scholarly journals The Caribbean and West Indies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Zacek
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
Spiritual Identity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
The West ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Leeward Islands ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines the development of the Church of England in the West Indian colonies, notably Barbados, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands of Antigua, Montserrat, Nevis, and St Kitts, in the era of ‘sugar and slavery’ (the mid-seventeenth through to late eighteenth centuries). In many instances, the Church’s mission was undermined by a critical lack of clergy, churches, and funds, and by an apparent lack of interest on the part of the planter elite in either attending or financially supporting religious activities. But it would be inaccurate to consider the Church to have played an insignificant role in these colonial societies; in reality, Anglicanism was a crucial element in the political and social, if not always the spiritual, identity of the islands’ white inhabitants, as it was an integral part of their individual and communal self-image as ‘Englishmen transplanted’.

Preambles: “But One Use”

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Charles Hefling
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Book Of Common Prayer ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Common Prayer ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines the Prayer Book’s self-presentation in its preliminary, nonliturgical prose: the two Acts of Uniformity (1559 and 1662) that define the constitution of the text and regulate its use in the Church of England; and the three prefatory essays, two of which were written by Thomas Cranmer for the original, 1549 Book of Common Prayer, and have been retained ever since. These texts are themselves primary sources that provide a preliminary context in which to understand the origins and purpose of the liturgies they precede. They outline the successive revisions of the Prayer Book, and indicate both the political and the theological dimensions of its contents.

Evelyn Underhill and the Christian Social Movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-200
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Malay
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
The Church

AbstractEvelyn Underhill is mainly known for her work in mysticism and spirituality. This article explores the political dimension of her work and argues her early work in mysticism and later work in spiritual direction and retreat work underpinned her engagement with leading figures in the interwar Anglican church and their social agenda. During this period Underhill worked closely with William Temple, Charles Raven, Walter Frere and Lucy Gardner among others. In the interwar years she contributed in important ways to the Church of England Congresses, and the Conference on Christian Politics, Employment and Citizenship (COPEC) initiative. She challenged what she called the anthropocentric tendency in the Christian Social movement and insisted on the centrality of the spiritual life for any effective social reform. Underhill worked to engage the general public, as well as Christian communities, in a spiritual life that she saw as essential to the efforts of individuals and organizations seeking to alleviate contemporary social harms.

Religious Diplomacy and Socialism

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
Lucian N. Leustean
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This article analyzes the relationship between the Orthodox Church and the communist regime during one of the most intense periods of religious persecution in the Romanian People's Republic from 1956 to 1959. The church hierarchy demonstrated its support for the socialist construction of the country, while, at the same time, the regime began a campaign against religion by arresting clergy and reducing the number of religious people in monasteries; rumours even circulated that in 1958 Patriarch Justinian was under house arrest. Seeking closer contact with Western Europe, the regime allowed the hierarchy to meet foreign clergymen, especially from the Church of England. These diplomatic religious encounters played a double role. The regime realised that it could benefit from international ecclesiastical relations, while the image of Justinian in the West changed from that of “red patriarch” to that of a leader who was genuinely interested in his church's survival.

Ruin the Sacred Truths

2019 ◽  
pp. 670-686
Author(s):  
John Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pastoral Poetry ◽  
Independent Churches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This chapter begins by reviewing the relationship between Milton and Marvell, but is devoted more expansively to their literary and intellectual ties. It examines the presence of Milton in Marvell’s pastoral poetry of the early 1650s where Marvell engages with the ‘Nativity Ode’, Comus, and ‘Lycidas’ but avoids reproducing the prophetic quality of Milton’s voice, hedging his allusiveness with delicate irony. The chapter also examines Marvell’s later engagement with Milton’s tolerationist treatises. Like Milton, Marvell is shaped by recent heterodox positions, but steers away from the boldness of the Miltonic vision. Where Milton asks the state to tolerate a variety of fully independent churches and religions, Marvell clings to the more conservative hope that the Church of England will merely include, or ‘comprehend’, a wider range of beliefs and believers. A political realist and a literary ironist, Marvell distances himself from the political idealism and prophetic literariness of Milton.

The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume I

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Ecclesiastical Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Lay Experience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume I traces the emergence of Anglophone Protestant Dissent in the post-Reformation era between the Act of Uniformity (1559) and the Act of Toleration (1689). It reassesses the relationship between establishment and dissent, emphasizing that Presbyterians and Congregationalists were serious contenders in the struggle for religious hegemony. Under Elizabeth I and the early Stuarts, dissent was largely contained within the Church of England, as nonconformists sought to reform the national Church from within. During the English Revolution (1640–60), Puritan reformers seized control of the state but splintered into rival factions with competing programmes of ecclesiastical reform. Only after the Restoration, following the ejection of 2,000 Puritan clergy from the Church, did most Puritans become Dissenters, often with great reluctance. Dissent was not the inevitable terminus of Puritanism, but the contingent and unintended consequence of the Puritan drive for further reformation. Nevertheless, in the half-century after 1640, religious pluralism became a fact of English life, as denominations formed and toleration was widely advocated. The volume explores how Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, and Quakers began to forge distinct identities as the four major denominational traditions of English Dissent. It tracks the proliferation of Anglophone Protestant Dissent beyond England—in Wales, Scotland, Ireland, the Dutch Republic, New England, Pennsylvania, and the Caribbean. And it presents the latest research on the culture of Dissenting congregations, including their relations with the parish, their worship, preaching, gender relations, and lay experience.

Anglican Evangelicalism in the West of England, 1858–1900

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
John Kent
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The State ◽  
The West ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Church

The Church of England Clerical and Lay Association (Western District) for the maintenance of Evangelical Principles was started in 1858 as part of a ‘more comprehensive plan for a general organized association’ of Anglican Evangelicals. The case for such an association was graphically made by an anonymous clerical pamphleteer: Now that the Church of England seems called upon to choose, whether she will give her allegiance to Christ, or to Anti-Christ either as Roman or Neologian or a compromise of both—now that hundreds have actually passed away to Rome, and also that so considerable a number of the younger Clergy are more or less under the seductive influence of her errors so as to render it difficult to meet with like-minded men as fellow-helpers,—now that the State, hitherto bound up with the Church, apparently either contemplates casting her adrift or reducing her to a conation of political servitude,—under these, our present exigencies, the desire for union becomes more intense and irresistible. We want to know each other’s thoughts and feelings. We are in great need of mutual information and counsel. We thirst for sympathy and encouragement. We want to act together as one man.

Anglican Orders and Orthodox Politics

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-300
Author(s):  
BRYN GEFFERT
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

This essay examines the political and religious impetus behind Patriarch Meletios Metaxakis's recognition of Anglican orders in 1922. The furore surrounding recognition, the events that led up to it and the fall-out that followed shed light on the many difficulties faced by religious leaders in the post-war Orthodox world, difficulties that led to fierce jockeying among Orthodox clerics as they tried to establish themselves in relation to their coreligionists and to the larger Christian world. The controversy also offers insight into the problems inherent when a ‘comprehensive’ Church such as the Church of England enters into discussions with a more uniformly dogmatic confession such as Orthodoxy.

Anglican Rites of Consecration and the Delineation of Sacred Space, ca. 1689–1735

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-347
Author(s):  
Andrew Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Lower House ◽  
New Churches ◽  
The Church ◽  
Established Church

Between 1712 and 1715, the Convocation of the Church of England attempted to replace the existing informal orders used for the consecration of churches, chapels, and churchyards with a single uniform rite. While these efforts have been associated with the erection of the Fifty New Churches to provide for the populous and expanding suburbs of London and Westminster, the discussions actually arose out of the political divisions between the bishops and the Lower House of Convocation. The efforts to establish an official order of consecration was also a response to the changed ecclesiastical climate that followed the Toleration Act of 1689, which allowed for the registration of Dissenter chapels. The Established Church found its religious hegemony threatened and the particular status of its places of worship, achieved through consecration, challenged. The church responded to the criticism of their existing forms of consecration by reforming the liturgy as well as demonstrating the historical and legal basis for the practice. The sermons preached at the consecration or reopening of these churches provided a further opportunity for the clergy to justify the ceremony as well as to draw comparisons between these churches and Dissenting meetinghouses.

Anglican Worship in Late Nineteenth-Century Wales: a Montgomeryshire Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 408-418
Author(s):  
Frances Knight
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Religious Body ◽  
The Church

In 1910, the Royal Commission on the Church of England and the Other Religious Bodies in Wales and Monmouth revealed that the Church of England was the largest religious body in Wales, and attracted over a quarter of all worshippers. This indicated a significant improvement in the Church’s fortunes in the previous half century, and a different picture from that which had emerged from the 1851 Census of Religious Worship, which had suggested that the established Church had the support of only twenty per cent of Welsh worshippers. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light upon the Church’s improving fortunes between 1851 and 1910 by exploring the liturgical patterns which were evolving in a particular Welsh county, Montgomeryshire, in the late nineteenth century. Montgomeryshire is part of the large rural heart of mid-Wales, bordered by Radnor to the south, Cardigan and Merioneth to the west, Denbigh to the north, and Shropshire to the east. The paper considers the annual, monthly, and weekly liturgical cycles which were developing in the county, and how the co-existence of the Welsh and English languages was expressed in different styles of church music and worship.

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