The First East Asian Empires

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-239
Author(s):  
Mark Edward Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Role Of The State

In 221 BCE the Qin state created the first unitary empire in continental East Asia. Although it innovated in exalting the title and status of the ruler, its continuation of the institutions of the Warring States led to policies that provoked rebellion and ultimately collapse. The subsequent Han dynasty introduced the changes that underlay all future East Asian empires: elaboration of the role of the emperor as supreme ruler and high priest; abandonment of universal military service; incorporation of nomadic peoples into the Han state order (primarily through military service); proclaiming the role of the state as chief patron of a textually defined cultural ecumene; and development of a new elite, combining aspirations to state service with local power bases created through land ownership, market-oriented agriculture, small-scale craft production, moneylending, and social networks fashioned through charity to and domination of poorer neighbors.

LAND PROCUREMENT FOR PUBLIC INTEREST IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WITH SMALL SCALE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Miftah Arifin ◽  
Wijayono Hadi Sukrisno ◽  
Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ownership Rights

<p><em>This study has purposes to find out how the mechanism of land procurement for the public interest in local governments, find out the obstacles and solve the problem of land procurement for the public interest on a small scale. Land procurement by the local government sometimes always collides with the stages of land procurement which is a very long process, but the land is needed immediately to support development. Small-scale land procurement is carried out on an area of no more than 5 hectares. Land procurement on a small scale for the public interest can be carried out without going through the determination of the location. The legal consequences are not being able to deposit compensation in court. This study uses a sociological juridical method, namely the discussion based on the provisions of the legislation. The results of this study are that the mechanism for land procurement for the public interest is carried out with accurate research and socialization so that the community understands the positive impact of development for the public interest and counseling so that the community understands the benefits of the project and participates in the success of project development for the public interest. Another obstacle in the implementation of land procurement is the existence of incomplete land ownership data or documents or no land ownership rights, the bureaucracy that guarantees legal certainty that the settlement of these obstacles is carried out with the active role of agencies that require land.</em></p>

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE GENETICS OF THE EAST ASIAN “ECONOMIC MIRACLE”: A NEOSTRUCTURALIST VISION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Igor PILIAIEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Program ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Analysis Strategy

The existence of common features and regularities of the neostructuralist model of modernization in the successfully modernized economies of East Asian countries with different regimes is substantiated. Above all, it is an active “entrepreneurial” role of the state in developing infrastructure as an important factor of production and encouraging, under competitive market environment, export-oriented sectors of the economy based on existing comparative advantages, gradual introducing to competitive positions in domestic and foreign markets the previously established large capital-intensive and high-tech enterprises. A critical prerequisite for success is the state’s proper attention to developing "soft" infrastructure, in particular, ensuring such important components of the "inclusive" economy as respect for property rights, impartiality of commercial courts, wide choice of economic activity, quality education system devoid of class privileges and status barriers, etc. All these components are present in modern highly competitive economies of the Confucian tradition. It is shown that the center-periphery paradigm, reflecting the fractal nature of economic and social networks, organically fits into the theory of the new structural economy at all levels of analysis, strategy, and practical economic policy. Thus, even from a low agricultural start with an active and purposeful structural policy of the state, it is possible to form “cores” of comparative competitiveness, derived from endogenous rather than exogenous factors of economic development. Based on the factor endowment of national economy, enterprises with existing comparative advantages, regardless of whether they belong to the first or sixth technological mode, should be provided by the state with additional incentives (credit, infrastructure, etc.) to enter foreign markets, attract foreign investors, carry out technology transfer. Particular attention is paid to the modernization experience of Poland, whose government since the end of 2016 has been applying in its economic program and policy the theoretical achievements and practical experience of East Asian neostructuralism.

Neoliberalism Revised? A Critical Account of World Bank Conceptions of Good Governance and Market Friendly Intervention

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Kiely
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Newly Industrializing Countries ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
Sub Saharan

This article examines recent World Bank reports on the role of the state in the development process, with particular reference to the rise of the East Asian newly industrializing countries and the crisis of “governance” in sub-Saharan Africa. The concepts of market friendly intervention and good governance are critically discussed, and are found to be inadequate as explanations for East Asian “success” and African “failure.” The author presents an alternative explanation for the rise of the newly industrializing countries, which draws out some of the implications for the developing world.

Disputation in Ancient Chinese Culture

Early China ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 118-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Warring States ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Difficulties

During the Warring States, Ch'in, and Han periods the influence of the arts of disputation and rhetoric increased. Disputation affected the form and content of philosophical arguments and, mainly during the Han dynasty, contributed to the process of ideological synthesis. Furthermore, debate and argumentation came to play a central role in resolving social difficulties and determining government policy. Along with rhetoric, as represented by the Chan-kuo-ts'e, disputation also helped define the style and nature of a wide variety of literary genres, espeically the Fu and historiographical works of the Han period.In this paper, the “program” for disputation attributed to Tsou Yen in the Shih chi is presented and its influence on other philosophical schools traced. Then the tradition of debate, both court debates from their Warring States origins on into the Han, and the rise of legal disputes within society as a whole are examined. Finally, the role of the Tsung Heng school in creating, preserving, and transmitting a tradition of rhetoric Is described. Analysis of the rhetorical devices of this school suggests the close connection of debaters, persuaders, logicians, and authors of Fu.In conclusion, the author seeks to identify some of the social and economic causes for the increasing influence of disputation, such as the emergence of private property and the concept of “individualism,” the development of a scholar class and patrons, and the increase of cultural and intellectual pluralism and diversity.

Differences in East Asian Self-Gifting and Role of Independence Within Interdependent Cultures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Suzuki ◽  
Kosuke Takemura ◽  
Takeshi Hamamura
Keyword(s):  
East Asian

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

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