“A Political Maze Based on the Shifting Sands”

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tromly
Keyword(s):  
West Germany ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Wing Movement ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
Divided Germany

Chapter 2 examines Russian exile politics of the late 1940s, when anti-communist organizations emerged in the displaced-person camps of West Germany. The early efforts of White exiles to forge a right-wing movement went awry. The younger Vlasovites, Soviet subjects until the recent war, resisted pressure to take up the cause of historic Russia. A postwar Vlasov movement emerged but became mired in the murky espionage world of divided Germany. The exiles found backers in the Gehlen Organization, an intelligence outfit assembled from Hitler’s defunct military intelligence unit Fremde Heere Ost (Foreign Armies East) which received funding from the US army after the war. However, the intermixing of anti-communist politics and espionage threw the Vlasov movement into chaos. The Gehlen Organization funded clashing exile clans, while Soviet intelligence stepped up efforts to paralyze the anti-communist circles through penetration agents and harassment—all of which virtually paralyzed the exiles’ nascent anti-communist agendas.

John Bond Trevor, Radicals, Eugenics, and Immigration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Scare ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us

This chapter examines John Bond Trevor's contribution to anticommunism. Trevor is probably the only man who significantly influenced both the doctrinal evolution of anticommunism and the revolutionary immigration acts of the early 1920s. As director of the New York City branch of the US Army Military Intelligence Division (MI) during the Red Scare, Trevor directly observed and suppressed “radical” elements of the populace. His opinions about the sources of radicalism and the composition of the radical community were solicited by companion organizations, especially the Bureau of Investigation, and MI headquarters in Washington, D.C. He was also a crucial proponent of immigration restrictions as a credible and practicable means of protecting the United States from Bolshevism. This chapter first looks at the origins of Trevor before discussing his collaboration with Archibald Stevenson in forming the Lusk Committee to study the “Bolshevist movement.” It also explores how Trevor synthesized and translated the scientific theories of the eugenics movement into coherent legislation.

Mapping a Political Network

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Red Scare ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Spider Web ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Political Network ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
The Great War

This chapter examines the significance of the Anticommunist Spider Web to anticommunism. Members of the Anticommunist Spider Web formed a conspiracy against democracy that was far more influential than the “communist” conspiracy they fought. Protecting economic advantage was only part of the Anticommunist Spider Web's purpose. Business and political interests also used anticommunism as a tool to control foreign and domestic policy in the challenging environment created by the Great War, socialist revolutions in Europe, and the bitter industrial disputes of the postwar downturn. Government intelligence operatives were among those most concerned by anticommunism, and the Red Scare put state and military intelligence services at the heart of the Spider Web. This chapter discusses the relationship between the Bureau of Investigation, the US Army Military Intelligence Division, the US Navy Office of Naval Intelligence, and the private intelligence networks run by the Spider Web.

The Case of Linwood Boyette and Transatlantic Imaginaries of AIDS, Race, and Carcerality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (140) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Jan Huebenthal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
The Us ◽  
Male Sexual Partners ◽  
Criminalization Of Hiv

Abstract In November 1987, Linwood Boyette, an African American man and retired US army sergeant, became one of the first people in West Germany to be jailed for alleged HIV transmission, following charges brought under a legal Maßnahmenkatalog (catalog of measures) in the state of Bavaria. Boyette stood accused of having knowingly exposed three white male sexual partners to HIV and bringing them into “danger of death.” Boyette’s racial and national “otherness” underscored the widespread West German perception of AIDS as a racialized threat linked to the United States. With his example, this article frames early West German criminalization of HIV/AIDS as a transatlantic spectacle of carceral discipline and racialized punishment. The article concludes that the US-inspired Bavarian response mirrors an ongoing carceral racialization of HIV that systemically harms individuals and communities of color in the United States today.

Anticommunism and Détente: Mindszenty, the Catholic Church, and Hungarian Émigrés in West Germany, 1972

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Arpad von Klimo
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
German Society ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The West ◽  
The Us ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
The Catholic Church

Abstract Cardinal Mindszenty was head of the Catholic Church of Hungary between 1945 and 1974, but had been imprisoned between 1949 and 1956 and hiding in the US embassy in Budapest from 1956 to 1971. In 1971, Mindszenty left the country and settled in Vienna after long negotiations between the Vatican and the Hungarian communist government. When he visited the Hungarian diaspora and non-Hungarian followers in the West between 1972 and his death in 1975, controversies about communism, Catholicism, and Western society and social change in general erupted. This article analyzes these controversies and the different groups that supported the cardinal and their understanding of anticommunism in the context of a changing West German society and against the background of changes within the Catholic world after Vatican II. The ideas about communism Mindszenty and his right-wing supporters formulated were outdated in the 1970s but had a long afterlife.

Neuro-Optometric Treatment of Complications from a Cerebellar Astrocytoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 304-312
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytomas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
The Brain

Background: Insult to the brain, whether from trauma or other etiologies, can have a devastating effect on an individual. Symptoms can be many and varied, depending on the location and extent of damage. This presentation can be a challenge to the optometrist charged with treating the sequelae of this event as multiple functional components of the visual system can be affected. Case Report: This paper describes the diagnosis and subsequent ophthalmic management of an acquired brain injury in a 22 year old male on active duty in the US Army. After developing acute neurological symptoms, the patient was diagnosed with a pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellum. Emergent neurosurgery to treat the neoplasm resulted in iatrogenic cranial nerve palsies and a hemispheric syndrome. Over the next 18 months, he was managed by a series of providers, including a strabismus surgeon, until presenting to our clinic. Lenses, prism, and in-office and out-of-office neurooptometric rehabilitation therapy were utilized to improve his functioning and make progress towards his goals. Conclusions: Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and the vast majority are benign with excellent surgical prognosis. Although the most common site is the cerebellum, the visual pathway is also frequently affected. If the eye or visual system is affected, optometrists have the ability to drastically improve quality of life with neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

EDUCATIONAL-TRAINING FACILITIES OF GROUND US FORCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
D.B. Izyumov ◽  
E.L. Kondratyuk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Us Army ◽  
The Us ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Army Personnel

The article discusses issues related to the development and use of training means and facilities in order to improve the level of training of US Army personnel. An overview of the main simulators used in the US Armed Forces at present is given, and the prospects for the development of the United States in this area are presented.

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