Identifying Nanotechnological Systems of Innovation

2016 ◽  
pp. 305-333
Author(s):  
Flávio J. M. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Developments in nanotechnology have drawn the attention of governments, industry, academia and the public for their potential industrial benefits and their future trends within the innovation domain. The perception that nanotechnology promises important changes holds a rare opportunity to policy-making in its early stages. Understanding nanotechnology innovation process represents a crucial element for designing and implementing relevant, coherent and adequate innovation policy. This chapter proposes the development of an analytical framework to investigate nanotechnology paths. Results suggested that what has been generically labeled as ‘nanotechnology' actually comprises a set of different, but complementary, technologies that may be represented as particular ‘nanotechnological systems of innovation' to be used for analytical and policy designing purposes. The study attempts to contribute for the development of nanotechnology innovation indicators aiming to provide policy-makers with helpful data to support innovation policy design and foster nanotechnology development in Brazil.

Identifying Nanotechnological Systems of Innovation

2017 ◽  
pp. 742-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio J. M. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Indicators ◽  
Rare Opportunity

Developments in nanotechnology have drawn the attention of governments, industry, academia and the public for their potential industrial benefits and their future trends within the innovation domain. The perception that nanotechnology promises important changes holds a rare opportunity to policy-making in its early stages. Understanding nanotechnology innovation process represents a crucial element for designing and implementing relevant, coherent and adequate innovation policy. This chapter proposes the development of an analytical framework to investigate nanotechnology paths. Results suggested that what has been generically labeled as ‘nanotechnology' actually comprises a set of different, but complementary, technologies that may be represented as particular ‘nanotechnological systems of innovation' to be used for analytical and policy designing purposes. The study attempts to contribute for the development of nanotechnology innovation indicators aiming to provide policy-makers with helpful data to support innovation policy design and foster nanotechnology development in Brazil.

Holistic Innovation Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This book is about holistic innovation policy: its theoretical foundations, its problem-oriented approach, and its instrument choices. We start with the observation that most of the current innovation policies are not holistic because they only focus on a few determinants of innovation processes. This book provides a theoretically anchored foundation for the design of holistic innovation policy by identifying the core policy problems that tend to afflict the activities of innovation systems, including the unintended consequences of policy itself. This is a necessary stepping stone for the identification of viable, relevant, and down-to-earth policy solutions. The book also offers a critical analysis of policy instruments and their choice in innovation policy design. It is not a ‘recipe’ nor a ‘how-to’ guide. Instead, it provides analytical depth and substantial considerations about the ways in which policy might be providing solutions to problems in systems of innovation. After introducing its conceptual framework about innovation and innovation policy, the book delves into the following areas of innovation policy-making: knowledge production and research and development; education, training, and skills development; functional procurement as demand-side; change of organizations through entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship; interaction and innovation networks; changing institutions and regulations; and the public financing of early stage innovations. Its critical and novel perspective serves policy-makers, scholars, and anyone interested in the design of innovation policy. The summary chapter (Chapter 12) can be read independently of the rest of the book.

Protest and survive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Political Groups

This chapter offers a critical investigation into the ways in which the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) sought to undermine the official narrative of nuclear weapons and civil defence policy of successive British governments during the last two decades of the Cold War.  The first part of the chapter explores the ways in which CND used the tools of propaganda and parody to turn government advice and publicity surrounding policies of public protection against itself. The second part of the chapter investigates to what extent CND’s activism presented a threat to the process of policy making and to what effect the co-ordinated anti-nuclear campaign by CND and related groups was a cause of anxiety for civil defence planners and policy makers. It asks whether, by offering both the public and political groups of the left alternative politics which sought to challenge the official version of Cold War defence, CND could be said to have contributed to either non-compliance with, or early termination of, civil defence policy.

scholarly journals Keynesian economics: can it return if it never died?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Eichengreen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Appreciation of the Keynesian synthesis was enhanced by the events of the last decade. The global financial crisis highlighted the fragility of financial markets and the capriciousness of animal spirits. The depth of the downturn pointed to the value of not just automatic stabilizers but also discretionary fiscal policy as tools of macroeconomic management. Keynesian models and not their New Classical challengers provided the practical analytical framework for policy design. Models of the anti-Keynesian effects of fiscal consolidation received little support from actual consolidation experience. The secular-stagnation debate that followed the crisis lent legitimacy to the view that policy-makers with fiscal space were wise to use it.

China Emission Trading Scheme: An Up-to-Date Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2788-2790
Author(s):  
Dan Chu ◽  
Ru Guo ◽  
Feng Ting Li
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
National Market ◽  
Real Performance ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading

Becoming the second largest carbon market after the EU ETS in the world, China steadily runs the pilot carbon emission trading markets for more than half year. Political and economical context with Chinese Characteristics cultivated a new market from previous EU ETS. Intensive enterprise compliance in June and July witnessed an examination on policy design and implementation. Do the answers test the real performance and satisfy with domestic policy makers, enterprises and the public? Anyway, insights from existing pilot markets will be useful for future national market also for other emerging regimes.

scholarly journals Uncertainty in science and its role in climate policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1956) ◽  
pp. 4818-4841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Smith ◽  
Nicholas Stern
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Sound Policy ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Is Value ◽  
Design Guidance

Policy-making is usually about risk management. Thus, the handling of uncertainty in science is central to its support of sound policy-making. There is value in scientists engaging in a deep conversation with policy-makers and others, not merely ‘delivering’ results or analyses and then playing no further role. Communicating the policy relevance of different varieties of uncertainty, including imprecision, ambiguity, intractability and indeterminism, is an important part of this conversation. Uncertainty is handled better when scientists engage with policy-makers. Climate policy aims both to alter future risks (particularly via mitigation) and to take account of and respond to relevant remaining risks (via adaptation) in the complex causal chain that begins and ends with individuals. Policy-making profits from learning how to shift the distribution of risks towards less dangerous impacts, even if the probability of events remains uncertain. Immediate value lies not only in communicating how risks may change with time and how those risks may be changed by action, but also in projecting how our understanding of those risks may improve with time (via science) and how our ability to influence them may advance (via technology and policy design). Guidance on the most urgent places to gather information and realistic estimates of when to expect more informative answers is of immediate value, as are plausible estimates of the risk of delaying action. Risk assessment requires grappling with probability and ambiguity (uncertainty in the Knightian sense) and assessing the ethical, logical, philosophical and economic underpinnings of whether a target of ‘50 per cent chance of remaining under +2 ° C' is either ‘right’ or ‘safe’. How do we better stimulate advances in the difficult analytical and philosophical questions while maintaining foundational scientific work advancing our understanding of the phenomena? And provide immediate help with decisions that must be made now?

Israel's Higher Education Innovation Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1765-1795
Author(s):  
Milly Perry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
Education Innovation

Innovation in Higher Education systems has not been regarded as an important issue by policy makers, education stakeholders and leaders; it seems to be regarded as 'nice-to-have' rather than a necessity. Scientific outputs and research findings can be used as input in national-international policies only if researchers and policy-makers cooperate closely, ensure relevance of topics, and improve communication, dissemination, and implementation of research recommendations. The purpose of this study is to present a clear and systematic description of innovation policy statues in the reality of Higher Education systems in Israel. The research was guided by three principal questions: First, to what extent innovation policy exist in Higher Education and in interface policy systems. Secondly, how to inform policy makers of the vital importance of innovation as a key to economic growth, so they can benefit from a better understanding of the innovation process. Third, how to involve policy makers who are aware of the importance of innovation to push for a policy change.

Israel's Higher Education Innovation Policy

2015 ◽  
pp. 229-260
Author(s):  
Milly Perry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
Education Innovation

Innovation in Higher Education systems has not been regarded as an important issue by policy makers, education stakeholders and leaders; it seems to be regarded as 'nice-to-have' rather than a necessity. Scientific outputs and research findings can be used as input in national-international policies only if researchers and policy-makers cooperate closely, ensure relevance of topics, and improve communication, dissemination, and implementation of research recommendations. The purpose of this study is to present a clear and systematic description of innovation policy statues in the reality of Higher Education systems in Israel. The research was guided by three principal questions: First, to what extent innovation policy exist in Higher Education and in interface policy systems. Secondly, how to inform policy makers of the vital importance of innovation as a key to economic growth, so they can benefit from a better understanding of the innovation process. Third, how to involve policy makers who are aware of the importance of innovation to push for a policy change.

Political Action, Error and Failure: The Epistemological Limits of Complexity

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Little
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epistemological Obstacles

The trend in government and public policy towards evidence-based policy making has recently been the subject of criticism from authors such as Ian Sanderson who argue that the insights of complexity theory undermine the claims of evidence that these forms of policy design advocate. While taking on board the primary claim of this critique, this article examines the contribution of complexity theory in more detail to suggest that the epistemological obstacles that complexity science identifies also challenge the kind of pragmatic, deliberative model that Sanderson prefers. Instead, it examines the work of Michael Freeden on failure and Michel Foucault on error to demonstrate the ways in which approaches that are less wedded to epistemological certainty can enable policy makers to think more creatively about the complex terrain they must navigate and develop more innovative and less risk-averse forms of political action.

A Look Under the Hood: Regulatory Policy Making and the Affordable Care Act

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon F. Haeder ◽  
Susan Webb Yackee
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Regulatory Actions

Abstract The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law a decade ago. Partisanship has limited the number of statutory changes, leaving the law mostly unchanged across the past 10 years. However, the ACA delegated vast powers to the executive branch, which opened the door for significant regulatory policy-making activities (also called “rulemaking”). We collected data on all regulatory actions related to the Affordable Care Act that have been taken since its passage to provide the first exploratory analyses of both the public law itself and the ensuing rulemaking activities. We also provide illustrative examples of two controversial issues: short-term limited-duration insurance plans and contraceptive coverage for women. Despite relative statutory stasis, regulatory actions have continued to shape the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Both the Obama and Trump administrations have taken advantage of a vast delegation of policy-making power. Importantly, regulatory policy making holds the potential to yield significant changes depending on the policy goals of the presidential administration. Scholars, policy makers, and the public are well-advised to pay attention to ACA-related rulemaking activities. Moreover, “quasi-rulemaking” (i.e., the use of agency guidance as a policy tool) remains largely unexplored but could indicate an even greater regulatory enterprise than illustrated here.

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