A Mediterranean history

2020 ◽  
pp. x-33
Author(s):  
John D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Bridge Connections

The Mediterranean region has had a long and complex history. The phasing of three main historical elements forms a Mediterranean triptych: geology, climate, and human activities. The geological fragmentation of the Mediterranean into distinct microregions and tectonic movement of its different microplates has continually reshaped the configuration of the terrestrial landscapes, islands, and mountains. Many areas have been land bridge connections across the sea. The Mediterranean region has a characteristic climate, the essential element of which is the occurrence of a summer drought. Although initial trends towards aridity are ancient, the Mediterranean climate only dates to the Pliocene. Climatic oscillations since its onset have caused sea level changes, influencing the appearance and disappearance of land bridge connections across different parts of the Mediterranean Sea, causing species’ range sizes to expand and contract in repeated phases. Finally, nowhere else in Europe has had such a long history of human presence and activity. In the last three millennia, the impact of human activities on the landscape has been dramatic in terms of the evolution of the mosaic landscape we now observe. The phased history of these three factors is at the heart of plant evolution in the Mediterranean.

Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean: Insights for conservation brings together a diverse literature on the Mediterranean flora in a detailed but synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central themes of ecological dynamics and evolutionary differentiation are developed at two spatial scales: habitat variation across the landscape and biogeographic processes across the Mediterranean. The history of the Mediterranean region is at the heart of this account and is described within a triptych that links geological and climatic history to the advent and history of human activities. The Mediterranean region is a hotspot of plant biodiversity, a key ingredient of which is its richness in endemic species. A primary question motivating this book concerns the role of historical factors and spatial environmental variation in the evolution of endemism. The Mediterranean landscape is a mosaic of ecological conditions, often with variation over short distances. A second focus is on the ecological and historical factors that mediate dispersal, reproduction, and adaptive trait variation in this mosaic landscape. With an ever-growing human footprint on the Mediterranean region, this book addresses a third major theme concerning the vulnerability and conservation of the flora. Alongside a traditional approach to rare species and protected area management, the book argues for the integration of the loss of evolutionary potential as a priority in conservation policy and practice. This accessible text is aimed at students and researchers in plant evolution, ecology, biogeography, and conservation science. It will be of interest to scientists and natural history societies worldwide.

scholarly journals Russia in Greater Mediterranean: New Pacific Eurasian Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-458
Author(s):  
Ivan Alexandrovich Chikharev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

The relevance of the issues raised in the article is related to the active return of Russia to the Mediterranean region, as well as the international political transformations taking place in it. The purpose of the article is to identify the historical foundations, current state and strategic prospects of Russias presence and international influence in the Greater Mediterranean region. The article is based on the methodology of critical geopolitics, historical and comparative approaches, which critically analyze the geopolitical structures of the region, built in the interests of various regional and extra-regional political forces. The historical material of the ancient, medieval, new and modern periods in the history of the macro-region is used, including the poorly studied times of the Mongol presence on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Scientific works on the history, geography and international relations in the region, written in the 18th - 19th centuries, as well as modern scientific information on the trends of technological, infrastructural and political development of the Mediterranean region are introduced into scientific circulation. An important element of the article is the thesis about the special role of Russia in the Pacific-European (Eurasian) transit. From the authors point of view, it includes not only the full implementation of Russias transport and logistics potential in the macro-region, but also the transfer of modern technologies, as well as the promotion of the formation of sustainable political regimes. As a result, a conclusion is made about the deep historical foundations of Russias presence and influence in the region, its strategic prospects are justified, and the main directions of our countrys international activities in the Mediterranean region are highlighted. An important conclusion of the article is the thesis about the need for a multilateral balanced approach to solving macro-regional problems.

Investigation of the Climate Change Effects on the Mediterranean Region with the Hypothetical inclusion of the Istanbul Isthmus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

<p>A debate on the probable Istanbul Isthmus Project that may have catastrophic impacts on our ecosystem has been recently accelerated in public, due to the fact that the approved environmental impact assessment (EIA) report of the hypothetical Istanbul Isthmus (HII) Project has recently been announced. The EIA report indicates that the assessment covers only the current conditions and the conditions that may arise during the construction of the HII. Unfortunately, The EIA report did not evaluate the climate change impact on either the Istanbul Area or Mediterranean Region after the inclusion of the HII, only the current conditions were evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of HII on the climate of the Mediterranean Region. The climate version of the WRF Model is utilized with 9 km resolution for the Region 12: Mediterranean (CORDEX) for the historical conditions and RCP8.5 scenarios of available climate model results from CMIP5 and CMIP6 projects. Land surface and land use maps are prepared by following the EIA report if the necessary information is included, otherwise, the current conditions are applied. The atmospheric conditions were not coupled to an Ocean Model, only the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) values of the Ocean Models are coupled to the WRF model during both historical and future simulations. The model results are evaluated in terms of temperature, precipitation, and sea-level changes. Consequently, the results indicate that the HII may decrease the resilience of the Mediterranean Region to Climate Change.</p>

Human and livestock migrations: a history of bot fly biodiversity in the Mediterranean region

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Otranto ◽  
Jamie R. Stevens ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Philippe Dorchies
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals KONTEKS LAHIR DAN BERKEMBANGNYA KEKRISTENAN MULA-MULA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detty Manongko
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Robust System ◽  
The Mediterranean

The history of Christianity need to be examined to find facts about the birth and growth of Christianity. That early Christianity was born in a certain area, in a certain situation and condition that it is never repeated throughout the history of mankind. In the first three centuries in the Mediterranean region, has developed a robust system of government, namely the Roman Empire, so that businesses spread of Christianiny from one place to another has been supported by adequate infrastructure. The development of Greek Philosophy teaching at the time of the birth of Christianity also has contributed strongly to the Christian teacher to perform its mission. Even in the early days of Christianity has some overlap of understanding between Christianity and Judaism because it is difficult to distinguish who the real proselytes and who the followers of Christianity, apears between Christianity and Judaism have led to the same source. So the world where Christianity was born and developed is not something that is nil. The context of the Roman Empire, and Judaism heve influenced very meaningful to early Christianity, especially at the beginning of three centuries. Context as it continually faced Christianity throughout the world over the centuries to the present.

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