THE CONCEPT AND CURRENT TRENDS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN UKRAINE

Purpose: to highlight the concept of public health system and public health services in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were used in order to achieve this goal. Results. Considering in detail the functioning of public health institutions in Ukraine at the national and regional levels, we can note that to ensure the epidemiological surveillance and assessment of health and well-being of the population modern new tools were created. These tools have been used to monitor public health. The basic standards of activity and priorities are used. There are new structures, such as a clear reporting system, financing, monitoring of the quality of labor resources and rendering of services to consumers. The current state of social programs in public health research has shown the presence of a number of theoretical, methodological, economic, organizational, legal problems. Evidence suggests that investing in public health is generally cost-effective for the health care sector, other sectors, and the economy in a broad sense. A clear position of the state is important for the further development of social programs in public health. The state created the basic conditions for the development of such programs and these conditions were important for the initial stage of their formation. It is a need for creation a regulation system of such programs, which will reflect not only tax benefits, but also other preferences for developers of such programs. Particular attention should be paid to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, which has made significant changes to the number of chronic and acute diseases and to the public health system. Conclusions. The adoption of the Concept for the Development of the Public Health System in Ukraine in 2016 was a driving stage in the modernization of public health in Ukraine and had a positive impact on its development. There are still problems with the need to improve the further development and modernization of the public health system in Ukraine, which ought to be addressed at the national and regional levels, taking into account the international experience of the highly efficient systems in Europe and the World.

PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE SETTINGS OF DIGITALIZATION

Digitization increases the potential of social security for greater efficiency in the provision of new services and the deployment of large-scale social programs. However, there is a possibility that these technologies will become a prerequisite for unregulated access to information and personal data stored in the digital network. Therefore, the purpose of the report is to identify some challenges in this direction and to seek possible solutions.

Socio-political choice of Russia in the context of ideologies

In the article, the author analyzes the differences in value orientations and the specifics of the party-political systems of Western countries and Russia, the features of the basic values of the United Russia party and the value orientations of Russian citizens. The problem of borrowing and using successful foreign experience and finding one's own way of development has always been in the center of Russian political discourse. Today conservative as well as liberal approaches prevail in politics in Western countries, until recently they were present in the form of the ideology of the new right. In Russia the dominant “United Russia” party has been in power since 2003 and it positions itself as an all-encompassing or "catch-all" party. However, there are liberal and conservative wings in United Russia. The second one is closer to the ideological platform of the parties of the new right, which in practice in politics abandon the model of the welfare state. According to the surveys, in Russia the neoliberal values recorded in the program documents of United Russia do not meet the expectations of the majority of Russians who demand an active social policy. This contradiction, according to the author, is connected with the decline in popularity of the pro-presidential United Russia, which Russian President Vladimir Putin is trying to stop by supporting social programs, while relying on some members of United Russia and the ONF. United Russia won the elections to the State Duma in 2021, but the influence of socially oriented political parties in society and the state is increasing.

How Can Schools Increase Students’ Hopefulness Following the Pandemic?

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the academic progress and wellbeing of many students, resulting in a greater sense of hopelessness and despair. These consequences are particularly devastating for many children living in urban communities, where poverty and a lack of resources prevent them from accessing high-quality learning, health care, and social programs. To understand the enormity of the problems associated with the growing hopelessness of our school-aged children, this article describes the factors affecting hope, how schools can foster hope, the skills and mindsets educators need to instill hope, and the positive outcomes of producing more hopeful students.

CYBERSPACE AS A SPACE: ANALYSIS OF METAPHORICAL STATEMENTS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Over the last thirty years, technology has created a new space (cyberspace) where people meet each other, seek information, or simply try to navigate through. However, there is no consensus in research on the character of cyberspaces and the extent to which they are real. In the first systematic empirical research of this nature, the study found an answer to this question through a survey of metaphorical accounts of university students in Information Studies, and Librarianship (N=102) collected over three years (2019-2021). Cyberspace is a real space in students' experiences, language, and thought structures. A space that allows movement, orientation, and search to be related with one another. An environment in which cognition, learning, and knowledge are structuring activities. Learning and cognition in this space occur differently than in the physical environment, which poses a challenge for developing specific didactic practices and social programs for students. Students perceive cyberspace as linked to the need to acquire new epistemic tools to help them overcome the crisis of knowledge they experience through this space. Keywords: cyberspace, didactic practices, information literacy, metaphors, pragmatism, tacit knowledge, on life

A theory of social programs, legitimacy, and citizen cooperation with the state

Aid and social programs are commonly used to fight insurgencies. However, sometimes they fail to achieve their goal of increasing citizen cooperation with the state. I propose a series of game-theoretic models that focus on the strategic interaction between a state and a citizen in the face of a challenge to the state’s monopoly of power by an insurgency. I argue that even if the provision of aid or social programs increases citizens’ intrinsic motivation to cooperate with the state, it does not necessarily translate into more cooperation. I show that citizen cooperation depends on whether the increase in the provision of aid is accompanied by an increase in the use of violent or hard tools by the state, the citizens’ expectation of future rewards, and the insurgency’s response. The models thus provide a rationale for why even if social programs increase state legitimacy, they may fail to increase citizen cooperation.

Building a More Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean - Report 3: Impact of Subsidized Financing to Support Resilient Buildings in the Caribbean

The Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. The loss caused by climate events drags the ability of the Caribbean countries to invest in infrastructure and social programs, contributing to slower productivity growth, poorer health outcomes, and lower standards of living. Within this context, building resiliency should become a priority for the Caribbean countries. The series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean. The results show that increasing building resiliency is economically viable for the high-risk islands of the Caribbean, generating long term savings and increasing the infrastructure preparedness to the impacts of CC.

Long-Term Effects of Social Insurance on Adult Mortality: Evidence From Three Social Programs in Mexico

Research on the mortality effects of social insurance programs for older adults has generated conflicting results. Some studies suggest important health benefits, others find no effects, and still others find unintended adverse effects potentially linked to pathways such as increased obesity. Evidence has focused predominantly on short-run effects rather than net long-run mortality effects and their effects on the health of older adults has been particularly understudied. Mexico offers a unique opportunity for studying the long-run effects of social programs on adult mortality. Within a ten-year period, Mexico introduced the following influential social insurance programs: Progresa conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in 1997, 70 y más unconditional cash transfer (UCT) program for older persons in 2007, and Seguro Popular, a public health insurance program (PHI) for the uninsured, in 2004. In this paper we analyze effects on mortality for middle-age and older adults, by gender, 10-20 years after program implementation.