scholarly journals Invasive Populations of Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Saint Petersburg, Russia: a “Hitchhiker”?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Selikhovkin ◽  
Boris G. Popovichev ◽  
Sergey A. Merkuryev ◽  
Mark G. Volkovitsh ◽  
Rimvys Vasaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
The Baltic

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle of East Asian origin that in North America and Russia killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). In September 2020, EAB was de-tected in Saint Petersburg, becoming resonant event for the metropolitan city. The aim of the present study was to investigate occurrence and ecology of EAB in Saint Petersburg. The presence of two distinct enclave populations of EAB was revealed, each of which has (very likely) been established by separate events of “hitchhiking” transport vehicles. Following the invasion, further spread of EAB in Saint Petersburg was slow and locally restricted, main explanation for which is climatic factor. Due to spread by “hitchhiking”, the possibility of EAB further long-distance ge-ographic spread of EAB in the Baltic Sea region (EU) is high, and not only by ground transport (120–130 km distance from EU borders), but also by ferries transporting cars (traditional means of transportation across the Baltic Sea). In certain cases, development of EAB on F. excelsior was more successful (stem portion colonized, larval densities, number of galleries, exit holes, viable larvae, emerged beetles) than in (adjacent) F. pennsylvanica trees. Observed relatively high EAB-sensitivity of F. excelsior therefore questions the efficacy and benefits of the currently ongoing selection and breeding projects against ash dieback (ADB), caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Inventory, mapping, and monitoring of surviving F. excelsior trees in areas infested by both ADB and EAB are necessary to acquire genetic resource for work on strategic long-term restoration of F. excelsior, tackling (inevitable) invasion of EAB to the EU.

scholarly journals Woolly Ash Aphid Prociphilus Fraxinifolii (Riley, 1879) (Hemiptera: Eriosomatidae), A New Invasive Alien Pest of Ash Trees (Fraxinus) in Russia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieńkowski ◽  
Marina Orlova-Bienkowskaja
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
First Record ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Alien Pest

Woolly ash aphid or ash leaf curl aphid Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Riley, 1879) is an alien invasive pest of ash trees native to North America. After its first record in Europe in 2003 in Hungary it has spread to the Ukraine, Serbia, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Spain, Poland and Germany. In 2016 P. fraxinifolii was firstly recorded at the southwestern border of Russia. Now Prociphilus fraxinifolii is firstly recorded in the center of European Russia, namely in Moscow Region, which is more than 700 km far from all other known localities of the species. In September 2017 five groups of ash trees (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) with colonies of Prociphilus fraxinifolii were found in Moscow Region. The example of Prociphilus fraxinifolii shows that alien pest insects can spread in Europe very quickly. Now Moscow region is the only regions of Europe, where the expanding range of Prociphilus fraxinifolii has overlapped with expanding ranges of other invasive alien species established in Europe in the last 20 years and severely damaging ash trees: ash dieback fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Baral et al., 2014 (Ascomycota) and emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae).

scholarly journals Parallel speciation or long-distance dispersal? Lessons from seaweeds (Fucus ) in the Baltic Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Pereyra ◽  
C. Huenchuñir ◽  
D. Johansson ◽  
H. Forslund ◽  
L. Kautsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Baltic

Organohalogens of Natural and Industrial Origin in Large Recipients of Bleach-Plant Effluents

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grimvall ◽  
H. Borén ◽  
S. Jonsson ◽  
S. Karlsson ◽  
R. Sävenhed
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Organic Halogens

The long-term fate of chlorophenols and adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) was studied in two large recipients of bleach-plant effluents: Lake Vättern in Sweden and the Baltic Sea. The study showed that there is a long-distance transport (>100 km) of chloroguaiacols from bleach-plants to remote parts of receiving waters. However, there was no evidence of several-year-long accumulation of chloro-organics in the water-phase. A simple water-exchange model for Lake Vättern showed that the cumulated bleach-plant discharges from the past 35 years would have increased the AOX concentration in the lake by more than 100 µg Cl/l, if no AOX had been removed from the water by evaporation, sedimentation or degradation. However, the observed AOX concentration in Lake Vättern averaged only about 15 µg Cl/l, which was less than the average AOX concentration (32 µg Cl/l) in the “unpolluted” tributaries of the lake. Similar investigations in the Baltic Sea showed that non-point sources, including natural halogenation processes, accounted for a substantial fraction of the AOX in the open sea. The presence of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in precipitation and “unpolluted” surface waters showed that non-point sources may also make a considerable contribution to the background levels of compounds normally regarded as indicators of bleach-plant effluents.

scholarly journals Influence of St. Petersburg urban rivers on the inflow of pollutants into the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Stepan Klubov ◽  
Victor Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

The results of the calculation of the inflow of pollutants into the Gulf of Finland with the outflow from Saint Petersburg watercourses are considered. Data of regular hydrochemical observations by State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of Saint Petersburg” for 2018 were used for the calculation. The contribution of the megalopolis of Saint Petersburg to change of the pollutants inflow is estimated.

scholarly journals CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauthe-Schöch ◽  
A. Weigelt ◽  
M. Hermann ◽  
B. G. Martinsson ◽  
A. K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Volcanic Clouds ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the volcanic clouds. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic cloud sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic clouds.

scholarly journals CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic plumes in April/May 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 16693-16744 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauthe-Schöch ◽  
A. Weigelt ◽  
M. Hermann ◽  
B. G. Martinsson ◽  
A. K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a versatile and comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 May and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the plumes. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic plume sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic plumes.

scholarly journals Lessons from the Frontline: Exploring How Stakeholders May Respond to Emerald Ash Borer Management in Europe

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Marzano ◽  
Clare Hall ◽  
Norman Dandy ◽  
Cherie LeBlanc Fisher ◽  
Andrea Diss-Torrance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Management Approaches

The emerald ash borer (EAB) has caused extensive damage and high mortality to native ash trees (Fraxinus; sp.) in North America. As European countries battle with the deadly pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback) affecting European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), there is concern that the arrival of EAB will signal the demise of this much-loved tree. While Europe prepares for EAB it is vital that we understand the social dimensions that will likely influence the social acceptability of potential management measures, and experiences from the USA can potentially guide this. We draw on differing sources including a literature review, documentary analysis, and consultation with key informants from Chicago and the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul. In this paper, we focus on EAB management responses that involve chemical applications, tree felling and replanting, and biological control, and assess their likely social acceptability to stakeholders based on the perceived risks and benefits. Benefits involve protecting specific ash trees and slowing the spread of EAB across the landscape. Risks include collateral harm from insecticide use on human and environmental health, financial costs and liabilities, and the effectiveness of each approach. Biological control and replacing ash with other species are likely to be largely acceptable across contexts and stakeholder groups but pre-emptive felling and insecticide application could be more problematic if seeking widespread social acceptance. Based on our observations from the evidence collected we offer suggestions for approaching EAB management in Europe with a focus on improving prospects of social acceptability. Strong engagement will be necessary to establish the relevance and reason for using different management approaches and to build awareness and trust.

scholarly journals Decline of Fraxinus excelsior L. in parks of Saint Petersburg: Who is to blame – Hymenoscyphus fraxineus or Diplodia spp.?

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Shabunin ◽  
Andrey V. Selikhovkin ◽  
Elena Yu. Varentsova ◽  
Dmitry L. Musolin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
European Ash

Abstract The weakening and decline of European ash Fraxinus excelsior L. and other ash species have been recorded at different locations in the suburbs of Saint Petersburg, Russia. During the summer of 2019 and spring of 2020, samples from leaves, petioles, and shoots were collected from the weakened and declining ash trees in three parks in Pushkin and Gatchina and maintained in humid chambers to induce the fructification of fungi. In total, 30 taxa of micromycetes belonging to 23 genera were identified using methods of light microscopy. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, a putative agent of ash dieback, was not recorded in the samples collected in the crowns of trees, but only on the petioles of the fallen leaves in spring. Out of all the micromycetes recorded, only coelomycetes from the genus Diplodia Fr. (in particular, D. mutila) can damage the branches of ash trees and, thus, be considered pathogenic. It is likely that H. fraxineus opens “the entry of infection” and Diplodia spp. cause the major weakening and decline of branches. The data obtained can significantly change our understanding of the causes of ash dieback and possible methods of ash stand preservation. The reason for the low pathogenicity and activity of H. fraxineus, as well as the possible role of ascomycetes Diplodia spp. in the dieback of ash stands requires further research.

scholarly journals Information report on the VII Congress of Obstetricians-Gynecologists of the Baltic Sea Countries and the I Russian Seminar of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, held in St. Petersburg on May 12-15, 1999

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-92
Author(s):  
A. V. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
European Association ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Care Support

The VII Congress of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of the Baltic Sea Countries and the I Russian Seminar of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine were held in the concert hall of the St. Petersburg Hotel on May 12-15, 1999. The Congress was organized in collaboration with the International Scientific Committee of Obstetricians-Gynecologists of the Baltic Sea States, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of RAMS, Administrations of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Region, Association of Obstetricians-Gynecologists of Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Region and Regional Public Organization of Health Care Support "Medelita". A significant role in the organization of the Congress belonged to the St. Petersburg firm "BIMK-Cardio", a recipient of the "Public Recognition of St. Petersburg" mark for 1997 and 1998.

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