Silver Fragmentation

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Marek Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Anticlockwise Direction ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Monetary Circulation ◽  
Baltic Area ◽  
Degree Of Fragmentation

This chapter explores the phenomenon of silver fragmentation from the evidence of silver hoards deposited in the Baltic area. Focusing on the evidence of dirhams, it charts an increase in silver fragmentation in an anticlockwise direction around the Baltic Sea. This culminates in hoards from the west Slavic lands (Poland and eastern Germany), in which dirham fragments often weigh just fractions of a gram. Chronological and geographical patterns are presented to suggest that the degree of dirham fragmentation reflects not local monetary circulation, but the number of times dirhams changed hands in commercial transactions. In this sense, the degree of fragmentation reflects the distance dirhams travelled from their source. The implication is that silver was above all a means of payment in transactions related to the long-distance trade—especially in slaves and furs.

scholarly journals Parallel speciation or long-distance dispersal? Lessons from seaweeds (Fucus ) in the Baltic Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Pereyra ◽  
C. Huenchuñir ◽  
D. Johansson ◽  
H. Forslund ◽  
L. Kautsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Baltic

Organohalogens of Natural and Industrial Origin in Large Recipients of Bleach-Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grimvall ◽  
H. Borén ◽  
S. Jonsson ◽  
S. Karlsson ◽  
R. Sävenhed
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Organic Halogens

The long-term fate of chlorophenols and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) was studied in two large recipients of bleach-plant effluents: Lake Vättern in Sweden and the Baltic Sea. The study showed that there is a long-distance transport (>100 km) of chloroguaiacols from bleach-plants to remote parts of receiving waters. However, there was no evidence of several-year-long accumulation of chloro-organics in the water-phase. A simple water-exchange model for Lake Vättern showed that the cumulated bleach-plant discharges from the past 35 years would have increased the AOX concentration in the lake by more than 100 µg Cl/l, if no AOX had been removed from the water by evaporation, sedimentation or degradation. However, the observed AOX concentration in Lake Vättern averaged only about 15 µg Cl/l, which was less than the average AOX concentration (32 µg Cl/l) in the “unpolluted” tributaries of the lake. Similar investigations in the Baltic Sea showed that non-point sources, including natural halogenation processes, accounted for a substantial fraction of the AOX in the open sea. The presence of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in precipitation and “unpolluted” surface waters showed that non-point sources may also make a considerable contribution to the background levels of compounds normally regarded as indicators of bleach-plant effluents.

scholarly journals CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauthe-Schöch ◽  
A. Weigelt ◽  
M. Hermann ◽  
B. G. Martinsson ◽  
A. K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Volcanic Clouds ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the volcanic clouds. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic cloud sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic clouds.

scholarly journals CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic plumes in April/May 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 16693-16744 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauthe-Schöch ◽  
A. Weigelt ◽  
M. Hermann ◽  
B. G. Martinsson ◽  
A. K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a versatile and comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 May and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the plumes. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic plume sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic plumes.

scholarly journals Wind of Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanel Rander
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Local People ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Nuclear Missiles ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Way ◽  
Led Zeppelin

What remains of the Soviet identity for those who grew up in an empire that started in the Baltic sea and ended in Kamchatka? What kind of post-Soviet cultural combos have been produced afterwards? Was it bizarre to listen to Led Zeppelin and Nirvana while being targeted with nuclear missiles from the West? In a retrospective way and engaging with the collective memory of his home country, Estonia, the author reflects on different narratives of Europeanisation, shame and peripherality and the way local people embodied them.

scholarly journals Invasive Populations of Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Saint Petersburg, Russia: a “Hitchhiker”?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Selikhovkin ◽  
Boris G. Popovichev ◽  
Sergey A. Merkuryev ◽  
Mark G. Volkovitsh ◽  
Rimvys Vasaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
The Baltic

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle of East Asian origin that in North America and Russia killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). In September 2020, EAB was de-tected in Saint Petersburg, becoming resonant event for the metropolitan city. The aim of the present study was to investigate occurrence and ecology of EAB in Saint Petersburg. The presence of two distinct enclave populations of EAB was revealed, each of which has (very likely) been established by separate events of “hitchhiking” transport vehicles. Following the invasion, further spread of EAB in Saint Petersburg was slow and locally restricted, main explanation for which is climatic factor. Due to spread by “hitchhiking”, the possibility of EAB further long-distance ge-ographic spread of EAB in the Baltic Sea region (EU) is high, and not only by ground transport (120–130 km distance from EU borders), but also by ferries transporting cars (traditional means of transportation across the Baltic Sea). In certain cases, development of EAB on F. excelsior was more successful (stem portion colonized, larval densities, number of galleries, exit holes, viable larvae, emerged beetles) than in (adjacent) F. pennsylvanica trees. Observed relatively high EAB-sensitivity of F. excelsior therefore questions the efficacy and benefits of the currently ongoing selection and breeding projects against ash dieback (ADB), caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Inventory, mapping, and monitoring of surviving F. excelsior trees in areas infested by both ADB and EAB are necessary to acquire genetic resource for work on strategic long-term restoration of F. excelsior, tackling (inevitable) invasion of EAB to the EU.

scholarly journals Philichthys xiphiae (Copepoda; Philichthyidae) – an interesting cranium parasite of the swordfish Xiphias gladius collected from the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Leszek Rolbiecki ◽  
Bartłomiej Arciszewski ◽  
Joanna N. Izdebska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Xiphias Gladius ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Area ◽  
Skull Bones

Abstract The swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758, is a fish that sporadically enters the Baltic Sea. The present paper describes the identification of a very rarely recorded and poorly studied copepod of the family Philichthyidae – Philichthys xiphiae Steenstrup, 1862 – in a dead swordfish found on a sea beach in Dźwirzyno (Poland) in 2016. Philichthyidae are parasites inhabiting the sensory canals in the lateral line and skull bones of marine fish. In the present case, two P. xiphiae females were found, which constitutes the first record of the species in the Baltic area.

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