Redeveloping the National Innovative Capacity Framework: European Union Perspective

This paper aims to redevelop the national innovative capacity framework and specify the influence of its’ elements on shaping the innovation performance of the EU nations. The objects of the empirical research are the EU member states for the period of 2000–2018. The collected data is employed in a multivariate Granger causality analysis that illustrates the causal links between the analyzed indicators and considers their dynamics. The results demonstrate that countries seeking to increase the levels of innovative outputs should mostly focus on scientific excellence and international economic activities. A redevelopment of the framework also helped discover that gender equality and corruption have causal links with all forms of the investigated innovation indicators—technological, non-technological, and commercial ones. The outcomes of this study highlight the most critical areas where EU member states could focus to improve their national innovation performance and may assist policymakers in the designing process of future innovation policies.

Efficiency Analysis of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Grain Production Based on Improved Grey Incidence Analysis

Analyzing and evaluating the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in grain production is conducive to the rational allocation of resources, promoting the development of scientific and technological innovation in grain production and providing guarantee for grain security. By refining the elements of grain production and scientific and technological innovation, an evaluation system of scientific and technological innovation in grain production is constructed. Firstly, combining linear programming together with the traditional grey synthetic incidence analysis model, a incidence analysis of the scientific and technological innovation indicators of grain production is carried out, and the key and secondary indexes affecting grain outputs are screened by an improved grey incidence analysis model. Secondly, based on DEA-Malmquist index model and taking the grain production process as the research object, the scientific and technological achievement transformation indicators are divided into pre-production, in-production and post-production indicators. The key indicators and secondary indicators of scientific and technological innovation of grain production in various cities of Henan Province from 2010 to 2019 are used to analyze the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in each stage of grain production. The results show that: (1) The type of basic ability of scientific and technological innovation indicators and the transformation ability of scientific and technological innovation achievements are the major indicators influencing grain outputs, and the investment of basic resources of scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements are the most important to improve grain outputs. (2) In addition, the study reveals that the secondary indicators of the technological innovation efficiency of grain production based on the DEA-Malmquist index model are more efficient than the key indicators in the pre-production, in-production and post-production stages. And there are gaps in the scientific and technological innovation performance of grain production among cities in Henan Province, and the index of technological progress is the leading factor for the gap.

Biofuel and Economic Complexity in the Context of Global Competitiveness: Comparative Cases Between the United States, Brazil and China

The present study aims to carry out an international analysis of the biofuels sector, from the United States, Brazil and China, in order to verify how countries have dealt with strategies for adding technology and value to the sector. The methodology of this study is focused on the analysis of data on the economic complexity of the biofuels sector, relating production and innovation indicators, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. Very clear situations are evidenced in terms of international perspectives for the evolution of the biofuels sector among the countries selected in this study. The United States is a world leader in the production of biofuels and also increases its leadership in the technological domain through the generation of patents in Brazil, which is also a major international competitor, however, a less complex sector. In the era of patents, China, despite hardly appearing as a major international producer, has been investing heavily in the generation of new technologies, also betting on the complexity of the sector.

FORMATION AND EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF ENTERPRISES

For most domestic small and medium enterprises is characterized by the use of a system of indicators only of financial performance. Such systems are inconspicuous, because in modern conditions becoming increasingly important: assets of enterprises, market factors, innovation potential, etc. There is a need to form new criteria for assessing the level of innovation potential of enterprises, which would allow to cover all important areas of activity and the success of their interaction with the external environment. The developed systems of indicators are not sufficiently adapted to the Ukrainian realities, therefore they need some improvement and modification, which may be the subject of further research on the formation and increase of innovation potential and innovative development of small and medium enterprises. The article identifies the stages, content and principles of resource potential formation and approaches to assessing the innovation potential of small and medium enterprises. Evaluation indicators, which can be used to obtain comprehensive quantitative and qualitative information about the innovation potential and innovative development of the enterprise, forms a system of economic indicators. The formation and implementation of such a system contributes to sound planning, effective control and operational regulation of the level of innovative development of the enterprise. Based on the basic principles of forming a system of indicators for assessing the level of investment potential of enterprises, known systems of indicators and our own research, we have identified five groups of indicators for assessing the level of innovation potential of enterprises, namely: indicators of product innovation; indicators of resources for innovation (material, financial, labor, energy, information, intangible); indicators of innovation activity; indicators of the management system and indicators of the level of innovative development. Each of these groups characterizes a certain aspect of small and medium business.

Agglomeration and Innovation: An Empirical Study Based on China’s Manufacturing Data

This study explores the relationship between spatial agglomeration and innovation, taking Chinese manufacturing data as an example. Tractable model is built to explain the mechanism through which spatial concentration of firms in a city affects industrial innovation. Then in the empirical analysis, new agglomeration and innovation indicators are used to test the theoretical conclusions at the city-industry level. Results show that the geographical concentration of firms has significant negative effects on industrial innovation and growth. These overall effects can be divided into positive and negative categories after considering the interaction between the industrial labor scale and firm’s spatial agglomeration. Industries with a higher labor scale will bear more crowding effects of firms’ spatial agglomeration. These findings mean that moving to a less concentrated area might be a good choice for the labor-intensive firms which aim at innovation.

Innovation First and Foremost: The Case of Oman's Ranking in the Global Innovation Index

One of the most important reports that evaluate the degree of innovation in countries is the Global Innovation Index (GII). Oman's score has been exceptional from 2013, with experts anticipating it to ascend to the first 40 nations in GII; nevertheless, over the previous two years, the ranking of the country has significantly dropped to 80 in 2019 and is expected to remain to decline after being 57 in 2018. The study's objective is to determine the factors that led to the Oman decline in GII, analyze the involvement of public institutions in this drop in terms of policy change or reform, and explore the societal impact of this drop. Because of a lack of data on the subject, this exploratory, descriptive research used a combination of data collection methods, involving an interview with five specialists and a circulation of 204 survey questionnaires. To achieve uniformity and relevancy, participants were chosen based on the study's themes. This research focused on identifying the factors contributing to the sudden decline in the GII compared to prior years. Additionally, it layout a framework for key stakeholders to execute the major adjustments required to enhance performance in crucial innovation indicators. Finally, it will result in increasing professional and organizational awareness of policy instrumentation in Oman and will offer avenues for future research on this topic and governmental policies that will enhance several of the GII indicators, notwithstanding Oman's drop in ranking.

Understanding the drivers of innovation in an organization: a literature review

Purpose Innovation is an engine that drives the organization and allows it to outcompete in the economic environment. This paper aims to analyze scientific publications between 1980 and January 2021 concerning innovation indicators at organizational and individual levels. The study identifies 11 unique indicators to evaluate innovation, thus enhancing existing knowledge in the domain. Design/methodology/approach A total of 175 randomly selected journal articles were systematically analyzed. Findings While innovation has received significant attention in the commercial sector, the focus on the construct in academic research has remained relatively narrow. The analysis offers a comprehensive view of innovation drivers at an organizational and individual level. Research limitations/implications The literature review offers a deeper understanding of the indicators of innovation impacting organizational performance. Originality/value The analysis and methodology discussed aim to assist managers, researchers and policymakers in comprehending the various innovation indicators; such understanding may enhance individual and organizational efficiency.

The promotion of leasing in oilfield services as a mechanism for the innovative development of the oil and gas industry

Subject. This article focuses on the oilfield service market and innovative development mechanisms for Oil & Gas in particular. Objectives. The study provides the rationale for leasing as a practical mechanism for encouraging the innovative activity of Oil & Gas companies. Methods. The study is based on methods of the analysis, systematization, comparison and matching. Results. We report on the analysis of the development of the oilfield service market as a crucial constituent of the oil and gas industry. The article presents indicators and trends in the development of the oil and gas market worldwide and in Russia. We describe distinctions of the oilfield service market, classify key lines of activities in the industry. The article spotlights key issues of the oilfield service market and displays the current factors shaping trends in the oilfield market development. We analyzed innovation indicators in the industry, the applicable lease schemes, and classified lease companies operating in the oil and gas market. Conclusions and Relevance. The predominance of short-term contracts turns to be a key issue of the oil and gas industry, since companies cannot be assured that technical retrofitting costs be repaid and justified. There should be further research into the practical potential, expanded development and practical guidelines for leasing schemes in the oilfield service market, which will push the innovative activity of companies operating in the industry.