Research ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Aaron Williamon ◽  
Jane Ginsborg ◽  
Rosie Perkins ◽  
George Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Ethical Research ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Music Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
Selection Of

Chapter 3 of Performing Music Research explores the guiding principles on which ethical codes are based. These can be summarized as follows: people should not be harmed, nor their rights and dignity compromised, and research must be of scientific value and carried out with integrity. These issues must be considered and addressed in the earliest stages of research and in light of the potential benefits of the findings of the research to society. The chapter reflects on the philosophical underpinnings of ethical research and outlines the process whereby ethical approval is typically sought and obtained, with reference to a selection of codes of research ethics published by professional associations and regulatory bodies that guide and inform research activity.

scholarly journals Consensus for the General Use of Equine Water Treadmills for Healthy Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Kathryn Nankervis ◽  
Carolyne Tranquille ◽  
Persephone McCrae ◽  
Jessica York ◽  
Morgan Lashley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Belt Speed ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Water Treadmill ◽  
Selection Of

Water treadmill exercise has become popular in recent years for the training and rehabilitation of equine athletes. In 2019, an equine hydrotherapy working group was formed to establish what was commonly considered to be best practice in the use of the modality. This article describes the process by which general guidelines for the application of water treadmill exercise in training and rehabilitation programmes were produced by the working group. The guidelines describe the consensus reached to date on (1) the potential benefits of water treadmill exercise, (2) general good practice in water treadmill exercise, (3) introduction of horses to the exercise, (4) factors influencing selection of belt speed, water depth and duration of exercise, and (5) monitoring movement on the water treadmill. The long-term goal is to reach a consensus on the optimal use of the modality within a training or rehabilitation programme. Collaboration between clinicians, researchers and experienced users is needed to develop research programmes and further guidelines regarding the most appropriate application of the modality for specific veterinary conditions.

scholarly journals Aligning accreditation and academic program reviews: a Canadian case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Professional Associations ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Program Reviews

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the potential benefits and limitations associated with aligning accreditation and academic program reviews in post-secondary institutions, using a descriptive case study approach. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes two Canadian graduate programs that are subject to both external professional accreditation and institutional cyclical reviews, as they underwent an aligned review. The process was developed as a collaborative effort between the academic units, the professional associations and the university’s graduate-level quality assurance office. For each program, a single self-study was developed, a single review panel was constituted, and a single site visit was conducted. The merits and challenges posed by the alignment process are discussed. Findings Initial feedback from the academic units suggests that the alignment of accreditation and program reviews is perceived as reducing the burden on programs with regard to the time and effort invested by faculty, staff and other stakeholders, as well as in terms of financial expenses. Based on this feedback, along with input from reviewers and program evaluation committee members, 14 recommendations emerged for ways in which an aligned review process can be set up for success. Practical implications The results suggest that aligned reviews are not only resource-efficient but also allow reviewers to provide more holistic feedback that faculty may be more willing to engage with for program enhancement. Originality/value The present study contributes to the existing body of knowledge about conducting aligned reviews in response to external accreditation requirements or institutional needs. It summarizes the potential benefits and limitations and offers recommendations for potential best practices for carrying out aligned reviews for policymakers and practitioners.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTING HOME SAFETY TOOLKIT TO CAREGIVERS OF VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S243-S243
Author(s):  
Scott A Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Key Staff ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purpose of this project was to study the processes necessary to make a Home Safety Toolkit (HST) for Veterans with dementia accessible to veterans and their caregivers. This Type 3 Implementation–Effectiveness Hybrid Research Design, included diagnostic analyses of the current processes by which Veterans receive home safety items, and identification of modifications necessary in order to provide the HST to Veterans with dementia. Two Veterans Health Administration Networks, one in the Northeast and one in the Mid-Atlantic region, participated. A formative evaluation used semi-structured interviews with key staff informants and caregivers identified facilitators and barriers to successful acquisition and use of home safety items. Qualitative data analysis reveals key barriers of time and cost, selection of best items, and caregiver reluctance to change. There was resounding support from caregivers regarding the potential benefits of self-paced toolkit including education and home safety items to implement for their veteran.

Ethics and the Ruling Relations of Research Production

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Truman
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Governance ◽  
Community Mental Health Service ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Ethical Approval

The role of research ethics committees has expanded across the UK and North America and the process of ethical review has become re-institutionalised under proposals for research governance proposed by government. Ethics committees have gained a powerful role as gatekeepers within the research process. Underpinning the re-constitution of ethical guidelines and research governance, are a range of measures which protect institutional interests, without necessarily providing an effective means to address the moral obligations and responsibilities of researchers in relation to the production of social research. Discussion of research ethics from the standpoint of research participants who in this paper, are service users within health and social care, provides a useful dimension to current debate. In this paper I draw upon experiences of gaining ethical approval for a research study which focused on user participation within a community mental health service. I discuss the strategies used to gain ethical approval and the ‘formal concerns’ raised by the ethics committee. I then describe and discuss ethical issues which emerged from a participants’ perspective during the actual research as it was carried out. These experiences are analysed using aspects of institutional ethnography which provides a framework to explore how the experiences of research participants are mediated by texts which govern the processes of research production. The paper highlights incongruities between the formal ethical regulation of research, and the experiences of research participants in relation to ethical concerns within a research process.

scholarly journals Competence-driven engineering education: A case for T-shaped engineers and teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alabadan Babatope A ◽  
Taiwo M. Samuel ◽  
Philip I. Ajewole ◽  
Oluwakemi M. Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Science Management ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

<span>The demand for engineering education and graduates is increasing daily because the current service and technological designs are unable to meet the needs of the society and the expected dramatic increase in the future. The emerging skill gap requires a shift in the type of expertise required of young professionals that will be needed to successfully lead organizations in the new economy. Researchers have identified various ‘shapes’ for the engineering professionals to make them relevant to the 21<sup>st</sup> century challenge, especially in the industry where their expertise is much needed. T-shaped professionals have skills that make them to be more preferred among others. The purpose of this paper is to present the need to upgrade engineering education curriculum to produce more T-shaped graduate engineers required in the changing industrial world. The potential benefits of T-shaped professionals to organizational performance are quite significant; hence, the demand for T-shaped professionals in knowledge-intensive, service-oriented economies is increasing. Unfortunately, the challenges associated with creating more T-shaped professionals are also significant. National regulatory bodies for engineering education in Nigeria are beginning to move towards integrated curriculum to break down discipline silos and produce T-shaped graduate engineers for the fast-changing industrial world. Service Science Management and Engineering (SSME) is an emerging discipline with over 250 programmes in 50 nations seeking to create more T-shaped professionals.</span>

scholarly journals Capturing User Intent when Brushing In Scatterplots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Gadhave ◽  
Jochen Görtler ◽  
Oliver Deussen ◽  
Miriah Meyer ◽  
Jeff Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
User Intent ◽  
Selection Accuracy ◽  
Provenance Data ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Concise Representation ◽  
Mixed Initiative ◽  
Selection Of

Being able to capture or predict a user's intent behind a brush in a visualization tool has important implications in two scenarios. First, predicting intents can be used to auto-complete a partial selection in a mixed-initiative approach, with potential benefits to selection speed, correctness, and confidence. Second, capturing the intent of a selection can be used to improve recall, reproducibility, and even re-use. Augmenting provenance logs with semi-automatically captured intents makes it possible to save the reasoning behind selections. In this paper, we introduce a method to infer intent for selections and brushes in scatterplots. We first introduce a taxonomy of types of patterns that users might specify, which we elicited in a formative study conducted with professional data analysts and scientists. Based on this, we identify algorithms that can classify these patterns, and introduce various approaches to score the match of each pattern to an analyst's selection of items. We introduce a system that implements these methods for scatterplots and ranks alternative patterns against each other. Analysts then can use these predictions to auto-complete partial selections, and to conveniently capture their intent and provide annotations, thus making a concise representation of that intent available to be stored as provenance data. We evaluate our approach using interviews with domain experts and in a quantitative crowd-sourced study, in which we show that using auto-complete leads to improved selection accuracy for most types of patterns.

scholarly journals MENTALITY AND LANGUAGE RESEARCH PRACTICE

Metaphysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Z. K Tarlanov
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Nature Quality ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the material of Russian linguistics, the article proves the thesis about the ethnomenal conditionality of research activity in terms of its various components: by the nature, quality, volume of factual material, selection of methods and ways of research, by observing the principle of consistency and historical and cultural localization of observations and generalizations. Signs of scientific ethno-mentality are identified and considered on the example of research by a number of prominent figures of Russian science.

scholarly journals Implementing Fully Privately Run Public Schools: Top View

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Sheikh Muhamad Hizam Sheikh Khairuddin ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Ismail ◽  
Zalina Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
School Efficiency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
New Type ◽  
Top View ◽  
Type Of School

The aim of this paper is to identify the perceptions of teachers and regulators in implementing fully privately run public schools (FPRPS) in Malaysia. Under the Malaysian Educational Blueprint (MEB) 2013 - 2025, it is clearly stated that the programs and activities that would encourage and allow parents, the public and private sectors, NGOs, and society to forge a partnership with the school will benefit especially concerning values education. These school community partnerships can be related to the ninth shift in the Blueprint which is “partnering with parents, community and private sector at scale,” although, the emphasis of this shift is more on students’ academic progress. This study was conducted for three months’ periods, involving 87 teachers and principals (in 13 schools) in the districts of Petaling Utama, Wilayah Bangsar-Pudu and Hulu Langat and 23 regulators in 10 Regulatory Bodies. The method used was in the form of focus group discussion (FGD). The data was processed by using Atlas ti. From the interviews conducted on FPRPS, all of the respondents (i.e. teachers, principals and regulators) indicated that they are ready and willing to accept the FPRPS implementation. This is because FPRS offers huge potential benefits to them. These include improvement in students’ skill, teacher training, academic performance, employability, financial support, infrastructures, facilities, security, maintenance, workload, and school efficiency. The study contributes to the development of a new type of school in Malaysia. 

scholarly journals The German Corona Consensus Dataset (GECCO): A standardized dataset for COVID-19 research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Sass ◽  
Alexander Bartschke ◽  
Moritz Lehne ◽  
Andrea Essenwanger ◽  
Eugenia Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Core Dataset ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Data Elements

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge of research activity. While this research provides important insights, the multitude of studies results in an increasing segmentation of information. To ensure comparability across projects and institutions, standard datasets are needed. Here, we introduce the "German Corona Consensus Dataset" (GECCO), a uniform dataset that uses international terminologies and health IT standards to improve interoperability of COVID-19 data. Methods: Based on previous work (e.g., the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 case report form) and in coordination with experts from university hospitals, professional associations and research initiatives, data elements relevant for COVID-19 research were collected, prioritized and consolidated into a compact core dataset. The dataset was mapped to international terminologies, and the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard was used to define interoperable, machine-readable data formats. Results: A core dataset consisting of 81 data elements with 281 response options was defined, including information about, for example, demography, anamnesis, symptoms, therapy, medications or laboratory values of COVID-19 patients. Data elements and response options were mapped to SNOMED CT, LOINC, UCUM, ICD-10-GM and ATC, and FHIR profiles for interoperable data exchange were defined. Conclusion: GECCO provides a compact, interoperable dataset that can help to make COVID-19 research data more comparable across studies and institutions. The dataset will be further refined in the future by adding domain-specific extension modules for more specialized use cases.

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