The Years of Victory, 1939–1940

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Pastoral Letters ◽  
Second World

This chapter analyses how German Catholics responded to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, and continues its analysis until the fall of France in summer 1940. It explores how clergymen understood the conflict theologically, and the forms of patriotism embraced by laypeople and clergymen alike to justify involvement in the war. A particular focus of this chapter is on German Catholics’ responses to the Nazi regime’s treatment of Polish co-religionists—both in Poland itself, but also the Rhineland and Westphalia, where many Polish POWs and forced labourers were based as of autumn 1939. This chapter concludes by examining German Catholics’ responses to the defeat of France, and their attitudes at this height of the Nazi regime’s successes. Throughout its analysis, the chapter unpacks the diversity of Catholic perspectives, through the diaries and letters of laypeople as well as the pastoral letters and sermons of the clergy.

Of Collapses and Rebirths

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Allied Occupation ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
Second World ◽  
Power And Influence

This chapter analyses German Catholics’ transitions from war to peace during the mid-1940s. Beginning its analysis in summer 1944, the chapter initially explores Catholics’ attitudes as the Reich collapsed under the weight of Allied offensives, and the theological frameworks employed to understand this devastation and defeat. The chapter then proceeds to examine the reasons behind the Catholic Church’s rising power and influence over the later 1940s during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland and Westphalia, and considers whether this reflected continuity or discontinuity from its position during the Second World War itself. The chapter argues that the Catholic Church’s newfound influence during the early post-war period reflected the peculiar circumstances of foreign occupation, with the clergy emerging as champions of the German population’s grievances vis-à-vis the Allied occupiers in the absence of secular German authorities.

scholarly journals Episkopat wobec integralności ziem polskich po II wojnie światowej. Wybrane problemy z najnowszej literatury i źródeł

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-122
Author(s):  
Ryszard Gryz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Pastoral Letters ◽  
Second World ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The article presents selected issues concerning Polish Primates cardinal August Hlond and cardinal Stefan Wyszyński and other bishops’ engagement in the case of emergence and stabilisation of the Polish church administration on the Western and Northern Lands after World War II. It covers the most important stages in the chronology of events related to this topic (1945 – 1951 – 1956 – 1972). The most significant decisions were made in August 1945, when five apostolic administrations were created for the dioceses of Warmia and Gdańsk, Gorzów, Opole Silesia and Lower Silesia. In June 1972, after the Bundestag’s ratification of the border agreement between the Polish People's Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, the temporary nature of the Polish ecclesiastical structures on the so-called Recovered Territories came to an end. In his bull “Episcoporum Poloniae coetus”, Pope Paul VI liquidated apostolic administrations and created four new dioceses (Gorzów, Koszalin-Kołobrzeg, Szczecin-Kamieńsk and Opole). In the twenty-seven-year long process of stabilisation of the Polish ecclesiastical structures, the position of successive Popes and the Holy See was decisive. They were taking into account the views of the German and Polish episcopates and the state of Polish-German relations in the matter of the boundary line approval. The most active among the Polish hierarchy was Bishop Bolesław Kominek (apostolic administrator in Opole, archbishop of Wrocław, and cardinal). The basis of the article’s synthetic narrative is the selection of the latest Polish publications on state-church relations in Poland after the Second World War, and source editions. The personal notes of Primate Wyszyński – “Pro memoria”, pastoral letters of the Polish Episcopate, announcements of the Episcopal Conference of Poland, and official statements of bishops, among others, were used.

scholarly journals Geostrategic Essence of the Bay of Bengal & Its Implications on the Energy Security: A Bangladesh Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Md.Aslam Hossain Jony Jony ◽  
Shiblee Nomani
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Second World ◽  
India And China ◽  
Global Powers

The Bay of Bengal has received huge interest from global powers after the Second World War. The rivalry between India and China exists for decades. The research aims to showcase the Geostrategic essence of the Bay of Bengal and its implication on energy security through the perspective of Bangladesh. The paper also focuses on the complexities created on energy security by Sino-Indian rivalry and vice versa along with the challenges for Bangladesh’s energy security as well as regional peace and harmony. Finally, the research paper would employ its analysis to illustrate some possibly reliable recommendations to mitigate the complexities of energy security in the Bay of Bengal region. 

scholarly journals The transfer of ashes after the Holocaust in Europe, 1945–60

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dreyfus
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
World War ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Second World

From 1945 until around 1960, ceremonies of a new kind took place throughout Europe to commemorate the Holocaust and the deportation of Jews; ashes would be taken from the site of a concentration camp, an extermination camp, or the site of a massacre and sent back to the deportees country of origin (or to Israel). In these countries, commemorative ceremonies were then organised and these ashes (sometimes containing other human remains) placed within a memorial or reburied in a cemetery. These transfers of ashes have, however, received little attention from historical researchers. This article sets out to describe a certain number of them, all differing considerably from one another, before drawing up a typology of this phenomenon and attempting its analysis. It investigates the symbolic function of ashes in the aftermath of the Second World War and argues that these transfers – as well as having a mimetic relationship to transfers of relics – were also instruments of political legitimisation.

‘Scottish Control of Scottish Affairs’

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
David Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Nationalist Sentiment ◽  
Second World

This chapter continues its analysis of Scottish Conservative ‘nationalist unionism’ by tracing the evolution of the party’s more ostentatiously nationalist ‘Scottish Control of Scottish Affairs’ agenda after the Second World War. This was the consequence of several forces in Scottish and British politics, chiefly rising nationalist sentiment in Scottish society (though the SNP remained weak) and the then Labour government’s centralising policies in relation to nationalised industries. Sensing an opportunity, Scottish Unionists made a nationalist ‘offer’ to the electorate, which helped the party recover at general elections in 1950 and 1951. By outbidding Labour with its Scottish policy agenda, Scottish Unionists were able to present themselves as the most ‘Scottish’ party and the most credible defenders of its distinctiveness within the Union. At the same time, Labour was depicted as ‘anti-Scottish’ and the Home Rule movement (which wanted legislative as well as administrative devolution) as too extreme.

Dead of Night

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jez Conolly ◽  
David Owain Bates
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
World War ◽  
Ghost Story ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World ◽  
Selection Of

Released a matter of days after the end of the Second World War and a dozen years ahead of the first full-blooded Hammer Horror, the Ealing Studios horror anthology film Dead of Night featured contributions from some of the finest directors, writers and technicians ever to work in British film. Since its release it has become ever more widely regarded as a keystone in the architecture of horror cinema, both nationally and internationally, yet for a film that packs such a reputation this is the first time a single book has been dedicated to its analysis. Beginning with a brief plot-precis ‘road map’ in order to aid navigation through the film's stories, there follows a discussion of Dead of Night's individual stories, including its frame tale (‘Linking Narrative’), a consideration of the potency of stillness and the suspension of time as devices for eliciting goose bumps, an appraisal of the film in relation to the very English tradition of the festive ghost story, and an analysis of the British post-war male gender crisis embodied by a number of the film's protagonists. The book includes a selection of rarely seen pre-production designs produced by the film's acclaimed production designer, Michael Relph.

German Catholicism at War, 1939-1945

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practice ◽  
German Society ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pastoral Letters ◽  
Second World ◽  
Source Materials

This book is a study of German Catholics’ mentalities and experiences during the Second World War. Taking the German Home Front, and most specifically, the Rhineland and Westphalia, as its core focus, the book explores Catholics’ responses to developments in the war, their complex and shifting relationships with the Nazi regime, and religious practices. Drawing on a wide range of source materials stretching from personal diaries to pastoral letters and Gestapo reports, this study explores the attitudes of laypeople, lower clergymen and the episcopate alike, and enriches our understandings of the roles played by religious belief and community in wartime German society. Individual chapters analyse how German Catholics responded to the outbreak of war, Bishop Galen’s protests against ‘euthanasia’ in summer 1941, and the turning tide of war during the years 1942-44. Thematic chapters explore the social and cultural histories of religious practice on the German Home Front, and a final section addresses the German Church’s transition from war to peace in 1945.

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