Land Use Change and Avian Disease Dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Murray ◽  
Sonia M. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Avian Disease

Birds live on a human-dominated planet. Over half of Earth’s ice-free land area has been modified by anthropogenic disturbance including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, impacting ecosystems around the world. Disturbances associated with these land use types, such as habitat loss, fragmentation, and pollution, influence the dynamics between birds, their pathogens, and the environment they share. Such shifts in disease dynamics can arise through the impacts of land use change on aspects of hosts, vectors, and/or pathogens, including vector and host abundance, behavior, and physiology, and through pathogen persistence in the environment. To address this complexity, the major causes of land use change that can impact birds across diverse ecosystems are described. The chapter then discusses key changes associated with land use change such as habitat loss, pollution, and anthropogenic resources that are relevant to avian disease ecology. These key changes are followed by a synthesis of documented changes in avian health with urbanization, the fastest growing type of land use change on Earth. The chapter closes with relevant implications for One Health systems and future directions for advancing avian disease ecology in rapidly changing landscapes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN MENJADI LAHAN TERBANGUN PASCA PERPINDAHAN IBUKOTA KABUPATEN SUKABUMI DI WILAYAH TELUK PALABUHANRATU

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Yuda Pringgo Bayusukmara ◽  
Baba Barus ◽  
Akhmad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Future Situation ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Spatial Plan

The determination of the Capital of Sukabumi Regency had implications on Palabuhanratu Bay area in terms of the physical area marked by the change of land use. This research was begun by analyzing land use change using Landsat imagery. Markov Chain and CA-Markov Chain method were used to predict land use change. Prospective Structural Analysis assume that the future is different from the past and is not imposed, but can be built. MICMAC method were used to determine key variables in influencing the change of land use into built-area. The results showed that in the period of post-relocation, the built-up area had a significant increase than the period of pre-relocation. The prediction results of 2030 indicate the type of land use which had a significant decrease from 2016-2030 were beach sand and waterbodies. The type of land use which had higher increase was built-up area and shrub. The key variables that influence the change of land use into built-up area in Palabuhanratu Bay area in the present situation are distance to the city center, Regional Spatial Plan policy, and slope. In future situation, variables such as distance to cities, Regional Spatial Plan policy, and the proportion of paddy field would be the key variables in influencing the change of land use into built-up area.

scholarly journals Analysis of land stability and land-use change processes in the 19–20th centuries: a case study in Gödöllő Hillside, Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Krisztina Demény ◽  
Csaba Centeri ◽  
Dániel Szalai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Corine Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Land Cover Map

Abstract The manuscript presents land-use change processes based on former military map analyses. Military maps were derived from the 1770s until the 1890s and later from the CORINE Land Cover map. I observed the transition direction of areal distribution of various land uses. Digitalized maps showed 19-20th century land-use conditions; besides them, we created a grouping system which is based on the intensity of land use. We distinguished six land-use types, ranking them according to the anthropogenic influence (1. built-up areas; 2. arable fields; 3. orchards and vineyards; 4. meadows and pastures; 5. forests; 6. wetlands).

scholarly journals Tipe penggunaan lahan memengaruhi keanekaragaman dan komposisi hymenopteran parasitoid di Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal ◽  
Akhmad Rizali ◽  
Anik Larasati ◽  
Adha Sari ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
National Park ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Insect Sampling

<p>Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders in the world, one of which is its role as a natural enemy (parasitoids, predators). Land conversion can affect the diversity and composition of the parasitoid Hymenoptera and its ecological role. This study aims to examine the effect of land use types on the diversity and composition of hymenopterans parasitoid in Jambi. The study was conducted on various types of land use in the Harapan Forest landscape and Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD), Jambi Province including forests, rubber forests, oil palm plantations, and rubber plantations. Insect sampling was conducted from March to September 2013, using fogging techniques. A total of 14,258 hymenopteran parasitoid individuals consisting of 30 families were obtained from all study sites. Encyrtidae, Braconidae, Aphelinidae, Eulophidae, Scelionidae, Ceraphronidae, and Platigasteridae families are found in high abundance. Oil palm land use types are found to have different parasitoid compositions compared to other land use types, while forest and rubber forest land use types have high species composition. The results of this study indicate that the type of land use affects the diversity and composition of hymenopteran parasitoid species.</p>

Revegetation modifies patterns of temporal soil respiration responses to extreme-drying-and-rewetting in a semiarid ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Drying And Rewetting ◽  
Land Use Types

&lt;p&gt;Changes in climate and land-use are altering soil respiration patterns and thus affecting C sequestration rates globally. This study aims to understand the effect of revegetation induced land-use change on the response of soil respiration to precipitation pulses during an extreme-drying-and-rewetting period. Soil respiration (SR) in cropland, grassland, shrubland, and orchard were intensively monitored along with environmental variables during an extreme drought period with precipitation pulse on China&amp;#8217;s Loess Plateau. SR was strongly correlated to soil water content for all land-uses. However, the relationship was highly dependent on land-use types: SR was only strongly suppressed in cropland and orchard when moisture content exceeded 10.8% and 13.7%, respectively, whereas no clear suppression was observed under other land-uses. As a result, the C loss in grassland and shrubland was 49.1-78.9% higher than in cropland following significant precipitation events. In addition, SR was negatively and weakly correlated with soil temperature, indicating the change in the dominant control on SR due to extreme drought. Land-use change alters the response of soil respiration to soil moisture during extreme-drying-and-rewetting periods in this revegetated ecosystem. Its effect on respiration pulses will amplify as extreme climate events increase in the future, which may potentially alter the existing C balance.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Understanding land-use response of bird communities in an arid ecosystem of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Varun ◽  
Sutirtha Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
List Type ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Bird Richness

AbstractThe Indian Thar desert has lost much of its grasslands over the last few decades, mainly due to land-use change from pastoralism to agriculture. Expanding croplands and intensifying grazing pressures are popularly hypothesized to be major drivers of biodiversity loss in the region. Our study aims to investigate the effects of contemporary land-use change on bird communities of the Western Thar Desert.We surveyed 58 randomly laid line transects in a c2000 sq.km study area, to quantify parameters of bird community structure in three predominant land-use types viz. protected grasslands, rangelands, and non-irrigated croplands. Fieldwork for the study was conducted in the dry season (winter and summer) between December 2018 and April 2019.During winter, overall bird richness and abundance were highest in protected grasslands followed by non-irrigated croplands and rangelands. Protected grasslands also had a higher abundance of diet and habitat specialists. Compared to protected grasslands, density was lower in non-irrigated croplands and rangelands for 35% and 10% of species, respectively. A majority of the negatively affected species were insectivorous grassland specialists.Contrary to the pattern in winter, overall bird richness, abundance, community composition, and guild structure in summer were similar across three land-use types. Only one of the 17 analysed species had lower density in modified land-use types.Overall, protected grassland was the best habitat for birds and was specifically important for specialists, particularly during the winter. Rangelands and fallow croplands sustained most generalists at comparable densities but had severe negative impacts on specialists.Synthesis and application: Our results point out that low-intensity agro-pastoral land-uses can supplement, but not replace, protected areas in conservation of Thar desert’s avifaunal diversity. Our results are consistent with the idea of managing dryland habitats as agro-grassland mosaics with embedded protected areas, in order to reconcile human needs and biodiversity conservation at a landscape scale.

Future habitat loss and extinctions driven by land-use change in biodiversity hotspots under four scenarios of climate-change mitigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Jantz ◽  
Brian Barker ◽  
Thomas M. Brooks ◽  
Louise P. Chini ◽  
Qiongyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals Ongoing, but slowing, habitat loss in a rural landscape over 85 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy E. Ridding ◽  
Stephen C. L. Watson ◽  
Adrian C. Newton ◽  
Clare S. Rowland ◽  
James M. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Vegetation Surveys

Abstract Context Studies evaluating biodiversity loss and altered ecosystem services have tended to examine changes over the last few decades, despite the fact that land use change and its negative impacts have been occurring over a much longer period. Examining past land use change, particularly over the long-term and multiple time periods, is essential for understanding how rates and drivers of change have varied historically. Objectives To quantify and assess patterns of change in semi-natural habitats across a rural landscape at five time points between 1930 and 2015. Methods We determined the habitat cover at over 3700 sites across the county of Dorset, southern England in 1930, 1950, 1980, 1990 and 2015, using historical vegetation surveys, re-surveys, historical maps and other contemporary spatial data. Results Considerable declines in semi-natural habitats occurred across the Dorset landscape between 1930 and 2015. This trend was non-linear for the majority of semi-natural habitats, with the greatest losses occurring between 1950 and 1980. This period coincides with the largest gains to arable and improved grassland, reflecting agricultural expansion after the Second World War. Although the loss of semi-natural habitats declined after this period, largely because there were very few sites left to convert, there were still a number of habitats lost within the last 25 years. Conclusions The findings illustrate a long history of habitat loss in the UK, and are important for planning landscape management and ameliorative actions, such as restoration. Our analysis also highlights the role of statutory protection in retaining semi-natural habitats, suggesting the need for continued protection of important habitats.

scholarly journals The Impact of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Service Value in the Upstream of Xiong’an New Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5707
Author(s):  
Zhiyin Wang ◽  
Jiansheng Cao ◽  
Chunyu Zhu ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Ecosystem Service Value ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Service Value ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

The development of the Xiong’an New Area is a crucial strategy for the next millennium in China. The ecosystem upstream of the Xiong’an New Area, serving for the development of the Xiong’an New Area, changed with land use changes. To analyze the contribution rate of the land use change to the ecosystem service value, we analyzed the land use changes of three small watersheds (7318.56 km2) upstream of the Xiong’an New Area based on a total of six phases of land use data from 1980 to 2015. Then, the ecosystem service value (ESV) was calculated using the equivalent factor method. The results showed that the construction land and arable land were the largest land use types that increased and decreased in the area of the study area, respectively. The grassland and construction land were the land use types with the largest transfer-out area and transfer-in area, respectively. The regulating services accounted for the largest proportion of total ESV among different ecosystem service functions, and the grassland and woodland accounted for the largest proportion of total ESV among different land use types. ESV in the study area fluctuated slightly from 1980 to 2015. The decrease of ESV mainly occurred in the surrounding areas of mountain towns, and the conversion of cultivated land to construction land was the main reason for the decrease of ESV in this area. The conversion of grassland to construction land had the largest contribution rate to the decrease of ESV in the study area, while the conversion of grassland to waters had the largest contribution rate to the increase of ESV. In conclusion, controlling the development of construction land and strengthening water resources’ protection may improve the ecosystem service value in the upstream Xiong’an New Area in the future.

scholarly journals Consequences of land-use change and the wildfire disaster of 2017 for the central Chilean biodiversity hotspot

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ch. Braun ◽  
Fabian Faßnacht ◽  
Diego Valencia ◽  
Maximiliano Sepulveda
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Central Chile

AbstractCentral Chile is an important biodiversity hotspot in Latin America. Biodiversity hotspots are characterised by a high number of endemic species cooccurring with a high level of anthropogenic pressure. In central Chile, the pressure is caused by land-use change, in which near-natural primary and secondary forests are replaced and fragmented by commercial pine and eucalyptus plantations. Large forest fires are another factor that can potentially endanger biodiversity. Usually, environmental hazards, such as wildfires, are part of the regular environmental dynamic and not considered a threat to biodiversity. Nonetheless, this situation may change if land-use change and altered wildfire regimes coerce. Land-use change pressure may destroy landscape integrity in terms of habitat loss and fragmentation, while wildfires may destroy the last remnants of native forests. This study aims to understand the joint effects of land-use change and a catastrophic wildfire on habitat loss and habitat fragmentation of local plant species richness hotspots in central Chile. To achieve this, we apply a combination of ecological fieldwork, remote sensing, and geoprocessing to estimate the spread and spatial patterns of biodiverse habitats under current and past land-use conditions and how these habitats were altered by land-use change and by a single large wildfire event. We show that land-use change has exceeded the wildfire’s impacts on diverse habitats. Despite the fact that the impact of the wildfire was comparably small here, wildfire may coerce with land-use change regarding pressure on biodiversity hotspots. Our findings can be used to develop restoration concepts, targeting on an increase of habitat diversity within currently fire-cleared areas and evaluate their benefits for plant species richness conservation.

Fractal Study of Land Use Change in the Tailan River Basin, Xinjiang, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3968-3973
Author(s):  
Dong Yuan Sun ◽  
Cheng Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuan Hong Li ◽  
Dong Mei Peng ◽  
Naser Almanaseer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Industrial Mining ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tailan River Basin

Based on the land use data observed over the Tailan River Basin (TRB) during the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008, fractal theory is adopted and applied to expound spatial distribution characteristics and variation law of land use change in the arid inland TRB, Xinjiang, China. The results demonstrate spatial fractal characteristics in all land use types. The analysis indicate that the fractal dimensions of different land use types in the TRB are in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > farmlands > grasslands > unused lands > woodlands in 1990, and in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > grasslands > farmlands > woodlands > unused lands in 2000, and in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > grasslands > woodlands > farmlands >unused lands in 2005, and in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > grasslands > unused lands > woodlands > farmlands in 2008. The fractal dimension values of land use in the TRB in 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008 are calculated as 1.5993, 1.5986, 1.6079 and 1.6348 respectively. Fractal dimension of land use in the basin is decreased at first then increased, the spatial structure of land used exhibit complex trend, while the land use types show an increase trend. The stability indexes of spatial structure of land use in the TRB in 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008 are 0.1720, 0.1563, 0.1435 and 0.1428 respectively. These values suggest that the stability of the spatial structure of land use in the basin is gradually decreased.

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