Efficacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-209
Author(s):  
Alex Rajczi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Real World ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Universal Health Insurance ◽  
Medical Innovation ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Universal Health

Some people express concern that social minimum programs might be ineffective, inefficient, counterproductive, or unnecessary. This chapter focuses on three specific worries about efficacy that are often expressed in real-world debates about universal health insurance: the worries that universal health insurance systems would not improve aggregate national health, that they would reduce medical innovation, and that they would produce waiting lists. The first is best addressed using purely factual information, but concerns about innovation and wait lists require philosophical analysis. The chapter argues that concerns about innovation and wait lists are philosophically misguided.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alex Rajczi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Policy ◽  
Universal Health Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Fiscal Risk ◽  
Universal Health

Most Americans see the need for a national health policy that guarantees reasonable access to health insurance for all citizens, but some worry that a universal health insurance system would be inefficient, create excessive fiscal risk, or demand too much of them, either by increasing their taxes or by rendering their own health insurance unaffordable. After describing these three objections and the role they play in health care debates, the introduction outlines the contents of each chapter. It concludes with some remarks about how data will be handled in the book’s later chapters.

Universal Health Insurance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Klosko
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Universal Health Insurance ◽  
Health Insurance System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Universal Health

Continuation of the struggle for national health insurance. Bill Clinton’s attempt to reform national health insurance, a cause taken up by Barack Obama, who in large part succeeded with his Affordable Care Act, passed in 2010. A major theme of the chapter is how the aim of universal health insurance, and so serving the poor, came to be overshadowed by the need to address abuses in the health insurance system and the concerns of the middle class.

scholarly journals Urgensi Kebijakan Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta (Universal Health Coverage) bagi Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-299
Author(s):  
FC. Susila Adiyanta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Universal Health Insurance ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Universal Health

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui urgensi dan relevansi kebijakan Pemerintah dalam memperbaiki ekosistem penyelenggaraan kesehatan masyarakat dengan penguatan JKN sebagai skema asuransi kesehatan sosial yang bersifat wajib sebagai akibat adanya kesejangan antara iuran dengan  manfaat yang komprehensif di masa wabah pandemi global Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kebijakan skema Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) dalam SJSN-KIS mempunyai urgensi sebagai pemenuhan penyelenggaraan jaminan kesehatan yang terjangkau oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat secara adil dan merata sesuai amanat konstitusi; 2) Skema sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) Sistem UHC telah dimodifikasi oleh Pemerintah untuk diselaraskan dengan kondisi dan tujuan penyelenggaraaan kesehatan nasional yang profesional, efisien dan efektif, dan menjangkai seluruh lapisan masyarakat;3) Skema Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) yang terintegrasi antara Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional (SJSN) dan Sistem Kesehatan Nasional (SKN) sangat relevan  bagi penyelenggaraan kesehatan masyarakat berdasarkan kerjasama, solidaritas dan empati semua warga di masa pandemi global Covid-19. Kata kunci: Universal Health Coverage, penyelenggaraan kesehatan masyarakatAbstract The purpose of this study is to study the urgency and relevance of Government policies in improving the public health ecosystem by strengthening JKN as a health insurance needed to improve the compatibility between contributions and useful benefits in the future of the global pandemic outbreak Covid-19. The results of the study show that: 1) the policy on universal health insurance requirements (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) in the SJSN-KIS has urgency as fulfilling the implementation of health insurance that is affordable to the whole community and in accordance with the mandate of the constitution; 2) Scheme of the Universal Health Insurance System (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) The UHC system is supported by the Government to be aligned with the requirements and objectives of national health care that are professional, efficient and effective, and reaches all communities; 3) The Universal Health Coverage Scheme (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) which is integrated between the National Social Security System (SJSN) and the National Health System (SKN) is very relevant for the implementation of public health through cooperation, solidarity, and empathy for all citizens in the global pandemic -19. Keywords: universal health coverage, public health administration

scholarly journals Federalism and Australia’s National Health and Health Insurance System

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Podger
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
National Health ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Universal Health Insurance ◽  
Health Insurance System ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Universal Health

While health reform in Australia has been marked by piecemeal, incremental changes, the overall trend to increasing Commonwealth involvement has not been accidental or driven by power-hungry centralists: it has been shaped by broader national and international developments including technological change and the maturing of our nation and its place internationally, and by a widespread desire for a national universal health insurance system. In many respects the Australianhealth system performs well, but the emerging challenges demand a more integrated, patient-oriented system. This is likely to require a further shift towards the Commonwealth in terms of financial responsibility, as the national insurer. But it also requires close cooperation with the States, who could play a firmer role in service delivery and in supporting regional planning and coordination. The likelihood of sharing overall responsibility for the health system also suggests thereis a need to involve the States more fully in processes for setting national policies. This article draws heavily on a lecture presented at the Australian National University in October 2015. It includes an overview of Australia’s evolving federal arrangements and the context within which the current Federalism Review is being conducted. It suggests Australia will not return to ‘coordinate federalism’ with clearly distinct responsibilities, and that greater priority should be given to improving how we manage shared responsibilities. There is a long history of Commonwealth involvement in health, and future reform should build on that rather than try to reverse direction. While critical of the proposals from the Commission of Audit and in the 2014 Budget, the lecture welcomed the more pragmatic approaches that seemed to be emerging from the Federalism Review discussion papers and contributions from some Premiers which could promote more sensible measures to improve both the effectiveness and the financial sustainability of Australia’s health and health insurance system. The Commonwealth’s new political leadership in 2015 seemed interested in such measures and in moving away from the Abbott Government’s approach. But the legacy of that approach severely damaged the Turnbull Government in the 2016 federal election as it gave traction to Labor’s ‘Mediscare’ campaign. In addition to resetting the federalism debate as it affects health, the Turnbull Government now needs to articulate the principles of Medicare and to clarify the role of the private sector, including private health insurance, in Australia’s universal health insurance system. Labor also needs to address more honestly the role of the private sector and develop a more coherent policy itself. Abbreviations: COAG – Council of Australian Governments; NHHRC – National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission; PHI – Private Health Insurance; VFI – Vertical Fiscal Imbalance.

scholarly journals Low acuity paediatric emergency visits under single-payer universal health insurance in Taiwan, 2000–2015: a population-based repeated cross-sectional design

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042084
Author(s):  
I-Anne Huang ◽  
Yiing-Jenq Chou ◽  
I-Jun Chou ◽  
Yu-Tung Huang ◽  
Jhen-Ling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Universal Health Insurance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Payer ◽  
Insurance Programme ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Universal Health

ObjectivesEmergency services utilisation is a critical policy concern. The paediatric population is the main user of emergency department (ED) services, and the main contributor to low acuity (LA) ED visits. We aimed to describe the trends of ED and LA ED visits under a comprehensive, universal health insurance programme in Taiwan, and to explore factors associating with potentially unnecessary ED utilisation.Design and settingWe used a population-based, repeated cross-sectional design to analyse the full year of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 National Health Insurance claims data individually for individuals aged 18 years and under.ParticipantsWe identified 5 538 197, 4 818 213, 4 401 677 and 3 841 174 children in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, respectively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe adopted a diagnosis grouping system and severity classification system to define LA paediatric ED (PED) visits. Generalised estimating equation was applied to identify factors associated with LA PED visits.ResultsThe annual LA PED visits per 100 paediatric population decreased from 10.32 in 2000 to 9.04 in 2015 (12.40%). Infectious ears, nose and throat, dental and mouth diseases persistently ranked as the top reasons for LA visits (55.31% in 2000 vs 33.94% in 2015). Physical trauma-related LA PED visits increased most rapidly between 2000 and 2015 (0.91–2.56 visits per 100 population). The dose–response patterns were observed between the likelihood of incurring LA PED visit and either child’s age (OR 1.06–1.35 as age groups increase, p<0.0001) or family socioeconomic status (OR 1.02–1.21 as family income levels decrease, p<0.05).ConclusionDespite a comprehensive coverage of emergency care and low cost-sharing obligations under a single-payer universal health insurance programme in Taiwan, no significant increase in PED utilisation for LA conditions was observed between 2000 and 2015. Taiwan’s experience may serve as an important reference for countries considering healthcare system reforms.

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