European Welfare Programs in the Era of Immigration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Spies
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Household Survey Data

As mass immigration is a relatively recent phenomenon in Europe, it encounters states in which mature welfare regimes have already been in place for several decades. Therefore, the chapter starts with an overview of the most important welfare programs in Europe, according to their degree of universalism, the generosity of their replacement rates, means testing, and their redistributive character—asking how much they resemble the welfare or social security part of the US regime. It is shown that the institutional indicators explain a lot about the size of social expenditure budgets, and that programs with high middle-class involvement spend significantly more. Using EU-household survey data, Chapter 3 also offers an overview of how immigrants fare in the different programs, including immigrants’ welfare dependency, and discusses how this is related to the share of benefits they receive compared with the native population.

Immigration, Immigration-Related Concerns, and Welfare Support in Europe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Spies
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The chapter analyzes the effect of immigration on program-specific welfare support among ten European countries. The findings indicate that as far as individual attitudes are concerned the pattern found in the US recurs in Europe. In line with the New Progressive Dilemma (NPD) literature, there is indeed much evidence that immigration has lowered support for at least some welfare programs—and especially for those that disproportionally benefit foreign-born citizens. There is also considerable evidence of anti-immigrant sentiments among Europeans, who would be willing to support policies of welfare chauvinism. Furthermore, the impact of immigration on general welfare support appears to be dependent on the program’s degree of middle-class involvement with universal programs generating far less conflict than targeted ones.

scholarly journals Middle class vulnerability to covid-19 pandemic effects and government measures in Metropolitan Lima

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Hans Adrian Bürkli Bürkli ◽  
Jorge Hernández Garavito ◽  
Diego Alberto Mendoza García ◽  
Franco Alberto Riva Zaferson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Study Results ◽  
National Household Survey ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Definition Of

Using National Household Survey data, this study examines the situation of Peruvian middle class households in Metropolitan Lima and Callao prior to the COVID-19 pandemic through financial and non-financial variables in order to identify vulnerability factors in the overall population and in income quintiles.The analysis has revealed that health, income and labor are the most vulnerable indicators and could be heavily affected by government measures against COVID-19, such as mandatory social isolation (lockdown), social distancing, and movement and gathering restrictions. In this context, households in the lowest quintile are substantially more susceptible to falling into poverty due to economic instability, labor informality and lack of social protection. The study results suggest that the definition of “vulnerability” needs to go beyond poverty measurements to improve the focalization of government policies and strategies in similar crises.

scholarly journals Drawing a Line: Comparing the Estimation of Top Incomes Between Tax Data and Household Survey Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishant Yonzan ◽  
Branko Milanovic ◽  
Salvatore Morelli ◽  
Janet C. Gornick
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Definition Of

The paper uses the flexibility of household survey data to align their income categories and recipient units with the income categories and units found in data produced by tax authorities. Our analyses, based on a standardized definition of fiscal income, allow us to locate, for top-income groups, the sources of discrepancy. We find, using the cases of the United States, Germany, and France, that the results from survey-based and tax data correspond extremely well (in terms of total income, mean income, composition of income, and income shares) above the 90th percentile and up to the top 1 percent of the distribution. Information about income composition, available in the US, allows us to investigate the determinants of this gap in the US. About three-fourths of the tax/survey gap is due to differences in non-labor incomes, especially self-employment (business) income. The gap itself may be due to tax-induced re-classification of income from corporate to personal or/and to lower ability of surveys to capture top 1 percent incomes. (Stone Center Working Paper Series)

Queens of the Desert: Convictism and Marital Attitudes across Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Victoria Baranov ◽  
Ralph De Haas ◽  
Pauline Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Founder Populations ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Combined Data

We merge data on spatial variation in the presence of convicts across eighteenth and nineteenth century Australia with results from the country's 2017 poll on same-sex marriage and with household survey data. These combined data allow us to identify the lasting impact of convict colonization on social norms about marriage. We find that in areas with higher historical convict concentrations, more Australians recently voted in favor of same-sex marriage and hold liberal views about marriage more generally. Our results highlight how founder populations can have lasting effects on locally held social norms.

scholarly journals The Nexus between Rural Household Livelihoods and Agricultural Functions: Evidence from China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Bencheng Liu ◽  
Yangang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cultural Function ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Farming Households

Understanding the relationship between households’ livelihoods and agricultural functions is important for regulating and balancing households’ and macrosocieties’ agricultural functional needs and formulating better agricultural policies and rural revitalization strategies. This paper uses peasant household survey data obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and statistical analysis methods, to analyze the differences in livelihood assets and agricultural functions of households with different livelihood strategies and the relationship between livelihood assets and agricultural functions. Households are categorized based on their livelihood strategies as full-time farming households, part-time farming I households, part-time farming II households, and non-farming households. The agricultural product supply and negative effects of the ecological service function of full-time farming households are higher than those of part-time farming and non-farming households. Part-time farming I households have the strongest social security function, while non-farming households have the weakest social security function. Non-farming households have the strongest leisure and cultural function, while part-time farming I households have the weakest leisure and cultural function. Households’ demand for agricultural functions is affected by livelihood assets. Effective measures should be taken to address contradictions in the agricultural functional demands of households and macrosocieties.

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