A malignus daganatok és az ischaemiás stroke kapcsolata.

Összefoglaló. A malignus daganat és a stroke egy-egy betegnél gyakran kombinálódik, sokszor egyidejűleg diagnosztizálják, vagy rövid idő telik el a két kórkép felismerése között. Az együttes megjelenés hátterében elsősorban a hasonló tradicionális rizikófaktorok állhatnak: az idősebb életkor, a magas vérnyomás, a hyperlipidaemia, a cukorbetegség, az elhízás és a dohányzás. Az átfedő kockázati tényezőkön túl a daganat által okozott hiperkoaguláció artériás és vénás thrombosis kialakulásához vezethet. A hiperkoaguláció hátterének kutatása főként a thrombocyták és a szöveti faktor aktiválására és a heparanáz fokozott expressziójára fókuszált, és felvetődött a neutrophil extracelluláris csapdák szerepe is. A daganat által okozott hiperkoagulációhoz társuló cryptogen (tradicionális rizikófaktor nélküli) stroke-ban sokszor található magasabb D-dimer-szint, és a CT/MRI-képeken gyakrabban látszanak multifokális, több ér ellátási területében megjelenő ischaemiás laesiók, melyek ritkábban fordulnak elő a tradicionális rizikófaktorokkal magyarázható stroke-okban. Az előzőkön kívül a daganatok kezelésére alkalmazott kemoterápia és sugárterápia is emeli a stroke kockázatát. A malignus daganatokhoz társuló stroke-ok megelőzése érdekében további vizsgálatok szükségesek a daganat által okozott hiperkoaguláció és vascularis változások pontosabb megértéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(1): 3–11. Summary. Cancer and stroke have long been studied individually, but their detrimental forces together have also been a strong point of focus. The occurrence of both cancer and stroke in a patient is often a reflection of their similar risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking), however, a subgroup of the cancer stroke population is believed to occur due to cancer-associated hypercoagulability. A deeper look into the cancer-associated hypercoagulable environment has indicated that thrombosis may be explained by cancer’s role in several factors, including activation of platelets and tissue factor, elevated expression of heparanase and influence on neutrophilic extracellular traps. When a cryptogenic stroke (stroke lacking the aforementioned risk factors) occurs due to the cancer-induced hypercoagulation state, patient serum D-dimer levels have been found elevated, and CT/MRI images of the brain have shown multivascular infarctions compared to stroke patients with traditional risk factors. Additionally, cancer treatment – chemotherapy and radiation – have also been found to increase the occurrence of cerebral vascular thrombosis. Further investigations are required to better understand cancer-associated vascular pathophysiologic changes and how to discern their unique strokes compared to strokes from other etiologies. With these insights, the prevalence of strokes in the cancer population could be decreased. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(1): 3–11.

A yearly maximum sea level simulator and its applications: A Stockholm case study

A yearly maximum sea level simulator for Stockholm is presented. The simulator combines extreme sea level estimates and mean sea level rise projections into a joint probabilistic framework. The framework can be used, for example, to assess the risk that new structures placed at the current minimum allowed height above the sea level can become flooded in the future. Such assessments can be used to underpin future building free levels, which would be a great improvement over the much more arbitrary criteria in use today. Another strong point of the framework is that it can be used to quantify the influence of uncertainties in mean sea level projections, estimates of sea level extremes and future emission scenarios on the risk of flooding. For Stockholm mean sea level uncertainty is found to be much more important than extreme sea level uncertainty. The framework is also set-up to test adaptation measures. It is found that protections that are built once the mean sea level has risen above some given threshold can be very efficient. Lastly, the framework is embedded into a simple decision problem that can be used to calculate risk/reward ratios for land development as a function of height above today’s mean sea level.

A Decision Support Tool for Supplier Evaluation and Selection

The supplier selection process is considered one of the most relevant decisions in supply chain management due to its effect on the product quality and on buyer performance. Supplier selection is often unstructured, and is generally based on the lowest-price proposal. However, this type of selection involves a high risk, sometimes resulting in project delays, poor quality of acquired goods, and large financial losses. Price is undoubtedly an important criterion when choosing a supplier; however, other equally important criteria must be considered. Therefore, supplier selection should be formulated as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This study uses the PROMETHEE-GAIA (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations—Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Assistance) method to classify and select suppliers in an agrifood company. One of the advantages of this method is that it allows decision-makers to set their preferences considering all the relevant criteria simultaneously, and their relative importance. The case study demonstrates that PROMETHEE constitutes a flexible MCDM tool for supplier evaluation and selection, rank the different alternatives, and provide valuable insights. The results show that the supplier selection process has a strong point related to the existence of two groups of suppliers, one focused on economic criteria and other related to the innovative capacity. However, a flaw emerges, as little relevance is associated to the environmental criterion.

Polarimetric SAR Speckle Filtering Using a Nonlocal Weighted LMMSE Filter

Despeckling is a key preprocessing step for applications using PolSAR data in most cases. In this paper, a technique based on a nonlocal weighted linear minimum mean-squared error (NWLMMSE) filter is proposed for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) speckle filtering. In the process of filtering a pixel by the LMMSE estimator, the idea of nonlocal means is employed to evaluate the weights of the samples in the estimator, based on the statistical equalities between the neighborhoods of the sample pixels and the processed pixel. The NWLMMSE estimator is then derived. In the preliminary processing, an effective step is taken to preclassify the pixels, aiming at preserving point targets and considering the similarity of the scattering mechanisms between pixels in the subsequent filter. A simulated image and two real-world PolSAR images are used for illustration, and the experiments show that this filter is effective in speckle reduction, while effectively preserving strong point targets, edges, and the polarimetric scattering mechanism.

Analytic Form Fitting in Poor Triangular Meshes

Fitting of analytic forms to point or triangle sets is central to computer-aided design, manufacturing, reverse engineering, dimensional control, etc. The existing approaches for this fitting assume an input of statistically strong point or triangle sets. In contrast, this manuscript reports the design (and industrial application) of fitting algorithms whose inputs are specifically poor triangular meshes. The analytic forms currently addressed are planes, cones, cylinders and spheres. Our algorithm also extracts the support submesh responsible for the analytic primitive. We implement spatial hashing and boundary representation for a preprocessing sequence. When the submesh supporting the analytic form holds strict C0-continuity at its border, submesh extraction is independent of fitting, and our algorithm is a real-time one. Otherwise, segmentation and fitting are codependent and our algorithm, albeit correct in the analytic form identification, cannot perform in real-time.

Postliberal Politics

The present article consists of key extracts from the recently published Adrian Pabst’s book “Postliberal Politics. The Coming Era of Renewal” (2021). According to the author, stability in the West faces the challenges of left and right populism. And if left populism hasn’t survived the trial by real elections, the right populism is quite successful in removing liberal elites from power. At the same time the strong point of the right populism is the provision of a political program, but its weakness is in the absence of any concepts or political instruments for transitions implementation. But forces, - the ultraliberal left and anti-liberal right, - develop various types of identity politics thus undermining the cultural and civilizational fundamental aspects of the West and the feelings of common goal and common destiny. The author opposes those extremes with postliberalism – non-uniform ideological movement directed at overcoming the contradictions of the deadlocked liberal ideology that is characterized by the rise of both left and right populism. According to Adrian Pabst, postliberalism acknowledges the failure of liberal projects and at the same time the necessity to preserve the most valuable liberal aspects in new form. Liberalism with its multiple trends is not beyond hope and some institutions it created are worth preserving. Still liberal ideology lead to the situation when freedom once alienated from self-restraint and mutual obligations turned into unfreedom. Self-destruction of liberal values such as freedom, equality, tolerance and pluralism demonstrates abnormalities that at once distort liberal principles and show liberal ideology logic. Postliberalism is intended to cut short those defects. In particular, postliberal ideology proceeds from acknowledging that the society is based not on some non-personal social contract between individuals as claimed by the liberals from the times of Hobbes and Locke, but appeared as the result of mutual arrangement between generations. Civil liberty does not man freedom from obligations or freedom for the sake of egoistical interests, but liberty to take care of oneself and others. Personality development based on personal independence should be balanced by common well-being. Equality does not mean uniformity but respect for integral virtue. Individual rights should not be downgraded but should be specific and relative due to their connection with obligations towards other people. Postliberalism in this interpretation endeavors to preserve the best gains of liberal ideology while eliminating the threat of blunt authoritarianism that is always concealed in liberal logic.

Pick a Pocket Or Two

This book tells the full history of the British musical, from The Beggar's Opera (1728) to the present, by isolating the unique qualities of the form and its influence on the American model. To place a very broad generalization, the American musical is regarded as largely about ambition fulfilled, whereas the British musical is about social order. Oklahoma!'s Curly wins the heart of the farmer Laurey—or, in other words, the cowboy becomes a landowner, establishing a truce between the freelancers on horseback and the ruling class. Half a Sixpence, on the other hand, finds a working-class boy coming into a fortune and losing it to fancy Dans, whereupon he is reunited with his working-class sweetheart, his modest place in the social order affirmed. Anecdotal and evincing a strong point of view, the book covers not only the shows and their authors but the personalities as well—W. S. Gilbert trying out his stagings on a toy theatre, Ivor Novello going to jail for abusing wartime gas rationing during World War II, fabled producer C. B. Cochran coming to a most shocking demise for a man whose very name meant “classy, carefree entertainment.”

Strategic Evaluation Plan and Improvement of Cement Plants (Iraqi Kurdistan Region – as a Case Study)

The cement plants in the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KRG) have made a considerable contribution to the economy of the region and almost dominated the cement market in the entire region and middle and south of Iraq. The cement plants as a part of KRG’s industrial sector needs to consider strategic planning, through this research the condition and quality of the cement plants in KRG have been evaluated, using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis (SWOT Analysis) technique as a strategic planning tool to demonstrate weakness points and strong points in the cement production process and to review opportunities to turn weaknesses into strengths while identifying the challenges facing this process and suggesting strategies to develop the cement plants. The main aim of the current study is to strategically evaluate, plan, and improve cement plants in KRG through the application (SWOT Analysis Technique). To achieve the study objectives, the methodology consists of a literature survey and field survey; including Interviews, field visits, data collection, presentation, analysis, and discussion of the results. In this study the reality of cement production in Iraq and Kurdistan region of Iraq has been demonstrated, the research sample was Gasin Cement Company (GCC) located in Sulaimaniya Governorate, SWOT analysis has been conducted to study the reality in the plant, some strong points, weakness points, opportunities, and threats have been founded. As a strong point; the quality of cement in GCC is high then as a weakness point Absence supervision on contractor’s work, after that as an opportunity Iraqi government has prevented the import of cement since 2016, finally as a threat the fluctuation of oil price does have dangerous effects on the cement market.

A Sparse Denoising-Based Super-Resolution Method for Scanning Radar Imaging

Scanning radar enables wide-range imaging through antenna scanning and is widely used for radar warning. The Rayleigh criterion indicates that narrow beams of radar are required to improve the azimuth resolution. However, a narrower beam means a larger antenna aperture. In practical applications, due to platform limitations, the antenna aperture is limited, resulting in a low azimuth resolution. The conventional sparse super-resolution method (SSM) has been proposed for improving the azimuth resolution of scanning radar imaging and achieving superior performance. This method uses the L1 norm to represent the sparse prior of the target and solves the L1 regularization problem to achieve super-resolution imaging under the regularization framework. The resolution of strong-point targets is improved efficiently. However, for some targets with typical shapes, the strong sparsity of the L1 norm treats them as strong-point targets, resulting in the loss of shape characteristics. Thus, we can only see the strong points in its processing results. However, in some applications that need to identify targets in detail, SSM can lead to false judgments. In this paper, a sparse denoising-based super-resolution method (SDBSM) is proposed to compensate for the deficiency of traditional SSM. The proposed SDBSM uses a sparse minimization scheme for denoising, which helps to reduce the influence of noise. Then, the super-resolution imaging is achieved by alternating iterative denoising and deconvolution. As the proposed SDBSM uses the L1 norm for denoising rather than deconvolution, the strong sparsity constraint of the L1 norm is reduced. Therefore, it can effectively preserve the shape of the target while improving the azimuth resolution. The performance of the proposed SDBSM was demonstrated via simulation and real data processing results.

MCGDM Based on VIKOR and TOPSIS Methods Using Spherical Interval Valued Fuzzy Soft With Aggregation Operators

Spherical interval valued fuzzy soft set (SIVFS set) has much stronger ability than Pythagorean interval valued fuzzy soft set and interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. Now, we talk about aggregated operation for aggregating SIVFS decision matrix. TOPSIS and VIKOR methods are strong point of view for multi criteria group decision making (MCGDM), which is a various extensions of interval valued fuzzy soft sets. We talk through a score function based on aggregating TOPSIS and VIKOR method to the SIVFS-positive ideal solution and the SIVFSnegative ideal solution. Also TOPSIS and VIKOR methods are provides the weights of decision makings. To nd out the optimal alternative under closeness is introduced.