The Rational Irrationalist

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-115
Author(s):  
N.J. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychical Research ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Society For Psychical Research

This chapter looks at E.R. Dodds’s engagement with the paranormal. Dodds’s career in psychic research had three distinct phases: before, during, and after his tenure of the Oxford chair. His own paranormal beliefs, however, solidified early and remained consistent over his long career in the field. Telepathy was real, an innate part of human development, and a default explanation for other forms of clairvoyance and mediumship. On the other hand, disembodied intelligences—including demons, ghosts, and spirit guides—were a delusion. Though marginalized in modern histories of psychic studies, Dodds’s long and active association with the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) made him a central figure in the history of twentieth-century paranormal research in Britain, and one of the most thoughtful and hard-nosed embedded observers of its journey from the Victorian parlour to eventual extinction in the laboratory environment he had spent his adult life advocating.

History of the myeloproliferative neoplasms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tariq I. Mughal ◽  
Tiziano Barbui
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Progress

The history of haematological malignancies appears to have begun in the sixteenth century as a result of astute clinical observations and the invention of medical microscopy. In the nineteenth century, the use of aniline-based dyes to stain human tissues facilitated the initial recognition of leukaemias, lymphomas, and myelomas as distinct nosological entities. The first detailed description of what is now referred to as chronic myeloid leukaemia, appeared in 1845, and the other ‘classic’ myeloproliferative neoplasms thereafter. Major progress in the therapy and the understanding of these malignancies, however, did not occur until the mid-twentieth century. Since the mid-1990s, these efforts have accelerated remarkably, resulting in the successful introduction of molecularly targeted therapies, and along with increased affordability and reliability of genomic profiling, have helped to usher in the era of precision medicine. In this chapter, we present a brief history of the biological and therapeutic milestones pertaining to myeloproliferative neoplasms.

From Work to Therapy: The Changing Politics of Occupation in the Twentieth Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Expertise ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Historically, there have been strong links between the establishment and maintenance of health through occupation, on the one hand, and broad sociopolitical and economic forces, on the other. As a result, occupational therapists have consistently contributed to, and been influenced by, prevalent attitudes to work, leisure, unemployment and poverty. This article examines the nature of these Interactions between occupational therapy and society, by exploring some of the continuities and discontinuities in the practice of occupational therapy within the history of a particular institution established in 1902 for children and adults with what are now referred to as ‘learning difficulties’ or ‘learning disabilities’. The article argues that it is the strength of the ideological and pragmatic links between therapy, health and work, rather than a reliance on rigid biomedical explanations of disease, that has traditionally constituted the basis for the professional expertise of occupational therapists.

THE INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION AND THE “OTHER WEIMAR”

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
NOAH B. STROTE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

These two books bring fresh eyes and much-needed energy to the study of the intellectual migration from Weimar Germany to the United States. Research on the scholars, writers, and artists forced to flee Europe because of their Jewish heritage or left-wing politics was once a cottage industry, but interest in this topic has waned in recent years. During the height of fascination with the émigrés, bookstores brimmed with panoramic works such as H. Stuart Hughes's The Sea Change: The Migration of Social Thought, 1930–1965 (1975), Lewis Coser's Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences (1984), and Martin Jay's Permanent Exiles: Essays on the Intellectual Migration from Germany to America (1985). Now, while historians still write monographs about émigré intellectuals, their focus is often narrowed to biographies of individual thinkers. Refreshingly, with Emily Levine's and Udi Greenberg's new publications we are asked to step back and recapture a broader view of their legacy. The displacement of a significant part of Germany's renowned intelligentsia to the US in the mid-twentieth century remains one of the major events in the intellectual history of both countries.

scholarly journals Every Text is a Performance: A Pre-History of Performance Philosophy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kornhaber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dramatic Literature ◽  
Partial Model ◽  
Boundary Points ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Textual Authority ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This article traces a genealogy of performance philosophy along two separate lines within the history of the twentieth-century academy.  On the one hand, it locates within the long history of philosophically-informed studies of dramatic literature a partial model for the work of performance philosophy, one that applied philosophical scrutiny to dramatic texts without ever extending the same consideration to theatrical performance—in spite of the practical theatrical work of many of this movement’s leading academic proponents.  On the other hand, it identifies in the poststructualist rethinking of textual authority an opening for the reconsideration of philosophical communication that returns performance to a place of philosophical potential that it has not securely held since before Plato’s dialogues.  It is argued that the intersection of these two trend lines in academic thought should be regarded as constituting an important intellectual genesis point for the emergence of performance philosophy and a useful means of approaching the purposes and boundary points of the field.

scholarly journals A Woman to Rule the World: Rome Personified in the Roman Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Campbell Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Roman Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
National Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

<p>Revitalised by Mussolini in the early twentieth century as a symbol of the ‘New Roman Empire’, Roma has endured a long history of national representation. Traditionally the figure of Roma is on the one side associated by historians with the Roman imperial cult and Augustus, and on the other by Numismatists as the helmeted female figure on the coinage of the Roman Republic. However, these figures are not presently considered one and the same. When describing this figure, Roma is considered a Greek innovation travelling west, which naturally discounts well over two centuries of Roman issued coinage. Roma inaugurated by Hadrian and previously manipulated by Augustus was not simply a Greek import, but a complex Roman idea, which, true to Roman form, incorporated native and foreign elements in shaping an outward looking signifier of Roman identity.</p>

scholarly journals Whither drifted “The Sailors of Marseilles” in 1917?

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Aleksandra S. Pakhomova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Literary Reputation ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Mikhail Kuzmin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Writing ◽  
Creative Life ◽  
Made In

The article analyzes the history of lesser-known literary union “The Sailors of Marseilles” that existed in Petrograd in 1917. Mikhail Kuzmin was the central figure and the most popular writer in this union. Other “sailors” were young poets who wanted to reach out the audience and to get the opportunity for publication. Until now, this union has not been studied in the context of Kuzmin’s oeuvre, literary reputation and author’s strategies. Some conclusions have been made in the process of our research. First of all, Kuzmin’s attitude to literary unions has been specified. As we can see, he considered literary groups as a commonwealth of independent authors exploiting shared writing technics. On the other hand, he did not approve ideological unification within such unions. Denying hierarchy in literary groups, Kuzmin strove to create a literary union on an equal footing. He emphasized the individuality of each “sailor” to create to make it real, but in fact, this union was just adopting Kuzmin’s techniques, i.e., it followed the authoritative model. It should be mentioned, that the organization of the group was also the Kuzmin’s endeavour to assert his literary reputation that was in decline during 1917. Moreover, the whole concept of “The Sailors of Marseilles” was carried in accordance with the nautical symbolics developed by Kuzmin in 1917. The sea was the sign of power and war, and the sailors were the image of fraternity capable to contradict this power. “The Sailors of Marseilles” in the final count can be considered as creative-life Kuzmin’s project.

Modernism and World Art, 1950–72

ARTMargins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Nikolas Drosos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
American Art ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Universal History ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Focusing on a series of exhibitions of modern art from the 1950s to the early 1970s, this article traces the frictions between two related, yet separate endeavors during the first postwar decades: on the one hand, the historicizing of modernism as a specifically European story; and on the other, the constitution of an all-encompassing concept of “World Art” that would integrate all periods and cultures into a single narrative. The strategies devised by exhibition organizers, analyzed here, sought to maintain the distance between World Art and modernism, and thus deferred the possibility of a more geographically expansive view of twentieth-century art. Realist art from the Soviet bloc and elsewhere occupied an uneasy position in such articulations between World Art and modernism, and its inclusion in exhibitions of modern art often led to the destabilizing of their narratives. Such approaches are contrasted here with the prominent place given to both realism and non-Euro-American art from the twentieth century in the Soviet Universal History of Art, published from 1956 to 1965. Against the context of current efforts at a “global” perspective on modern art, this article foregrounds the instances when the inner contradictions of late modernism's universalist claims were first exposed.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Giuliano Garavini
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Cultures

The Introduction deals with the place of sovereign landlords, in particular landlords that ruled over some of the most productive oil regions in the world, in the history of the twentieth century. Petrostates are often disliked because of their “rentier state” status. They have the aura of a “pariah state” compared to the other “productive” members of the international community. Land rent has been progressively marginalized as a topic of mainstream political economy thinking, and has generally negative connotations for Liberal and Marxist intellectuals and economists alike. The general dislike for rent as “undeserved wealth” lies very deep in widely engrained religious and cultural views all over the world. Variations of the biblical admonition that “if anyone is not willing to work, neither should he eat” exist so many different cultures. This book holds no such prejudice against land rent and sovereign landlords. It simply observes that land rent exists because the Earth is finite and because much of the ecosphere has been split up in the twentieth century among sovereign landlords called nation states. Each of these nation states has peculiar geographical and cultural characteristics and has to deal with them. The existence of petrostates such as Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Iran, nation states with such an important regional and global role, while at the same time crucially dependent on international land rent (a rent that comes from exports), cannot be easily dismissed as the outcome of a quirk of international political economy that has generated extravagant regimes.

Philosophies of Life

2019 ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
Gavin Flood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romantic Poetry ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

On the one hand, we have the development of science from the seventeenth to nineteenth century, while on the other, we have a focus on life in philosophy at the dawn of the nineteenth century. Here, life is understood in terms of nature as a dynamic process linked to impulse or drive. Partly stemming from a mystical discourse in the seventeenth century, the concern for life comes to be disseminated through the history of both Romantic poetry and Romantic philosophy. This vitalist spirit can be traced through to the twentieth century. Life itself comes to be articulated through a mystical theological discourse that ends in Romantic poetry and through a philosophical discourse that ends in phenomenology.

Economic Diversification Among Mongolian Reindeer Herders: Continuity and Change in The Tannu Uriankhai Girdle

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
Nicolas Rasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropological Fieldwork

Drawing on seven months of anthropological fieldwork conducted in northernmost Mongolia among nomadic Dukha reindeer herders (widely known as Tsaatan), this article examines Dukha economic diversification in light of the history of the Upper Yenisei–Darkhad Depression region in northern Inner Asia. Before its dislocation into discrete territories of different socialist countries in the early twentieth century, this place, which I call the Tannu Uriankhai Girdle, comprised an integrated economic mosaic that featured both taiga- and steppe-based pastoralism, as well as hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, inter- and intra-regional trade and remunerated labour. Reindeer pastoralism complemented and was complemented by the other facets of this economic mosaic. Now the Dukha economy itself comprises nearly all facets of this mosaic. This economic configuration affords and is afforded by greater degrees of autonomy and autarky, which reinforce and are reinforced by the ongoing partnership between Dukha, reindeer and their shared taiga homeland.

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