Forts, Stations, and Ancestors

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-183
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Railway Construction ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Strong Point

This chapter focuses on Wadi Rutm Station and Tel Shahm Station. Tel Shahm Station and its landscape is characterized by several types of militarization—tent-ring campsites, a fortified hilltop and blockhouse, shadowy remains of defensive trenches around the station, and a karakoll strong-point further south. It is possible that the anomalous northernmost tent-ring campsite is a mix of prehistoric, railway construction-era, and Arab Revolt-period occupation, and that the southern construction camp saw later re-occupation between 1917 and 1918. The hilltop blockhouse, its perimeter wall, and the observation posts are clear examples of Turkish militarization, reinforced by the munitions found at those posts facing the railway, indicative of outgoing Turkish rifle or machine-gun fire. Together with the shattered railway tracks down on the desert, it is likely that much of the archaeology of this multi-component site belongs to the Arab Revolt.

scholarly journals A Review of Different Aspects of Applying Asphalt and Bituminous Mixes under a Railway Track

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Kazem Jadidi ◽  
Morteza Esmaeili ◽  
Mehdi Kalantari ◽  
Mehdi Khalili ◽  
Moses Karakouzian
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Slab Track ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
Design And Construction

Asphalt is a common material that is used extensively for roadways. Furthermore, bituminous mixes have been used in railways, both as asphalt and as mortar. Different agencies and research institutes have investigated and suggested various applications. These studies indicate the benefits of bituminous material under railways, such as improving a substructure’s stiffness and bearing capacity; enhancing its dynamic characteristics and response, especially under high-speed train loads; waterproofing the subgrade; protecting the top layers against fine contamination. These potential applications can improve the overall track structure performance and lead to minimizing settlement under heavy loads. They can also guarantee an appropriate response under high-speed loads, especially in comparison to a rigid slab track. This review paper documents the literature related to the utilization of asphalt and bituminous mixes in railway tracks. This paper presents a critical review of the research in the application of asphalt and bituminous mixes in railway tracks. Additionally, this paper reviews the design and construction recommendations and procedures for asphalt and bituminous mixes in railway tracks as practiced in different countries. This paper also provides case studies of projects where asphalt and bituminous mixes have been utilized in railway tracks. It is anticipated that this review paper will facilitate (1) the exchange of ideas and innovations in the area of the design and construction of railway tracks and (2) the development of unified standards for the design and construction of railway tracks with asphalt and bituminous mixtures.

A Study on the Planning Method of Underground Space in Urban Core District - Taking Hangzhou Eastern New City Zone as an Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1411-1420
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Si Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Core ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
New City

Nowadays, Underground space exploitation is one of the directions of the main focus in the construction of Hangzhou. This paper comprehensively introduces the schematic design of the underground space exploitation of Hangzhou east station, combined with the underground space development project of the core area in Hangzhou eastern new city zone. Firstly, the background of the surrounding area is discussed to illuminate the important status of the core area of eastern new city zone in Hangzhou’s future construction. Then, the holistic design concept and construction goal of the underground space exploitation of the core area are presented, and its functions and layout are clarified focusing on the railway construction and circumjacent exploitation project of Hangzhou east station. Lastly, the executive plan about the underground space exploitation of the core area of Hangzhou eastern new city zone is expatiated comprehensively.

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