The Tricategory of Bicategories

2021 ◽  
pp. 439-512
Author(s):  
Niles Johnson ◽  
Donald Yau
Keyword(s):  
Full Detail ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Lax Functor

In this chapter, the tricategory of bicategories is presented in full detail. After a preliminary discussion of the whiskerings of a lax transformation with a lax functor, the chapter goes on to define a tricategory. The rest of the chapter proves in detail the existence of a tricategory with small bicategories as objects (i.e. a tricategory of bicategories), pseudofunctors as 1-cells, strong transformations as 2-cells, and modifications as 3-cells.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Maiden
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
History Of

The chapter introduces the notion of morphomic phenomena in the history of the Romance verb, gives some initial definitions of the notion of morphome, and presents its history. Methods of diagnosing and analysing morphomic structure and diachrony receive a preliminary discussion. The aims of the book and its structure are set out, and there is a preliminary discussion of terminology.

Research on Basic Standard of Roadmap for Green Manufacturing

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 462-466
Author(s):  
Zi Xing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Basic Standard

The technical roadmap which has been produced since the 1980s is used in many fields. In reality it has formed many technical roadmaps standard. Summarizing and studying these standards has the important meaning to this emerging modern management tool's development consummation of the technical road map. This article has carried on the preliminary discussion from the technical roadmap content, the formulation procedure, the representation, the formulation method and so on.

scholarly journals Implementing the nitrogen cycle into the dynamic global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL (version 5.0)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2789-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner von Bloh ◽  
Sibyll Schaphoff ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Susanne Rolinski ◽  
Katharina Waha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. The well-established dynamical global vegetation, hydrology, and crop growth model LPJmL is extended with a terrestrial nitrogen cycle to account for nutrient limitations. In particular, processes of soil nitrogen dynamics, plant uptake, nitrogen allocation, response of photosynthesis and maintenance respiration to varying nitrogen concentrations in plant organs, and agricultural nitrogen management are included in the model. All new model features are described in full detail and the results of a global simulation of the historic past (1901–2009) are presented for evaluation of the model performance. We find that the implementation of nitrogen limitation significantly improves the simulation of global patterns of crop productivity. Regional differences in crop productivity, which had to be calibrated via a scaling of the maximum leaf area index, can now largely be reproduced by the model, except for regions where fertilizer inputs and climate conditions are not the yield-limiting factors. Furthermore, it can be shown that land use has a strong influence on nitrogen losses, increasing leaching by 93 %.

The effect of Taxes on the wireless telecommunications sector in Jordan during the period (2011-2015): أثر الضرائب على قطاع الاتصالات اللاسلكية في الأردن خلال الفترة (2011 - 2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Nabil Alhajeid, Sana Salim Alhajeid
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Telecommunications Sector ◽  
Wireless Telecommunications ◽  
Communications Services ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research aimed at a general preliminary discussion of the implications of taxes on communications services and public taxes such as VAT on goods and services or all. This research follows the descriptive method, which collects information from its various sources and submits it to Therefore, the researcher will study the literature related to the study and a number of published and unpublished sources, such as the working papers of conferences, workshops, seminars, articles, in addition to previous studies and researches. He will also work on studying statistics and publications issued by ministries and public research centers. The study's hypothesis provided that there is an inverse relationship between the taxation of the telecommunications sector and the sector's contribution to GDP. The study's hypothesis provided that there is an inverse relationship between the taxation of the telecommunications sector and the sector's contribution to GDP. The research concludes with several results that can be summed up in five points: 1_Annual profit declined by 5.7 in the first half of the year: 2015 compared with 2014. Consumer spending fell by 18% in the year: 2012, compared to 2011. 2-The decline in the number of employees in the sector by 441 employees between years: 2011 and 2015 AD. 3- The sector's participation in GDP fell from 8.96% in 2010 to 5.67% in 2014. The study's thesis_ which states that there is an inverse relationship between the taxation of the telecommunications sector and the sector's contribution to GDP - is well established.

Voices Inside Schools - Historical Perspective as an Important Element of Teachers' Knowledge: A Sonata-Form Case Study of Equity Issues in a Chemistry Classroom

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Dean Sconiers ◽  
Jerry Lee Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Educational Equity ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
School Science ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
University Researcher

In this article, middle school science teacher Zachary Sconiers and university researcher Jerry Rosiek introduce the sonata-form case study, a narrative structure designed to document teachers' understandings of how subject matter and sociocultural influences intersect in the classroom. Written in collaboration with the Fresno Science Education Equity Teacher Research Project, this case study is told from the perspective of Jerome Jameson, a fictional chemistry teacher, whose story is based on Sconiers's actual teaching experiences. Also integrated into the narrative are Sconiers's in-depth reflections on the connections between his commitment to science education and his commitment to promoting educational equity. The sonata-form case study is followed by an afterword, written by Rosiek and Sconiers, that describes this unique methodology for teacher inquiry in full detail. The writing process for the case study was extensive and iterative: the two authors worked closely over the course of a year to develop the narrative, with Rosiek taking the lead on revising and editing. With this case study, Sconiers and Rosiek highlight the critical need for a new form of educational research, one that "builds bridges between the discourses of educational excellence and educational equity, as well as between theory and practice."

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