Recalculation of data from 1990 to 2010 on the effects of highly diluted thyroxine on the metamorphosis of highland amphibians

Experiments on amphibian metamorphosis can vary considerably in duration. The authors had set themselves the task of defining a generally applicable pooling method for metamorphosis experiments [1]. Normalization with respect to time was done on the assumption that differences in speed of metamorphosis attributable to treatment would override differences in duration between experiments. The problem of artificial differences in variability when comparing and pooling data from several experiments was approached by normalization with respect to time based on the development of both the test and the control animals. The range from 0% to 100% over which the fraction of four-legged animals progresses in the course of an experiment is divided into 10%-intervals and mapped onto a corresponding relative scale. Each measurement is then assigned to the point on the 10%-scale to which it is closest. In this way each reference point is assigned a value giving the number or percentage of four-legged animals at that point. These values are aggregated over all experiments within the test- and control-group. The results of experiments performed over the course of two decades (1990 - 2010) on highland Rana temporaria treated with a homeopathically prepared high dilution of thyroxine (“30x”) are presented in full detail based on this normalization method[1]. It was found that differences between treatment groups thus calculated were in line with those obtained with other pooling methods [2]. Thyroxine 30x does slow down metamorphosis in inert highland amphibians. This was observed by 5 researchers in 20 sub-experiments, and it seems to be the most reliable bio-assay found in amphibian research on homeopathy so far2. When experiments were performed with highland animals pretreated by hyperstimulation with molecular thyroxine, slowing down of metamorphosis was again observed (by 3 of 4 researchers) in most of 10 sub-experiments.

Minimally-modeled search of higher multipole gravitational-wave radiation in compact binary coalescences.

As the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, soon to be joined by the KAGRA interferometer, increase their sensitivity, they detect an ever-larger number of gravitational waves with a significant presence of higher multipoles in addition to the dominant (2, 2) multipole. These higher multipoles can be detected with different approaches, such as the minimally-modeled burst search methods, and here we discuss one such approach based on the coherent WaveBurst pipeline (cWB). During the inspiral phase the higher multipoles produce chirps whose instantaneous frequency is a multiple of the dominant (2, 2) multipole, and here we describe how cWB can be used to detect these spectral features. The search is performed within suitable regions of the time-frequency representation; their shape is determined by optimizing the Receiver Operating Characteristics. This novel method has already been used in the GW190814 discovery paper (Astrophys. J. Lett. 896 L44) and is very fast and flexible. Here we describe in full detail the procedure used to detect the (3, 3) multipole in GW190814 as well as searches for other higher multipoles during the inspiral phase, and apply it to another event that displays higher multipoles, GW190412, replicating the results obtained with different methods. The procedure described here can be used for the fast analysis of higher multipoles and to support the findings obtained with the model-based Bayesian parameter estimates.

Highland amphibians - Recalculation of data from 1990 to 2010 on the effects of extremely diluted thyroxine

Experiments on amphibian metamorphosis can vary considerably in duration. The authors had set themselves the task of defining a generally applicable pooling method for metamorphosis experiments. The problem of artificial differences in variability when comparing and pooling data from several experiments was approached by normalization with respect to time based on the development of both test and the control animals. The range from 0% to 100% over which the fraction of four-legged animals progresses in the course of an experiment is divided into 10%-intervals and the 10% reference points are mapped on a corresponding scale. Each measurement is then assigned to the point on the time scale to which it is closest. In this way each reference point is assigned a value giving the number or percentage of four-legged animals at that point on the scale. Subsequent analysis was then based on the individual values for the test and control groups that corresponded to the joint 10% reference point. Normalization respect to time was done on the assumption that differences in metamorphosis speed attributable to treatment would override differences in duration between experiments. The results of experiments performed over the course of two decades (1990 - 2010) on highland Rana temporaria treated with a homeopathically prepared high dilution of thyroxine (“30x”) are presented in full detail based on this normalization method. Differences found between treatment groups thus calculated were in line with those obtained with other pooling methods. Thyroxine 30x does slow down metamorphosis in inert highland amphibians. This was observed by five researchers in 20 sub-experiments, and it seems to be the most reliable bio-assay found in amphibian research on homeopathy so far. When experiments were performed with highland animals pretreated by hyperstimulation with molecular thyroxine, slowing down of metamorphosis was again observed (by three out of four researchers) in most of 10 sub-experiments.

Islamic Law Regarding Claim: An Analytical Study

Islam is a complete code of life; consequently ,as it describes the particulars of worships with full detail ,similarly ,it also has a full package of principles in social ,economic, individual and collective matters and the this comprehensiveness is the distinction of Islam . So, in daily life, if one claims his right over someone, and the other denies it, Islam has a full guidance regarding this matter, which is called "Claim" in Islamic Law. In this article, full account has been given about claim, conditions for the accuracy of claim, Islamic method to prove one,s claim and also Oath in the perspective of Islamic teachings.

Deformations of supergravity and supersymmetry anomalies

We present a BRST analysis of supersymmetry anomalies of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 supersymmetric quantum field theories with anomalous R symmetry. To this end, we consider the coupling of the matter theory to classical $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 new minimal supergravity. We point out that a supersymmetry anomaly cocycle associated to the U(1)R field does exist for this theory. It is non-trivial in the space of supergravity fields (and ghosts), but it becomes BRST-exact in the functional space that includes antifields. Equivalently, the U(1)R supersymmetry anomaly cocycle vanishes “on-shell”. It is therefore removable. However, to remove it — precisely because it is not trivial in the smaller space of fields — one needs to deform the supergravity BRST operator. This deformation is triggered, at first order in the anomaly coefficient, by a local operator S1 of ghost number 1. We give a cohomological characterization of S1 and compute it in full detail. At higher orders in the anomaly coefficient, we expect a priori that further deformations of the BRST rules are necessary.

Numerical Study on Rod Thrust Vector Control for Physical Applications

Mechanical thrust vector control is a classical and significant branch in the thrust vector control field, offering an extremely reliable control effect. In this article, steady-state and unsteady-state aerodynamic characteristics of the rod thrust vector control technology are numerically investigated in a two-dimensional supersonic nozzle. Complex flow phenomena caused by the penetrating rod in the diverging part of the supersonic nozzle are elucidated with the purpose of a profound understanding of this simple flow control technique for physical applications. Published experimental data are used to validate the dependability of current computational fluid dynamics results. A grid sensitivity study is carried through and analyzed. The result section discusses the impacts of two important factors on steady-state aerodynamic features, involving the rod penetration height and the rod location. Furthermore, unsteady-state flow features are analyzed under various rod penetration heights for the first time. Significant vectoring performance variations and flow topology descriptions are illuminated in full detail. While the rod penetration height increases, the vectoring angle increases, whereas the thrust coefficient decreases. As the rod location moves downstream close to the nozzle exit, the vectoring angle and thrust coefficient increase. In terms of unsteady-state aerodynamic effects, certain pressure oscillations occur upstream of the rod, which resulted from the expanding and shrinking of the upstream anticlockwise separation bubbles.

Utilizing Effective Technology In High-Standard Road Defects Inventory System In Estonia

Road pavement is expected to withstand enormous traffic loads for long time but sooner or later the deterioration reaches levels when its optimal to apply treatment. While easy to measure roughness or rutting in normal traffic speed, defects are in most countries still collected by means of time-consuming visual inspection in low traffic speeds or expensive and difficult- to-use equipment. Also, most visual inspection systems only operate with aggregated inspection data. That makes data-collection expensive and defects-based decision-making inefficient. In Estonia, defects inventory system utilizes high quality panoramic and orthogonal images to enable data collection in traffic speeds and detailed mapping of pavement defects in 10 classes. Defects mapped in full detail means, that location, shape and size of each defect is known and classified data can be effectively used twice in pavement maintenance planning: for section selection planning in road network level when aggregated and for work method selection in design process when analyzed in detail. Combined with measured lidar-based point-cloud data, detailed 3d-basemap saves both road-owner's and road designer’s valuable time in design phase. In period of 2016-2020, around 35000km of state roads were analyzed with one of the most efficient road defects inventory systems in the world. Also, around 25000 km of municipal and forest roads have been captured with same technology covering several pavement types from bicycle paths to multilane streets and motorways. Current presentation discusses outcomes of Estonian defects inventory study in 2020.

Static Symmetric Solutions of the Semi-Classical Einstein–Klein–Gordon System

We consider solutions of the semi-classical Einstein–Klein–Gordon system with a cosmological constant $$\Lambda \in \mathbb {R}$$ Λ ∈ R , where the spacetime is given by Einstein’s static metric on $$\mathbb {R}\times \mathbb {S}^3$$ R × S 3 with a round sphere of radius $$a>0$$ a > 0 and the state of the scalar quantum field has a two-point distribution $$\omega _2$$ ω 2 that respects all the symmetries of the metric. We assume that the mass $$m\ge 0$$ m ≥ 0 and scalar curvature coupling $$\xi \in \mathbb {R}$$ ξ ∈ R of the field satisfy $$m^2+\xi R>0$$ m 2 + ξ R > 0 , which entails the existence of a ground state. We do not require states to be Hadamard or quasi-free, but the quasi-free solutions are characterised in full detail. The set of solutions of the semi-classical Einstein–Klein–Gordon system depends on the choice of the parameters $$(a,\Lambda ,m,\xi )$$ ( a , Λ , m , ξ ) and on the renormalisation constants in the renormalised stress tensor of the scalar field. We show that the set of solutions is either (i) the empty set, or (ii) the singleton set containing only the ground state, or (iii) a set with infinitely many elements. We characterise the ranges of the parameters and renormalisation constants where each of these alternatives occur. We also show that all quasi-free solutions are given by density matrices in the ground state representation and we show that in cases (ii) and (iii) there is a unique quasi-free solution which minimises the von Neumann entropy. When $$m=0$$ m = 0 this unique state is a $$\beta $$ β -KMS state. We argue that all these conclusions remain valid in the reduced order formulation of the semi-classical Einstein equation.

A systematic approach to reduced GLT

This paper concerns the spectral analysis of matrix-sequences that are generated by the discretization and numerical approximation of partial differential equations, in case the domain is a generic Peano–Jordan measurable set. It is observed that such matrix-sequences often present a spectral symbol, that is a measurable function describing the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues. When the domain is a hypercube, the analysis can be conducted using the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences, but in case of generic domains, a different kind of matrix-sequences and theory has to be formalized. We thus develop in full detail the theory of reduced GLT sequences and symbols, presenting some application to finite differences and finite elements discretization for linear convection–diffusion–reaction differential equations.

The tiered restrictions enforced in November 2020 did not impact the epidemiology of the second wave of COVID-19 in Italy.

In the attempt to counter the second COVID-19 wave in autumn 2020, the Italian government introduced a unique countrywide system of physical distancing measures organized in progressively restrictive tiers (coded as yellow, orange, and red) imposed on a regional basis according to epidemiological risk assessments. This followed a set of other scattered or limited measures described in full detail by Manica et al.1. This paper concerns the introduction of the tiered restrictions. The data used to evaluate the impact of the restriction system on SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and hospitalization burden in Italy is from the Italian COVID-19 integrated surveillance system. The reproduction number R(t) estimated on the onset of COViD-19 symptoms constantly decreased during most of the observation period 04 October 2020 - 06 December 2020 than is centered on the date of introduction of the measures and includes the expected latency to reach an effect. The fastest decrease of R(t) occurred in the period preceding the introduction of the tiered restrictions. There was no evidence that introducing the tiered restrictions determined the reduction of R(t). An alternative analysis using the daily growth rate of the epidemic curve confirms these conclusions. Similar considerations are made concerning the health system burden, analyzing hospitalizations at country level. The trend of R(t) tending to increase shortly after the measures became effective does not allow to exclude that the enforcement of such restrictions might have been counterproductive. These results are instrumental in informing public health efforts aimed at attempting to manage the epidemic efficiently. Planning further use of the tiered restrictions and the associated containment measures should be carefully and critically revised to avoid a useless burden to the population with no advantage for the containment of the epidemic or a possible worsening.