Holistic Innovation Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This book is about holistic innovation policy: its theoretical foundations, its problem-oriented approach, and its instrument choices. We start with the observation that most of the current innovation policies are not holistic because they only focus on a few determinants of innovation processes. This book provides a theoretically anchored foundation for the design of holistic innovation policy by identifying the core policy problems that tend to afflict the activities of innovation systems, including the unintended consequences of policy itself. This is a necessary stepping stone for the identification of viable, relevant, and down-to-earth policy solutions. The book also offers a critical analysis of policy instruments and their choice in innovation policy design. It is not a ‘recipe’ nor a ‘how-to’ guide. Instead, it provides analytical depth and substantial considerations about the ways in which policy might be providing solutions to problems in systems of innovation. After introducing its conceptual framework about innovation and innovation policy, the book delves into the following areas of innovation policy-making: knowledge production and research and development; education, training, and skills development; functional procurement as demand-side; change of organizations through entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship; interaction and innovation networks; changing institutions and regulations; and the public financing of early stage innovations. Its critical and novel perspective serves policy-makers, scholars, and anyone interested in the design of innovation policy. The summary chapter (Chapter 12) can be read independently of the rest of the book.

Identifying Nanotechnological Systems of Innovation

2017 ◽  
pp. 742-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio J. M. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Developments in nanotechnology have drawn the attention of governments, industry, academia and the public for their potential industrial benefits and their future trends within the innovation domain. The perception that nanotechnology promises important changes holds a rare opportunity to policy-making in its early stages. Understanding nanotechnology innovation process represents a crucial element for designing and implementing relevant, coherent and adequate innovation policy. This chapter proposes the development of an analytical framework to investigate nanotechnology paths. Results suggested that what has been generically labeled as ‘nanotechnology' actually comprises a set of different, but complementary, technologies that may be represented as particular ‘nanotechnological systems of innovation' to be used for analytical and policy designing purposes. The study attempts to contribute for the development of nanotechnology innovation indicators aiming to provide policy-makers with helpful data to support innovation policy design and foster nanotechnology development in Brazil.

Building the Theoretical Foundations for an Holistic Innovation Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary of the main arguments and conclusions in the book, and to highlight its main contributions. Taking the point of departure from the book’s analytical framework, and taking stock of the detailed considerations in its different chapters, this chapter looks into a series of issues related to the design of holistic innovation policy. With this purpose in mind, the chapter summarizes the theoretical foundations of an holistic innovation policy, how policy problems, obstacles, and barriers in innovation systems can be identified, and how policy instruments can be selected. The chapter finishes with a discussion of further avenues for innovation policy and innovation research. This summary chapter can be read independently of the rest of the book.

Identifying Nanotechnological Systems of Innovation

2016 ◽  
pp. 305-333
Author(s):  
Flávio J. M. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Developments in nanotechnology have drawn the attention of governments, industry, academia and the public for their potential industrial benefits and their future trends within the innovation domain. The perception that nanotechnology promises important changes holds a rare opportunity to policy-making in its early stages. Understanding nanotechnology innovation process represents a crucial element for designing and implementing relevant, coherent and adequate innovation policy. This chapter proposes the development of an analytical framework to investigate nanotechnology paths. Results suggested that what has been generically labeled as ‘nanotechnology' actually comprises a set of different, but complementary, technologies that may be represented as particular ‘nanotechnological systems of innovation' to be used for analytical and policy designing purposes. The study attempts to contribute for the development of nanotechnology innovation indicators aiming to provide policy-makers with helpful data to support innovation policy design and foster nanotechnology development in Brazil.

Communicating about Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading Programs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Lachapelle
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Trading Program

In debates surrounding policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, economists of various political stripes are near unanimous in their advocacy of putting a price on carbon, whether through a tax or emissions trading program. Due to the visible costs imposed on industry and consumers, however, these policies have been resisted by carbon-intensive industries and by an ideologically divided public, producing incentives for vote-seeking politicians to avoid implementing comprehensive and stringent carbon prices within their own borders. In this highly politicized environment, and considering the more recent diffusion of market-based instruments across political jurisdictions around the world, researchers have sought to identify the conditions most favorable to implementing carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs, the correlates of public support for these policies, and the extent to which different communication strategies may help build public support. How do experts, political leaders, and members of the public understand these policy instruments, and what specific approaches have been most successful in persuading policy makers and the public to support a price on carbon? In places that have yet to implement a carbon price, what can communication strategists learn from existing research and the experience of other jurisdictions where such policies have been successfully implemented? In places where carbon taxes or carbon cap-and-trade programs exist, how are the benefits of these policies best communicated to ensure the durability of carbon pricing policies over time?

scholarly journals Technology Parks in Poland As an Element of Public Proinnovation Policy—Selected Results from Empirical Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Marek Wróblewski ◽  
Leszek Kwieciński
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
Data Collections

AbstractNowadays, regional pro-innovation policy concentrates on the creation of endogenous economic resources that are intended to become the main driving force for regional economic growth. In current economic conditions, this resource refers primarily to the paradigm of the knowledge economy. Hence the crucial importance of regional policy is to support the development of innovative enterprises. At the same time, a prerequisite for the more dynamic development of innovative enterprises, and thus the development of the region, is to implement efficient pro-innovation policy instruments. Therefore the main research aim of this paper is to define how the technology parks in Poland, as a regional tool of the public pro-innovation policy, could stimulate innovations as well as competitiveness of SME. The article will be based mostly on the empirical approach, presenting selected results of the nationwide research project financed by the National Science Centre of Poland. The obtained initial empirical data suggest that technology parks in Poland expand highly-specialized services for their tenant enterprises to a very limited extent and focus on basic and routine aspects of their operations (rental, day-to-day administration of premises and equipment etc). In effect, the technology parks in Poland have played so far a very limited role in practice as a stimulus of innovativeness of SME. The study used the method of systemic analysis and also the empirical method (PAPI) for primary data collections.

China Emission Trading Scheme: An Up-to-Date Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2788-2790
Author(s):  
Dan Chu ◽  
Ru Guo ◽  
Feng Ting Li
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
National Market ◽  
Real Performance ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading

Becoming the second largest carbon market after the EU ETS in the world, China steadily runs the pilot carbon emission trading markets for more than half year. Political and economical context with Chinese Characteristics cultivated a new market from previous EU ETS. Intensive enterprise compliance in June and July witnessed an examination on policy design and implementation. Do the answers test the real performance and satisfy with domestic policy makers, enterprises and the public? Anyway, insights from existing pilot markets will be useful for future national market also for other emerging regimes.

Public Financing of Early-Stage Innovations

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Innovation Processes

Financing innovation processes is one of the crucial activities for developing commercially successful products and processes (innovations) and to facilitate their diffusion in the innovation system. This chapter addresses the rationales for public intervention, i.e. in which situations policy should be pursued in the field of financing. The chapter identifies a number of policy instruments for financing innovations that are available by the state, and which public agencies use for funding early-stage innovation. The chapter also describes the provision of risk capital by the Swedish state. This case describes a situation where unintended consequences of the policy pursued in Sweden led to the non-fulfilment of the additionality condition. We also describe how this mistake has begun to be resolved after discussions in the Swedish National Innovation Council. The chapter concludes with a number of important issues with regard to public financing of innovations.

Innovation Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Innovation Approach ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Innovation Policies

This chapter develops the core of the argument regarding the specific assumptions and theoretical propositions about the role and limits of innovation policy. The theoretical basis for the holistic approach to innovation policy proposed in this book is built from a broad version of the systems of innovation approach and the identification of the concrete policy problems that afflict the innovation system, including the unintended consequences of policy. Following from that, the chapter argues that most innovation policies across countries are still partial, not holistic; that innovation policy must be separated from research policy; and that innovation policy-learning can only take place using an analytical model that helps understanding what worked, how, and why.

scholarly journals What Can Policy-Makers Get Out of Systems Thinking? Policy Partners’ Experiences of a Systems-Focused Research Collaboration in Preventive Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Abby Haynes ◽  
Kate Garvey ◽  
Seanna Davidson ◽  
Andrew Milat
Keyword(s):  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: There is increasing interest in using systems thinking to tackle ‘wicked’ policy problems in preventive health, but this can be challenging for policy-makers because the literature is amorphous and often highly theoretical. Little is known about how best to support health policy-makers to gain skills in understanding and applying systems thinking for policy action. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 policy-makers who are participating in an Australian research collaboration that uses a systems approach. Our aim was to explore factors that support policy-makers to use systems approaches, and to identify any impacts of systems thinking on policy thinking or action, including the pathways through which these impacts occurred. Results: All 18 policy-makers agreed that systems thinking has merit but some questioned its practical policy utility. A small minority were confused about what systems thinking is or which approaches were being used in the collaboration. The majority were engaged with systems thinking and this group identified concrete impacts on their work. They reported using systems-focused research, ideas, tools and resources in policy work that were contributing to the development of practical methodologies for policy design, scaling up, implementation and evaluation; and to new prevention narratives. Importantly, systems thinking was helping some policy-makers to reconceptualise health problems and contexts, goals, potential policy solutions and methods. In short, they were changing how they think about preventive health. Conclusion: These results show that researchers and policy-makers can put systems thinking into action as part of a research collaboration, and that this can result in discernible impacts on policy processes. In this case, action-oriented collaboration and capacity development over a 5-year period facilitated mutual learning and practical application. This indicates that policy-makers can get substantial applied value from systems thinking when they are involved in extended co-production processes that target policy impact and are supported by responsive capacity strategies.

Why We Need an Holistic Innovation Policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Studies ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Oriented Approach

This chapter introduces the main idea of the book, namely, the theoretical foundations, the problem-oriented approach, and the focus on the instrument choices of an holistic innovation policy. The chapter argues that innovation studies have left unfinished the theoretical foundations for the design of innovation policy. The chapter also argues that a starting point for developing it is the identification of the problems that tend to afflict the performance of innovation systems and the ten determinants of innovation processes. This provides the basis for the choice of innovation policy instruments. The chapter provides a road map of the contents of the book.

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