Enthusiasm and Skepticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-112
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hochschild
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Biogeographical Ancestry

Chapter 4 examines two of the cells in the basic framework: “Enthusiasm” about the benefits of using the science of genetic inheritance, and “Skepticism” about the risks of using the science of genetic inheritance. For each viewpoint, this chapter explores arenas within medical and scientific research (including gene therapy, the search for Covid-19 vaccines, and gene editing), criminal justice (including forensic DNA databases, rapid DNA testing, and exoneration), and biogeographical ancestry (including racial and ethnic ancestry testing, race-based medicine, and deep ancestry). Chapter 4 provides evidence to support both excitement about the benefits of genomic science and concern about its risks and costs.

Who Should Govern?

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-219
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hochschild
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Expert Surveys

Chapter 8 uses the GKAP surveys, expert surveys, and interviews to examine views about governance of genomics technologies. Experts collectively offer long lists of appropriate and inappropriate governing bodies; they show little convergence. Interview subjects also offer diverse views on genomics governance, but mostly agree that government actors and medical professionals are not suited to it. The public generally endorses forensic DNA databases and their governance, has mixed views on medical research involving genetics, and is cautious about gene editing, especially germline. Americans express little confidence in any potential governing actor, but they trust families and doctors somewhat more than community forums, clergy, or public officials. There is little partisan division, some racial division, and mostly division by quadrants of the basic framework.

Hope and Rejection

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hochschild
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Genetic Science ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Societal Problems

Chapter 5 examines the remaining two cells in the basic framework: “Hope,” about developing social programs separate from genetic influence, and “Rejection,” emphasizing the hubris of both genetic science and social programming. For each viewpoint, this chapter explores arenas within medical and scientific research (including environmental causes of and cures for disease, and personal choice), criminal justice (including predictive models, epigenetics, and environmental or personal causes), and biogeographical DNA testing (largely rejected except through traditional genealogy in both cells). Chapter 5 provides evidence to support both hope about understanding causes of individual or societal problems and policy interventions to solve them, and the conviction that policy interventions will be a waste of time or actually harmful.

scholarly journals Latest Advances of Virology Research Using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Gene-Editing Technology and Its Application to Vaccine Development

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Man Teng ◽  
Yongxiu Yao ◽  
Venugopal Nair ◽  
Jun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Viral Genomes

In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing techniques have been well developed and applied widely in several aspects of research in the biological sciences, in many species, including humans, animals, plants, and even in viruses. Modification of the viral genome is crucial for revealing gene function, virus pathogenesis, gene therapy, genetic engineering, and vaccine development. Herein, we have provided a brief review of the different technologies for the modification of the viral genomes. Particularly, we have focused on the recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing system, detailing its origin, functional principles, and touching on its latest achievements in virology research and applications in vaccine development, especially in large DNA viruses of humans and animals. Future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology in virology research, including the potential shortcomings, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Crime Scene Analysis Through DNA Testing of Canine Feces—A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Vishal Somnay ◽  
Thomas Duong ◽  
Ray-Young Tsao ◽  
Joseph A. Prahlow
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Testing ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Crime Scene Analysis

Forensic DNA testing can play a critical role in homicide investigations. Selecting the appropriate evidence on which to perform DNA testing requires foresight and reasoning based on experience and science. Although successful DNA testing can occur using many substrates, including blood, hair, and sweat/epithelial cells, positive results can also result from testing various unorthodox samples. The authors report on a triple-murder investigation where DNA testing of dog feces at the crime scene matched DNA testing of feces found on the shoe of a suspect resulting in successful prosecution of the case.

Potential HIV gene therapy strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Cord Blood Cells ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Therapy Strategies

The CCR5 null genotype generation has been a main focus in the HIV gene therapy industry. The presence of the X4 tropic virus, mobilization of HSPCs, the quality of the cells for manipulation, and gene editing efficiency appear to be the main obstacles in translating this technique. Unintended off-target cleavage is a key problem in CRISPR/Cas9 editing. With the development of small molecule expansion methods for cord blood HSPC, it would be advantageous to modify CCR5 in cord blood cells and expand them for transplantation. The generation of engraftable HSPCS from iPSCs would be an ideal technique for HSCC gene therapy.The haplotype-characterized iPSC would be the donor for many patients, and it could be a commercially available product. The 32 C CR5 homozygous people had no elevated mortality risks according to whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome genotyping, according to CCR 5 positive people, and had no higher mortality risks compared to those who were HIV positive. Recent advances in gene editing, such as non-viral delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins, incorporation of a 3X-nuclear localization signal into spCas9, and use of HiFi Cas9 with chemically modified sgRNAs, can be combined with recent advances in transplantation. Infusing modest doses of gene modified primitive HSPC fractions indicated by CD34 + CD90 + CD45RA-, which can engraft better, is another option for lowering the cost of gene therapy.

Value-based Medicine and Gene Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Gary C. Brown ◽  
Melissa M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Based Medicine

A study of Spanish attitudes regarding the custody and use of forensic DNA databases

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín-Jose Gamero ◽  
José-Luis Romero ◽  
Juan-Luis Peralta ◽  
Francisco Corte- Real ◽  
Margarita Guillén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Databases

scholarly journals GENE THERAPY FOR HAEMOPHILIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Asghar ◽  
Z Asjad ◽  
H Tahir ◽  
Z Maheen ◽  
S Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Retroviral Vectors ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
General Application ◽  
Blood Disorder ◽  
Statistical Consideration ◽  
History Of

The blood disorder, Hemophilia, has its roots embedded deep into the history of genetic disorders. The European royal family is one of the most prominent families to be affected by this disease thus, dubbing it 'the royal disease'. The types of Hemophilia are divided into two based on the type of coagulation factor mutation found in the patient. For treating haemophilia, gene therapy is done by using different vectors such as lentiviral and retroviral vectors but due to the production of limited expression different adeno associated virus (AAV) strains are used. Some engineerly modified vectors are currently used to get the best possible results. The clinical trials prove the efficacy of these vectors so through their obtained statistical consideration, patient experience and population study once can design vaccines and drugs for haemophilia patients but also due to pre-existing Nabs and pre-existing HCV or HBV infection, the general application of AAV gene therapy is currently limited. The possibility of gene editing for the repair of the mutation is on the horizon.

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