Hojas, Blackberries, and the Tortilla King

Author(s):  
Chad Broughton

On a Blistering morning in July 2007, four middle-aged men, already quite drunk, stood shaded under the eaves of a long, white stucco building. The building, which was derelict, sat in the middle of Agua Dulce in semitropical northern Veracruz. Our guide, Orlinda Garcia, asked the four men where we could find an hoja (husk) processing plant. Mayor Javier Gonzalez and Treasurer José Cruz stood with us as well. Gonzalez’s sky-blue municipal office was just a few hundred feet away, on the other side of the vacant town plaza. The adjacent plaza was littered with rusty rides and empty prize booths from a traveling summer carnival that had recently ended. “This is it!” a man in a Pittsburgh Pirates cap shouted. He pointed to a concealed entrance. Part of the wavy clay tile roof was missing and had been replaced with corrugated metal sheets. Plastic bags and bottles specked the ground outside. A slick, red PRI campaign banner hung on an electric pole next to the building with a candidate’s portrait. “Fiel a ti” (Loyal to you), the banner read. The plain building stretched alongside a wide, bumpy road—deserted except for a few chickens. It did not look like the site of a profitable foreign-trade operation. A young encargada (supervisor) named Marisol greeted us from behind a black metal gate. We asked her if we could see inside the facility. “The patron is not here,” she said. “I cannot let you in.” She was apologetic but firm. In a pink blouse, capri pants, and faux gem-studded flip-flops, she appeared to be dressed more for a Saturday of shopping in Monterrey than managing an export business in this half-ghost town in far-flung Veracruz. “The boss is very particular, and he doesn’t allow people from the outside to see the operation.” Another neatly dressed young woman looked at us while she embroidered some clothing in a chair behind Marisol. She sat next to a pile of plastic bags swollen with corn husks (called hojas or totomoxtle).

1952 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 131-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Ramsay

Some share—fluctuating and uncertain, but assuredly significant—of English foreign trade in modern times is to be credited to smugglers, who were ever busy in evading customs regulations and prohibitions. Mere administrative watchfulness and thoroughness could never do more than damp their activities; it was only the triumph of free trade in the early Victorian age that deprived them of their livelihood, and until then they were able to match by increase of cunning and of organization the ever more elaborate network of the customs system—its spies, its coastguards and its cutters as well as its routine officials at the ports. The smuggler flourished right down to the end of the period of protection, despite sporadic seizures by the revenue officers. In the first half of the nineteenth century, French wines, brandies and luxury textiles were being punctually shipped across the Channel in the teeth of prohibitions. In the other direction, we know, for instance, of the existence in the same period of so remarkable á phenomenon as the muslin manufacture of Tarare, near Lyons, which relied for its raw material upon the assured supply of English yarn owled abroad. But it was probably the eighteenth century, when customs regulations were at their most burdensome and complicated, that marked the classic epoch of illicit trade, the period in which the technical skill of both breakers and defenders of the law might earn the highest rewards.


Author(s):  
Daiga Zirnīte

The aim of the study is to define how and to what effect the first-person narrative form is used in Oswald Zebris’s novel “Māra” (2019) and how the other elements of the narrative support it. The analysis of the novel employs both semiotic and narratological ideas, paying in-depth attention to those elements of the novel’s structure that can help the reader understand the growth path and power of the heroine Māra, a 16-year-old young woman entangled in external and internal conflict. As the novel is predominantly written from the title character’s point of view, as she is the first-person narrator in 12 of the 16 chapters of the novel, the article reveals the principle of chapter arrangement, the meaning of the second first-person narrator (in four novel chapters) and the main points of the dramatic structure of the story. Although in interviews after the publication of the novel, the author Zebris has emphasised that he has written the novel about a brave girl who at her 16 years is ready to make the decisions necessary for her personal growth, her open, candid, and emotionally narrated narrative creates inner resistance in readers, especially the heroine’s peers, and therefore makes it difficult to observe and appreciate her courage and the positive metamorphosis in the dense narrative of the heroine’s feelings, impressions, memories, imaginary scenes, various impulses and comments on the action. It can be explained by the form of narration that requires the reader to identify with the narrator; however, it is cumbersome if the narrator’s motives, details, and emotions, expressed openly and honestly, are unacceptable, incomprehensible, or somehow exaggerated.


measurements. This paper is confined to the different forms of sampling odourous gases for olfactometric measurements and the problems involved. It refers to existing guidelines for olfactometric measurements in the countries of the EEC, as well. 2. TYPES OF SAMPLING Samples of odourous gas may be collected in unconcentrated or concentrated form. Concentrated sampling is usually neces­ sary when gas chromatography or other chemical analytical meth­ ods are to be used. Unconcentrated sampling is provided if o-dour threshold concentrations are required (2). Depending on the type of olfactometer used dynamic sam­ pling or static sampling are provided. The principle of dynam­ ic sampling is shown in Figure 1. It requires a part-flow of the odourous gas to be continoulsy extracted from the source and subsequently directed to the olfactometer. This sampling method implies that the measurements are carried out close to the source. An advantage of the method is that there is the possibility of controlling a process, directly, and in case of the break-down of the process this can be noticed right away. A disadvantage of the dynamic method is that odour sources that are not readily accessible require a relatively great ef­ fort in order to install the olfactometer and suitable sam­ pling pipes which often should be insulated or heated to avoid adsorption or condensation (3). When static sampling is used a partial stream of the o-dourous air is collected in a sampling vessel. Samples are taken from this vessel or bag to dilute the odourous air for the olfactometer using syringes or on-line tubings. When using this method odour measurement with the panel can be carried out at any arbitrary location, if the vessel is a transport­ able one. An example for static sampling is given in Figure 2. 3. PROBLEMS OF SAMPLING the main problems encountered when sampling odourous air derive from surface effects of the sampling tubes and vessels, namely by - adsorption, - desorption, and - condensation. This depends mainly on the material of the tube, the vessel or the bag (adsorption) or on the nature of the gas, whether it is hot and/or containes a high amount of humidity (condensa­ tion). On the other hand the sample can be altered by trace components bleeding from the material of the walls of the ves­ sel or the tube (desorption). The following factors are to be observed for valid static sampli ng. aTTTToTce of_m£teri aj_ For tWe sampling of odourous gases glas vessels, stain­ less steel tanks (4) and flexible plastic bags (5) were tested. The initial concentrations of the test gases decrease consider­ ably with storage time in glass and steel vessels. In recent years bags made of Polyethylene(6), Teflon (3) and Tedlar (7), (8) were usually used. Figure 3 shows a graph from SCHUETZLE


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Bogdanov ◽  
Zorica Vasiljevic

Serbia is mostly rural country, as three fourth of its territory make rural areas, while almost half population is living in rural areas. Serbian agriculture is the sector which is very important for the total economy of the country in respect of resources, participation in GDP, employment as well as importance for rural areas and population. This is the only sector in Serbian economy that shows positive foreign trade balance in the recent several years.There are potentials for development of agrarian entrepreneurship on one hand, but on the other, there are constraints in existence of great number of small family farms whereas the huge share could not have commercial profile and could not live only from agricultural activities. The concept of multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas is still present mostly in scientific and political sphere without clear explanation or interpretation as well as mechanisms of implementation. Serbia’s rural space is heterogenic and devastated in different extent, and therefore extremely complicated for planning of multifunctional development.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farkhondeh Jabalameli ◽  
Ehsan Rasoulinezhad

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the similarities in the foreign trade patterns of China and the other BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) members. Design/methodology/approach Three panel data estimations, namely, fixed effect, random effect and fully modified ordinary least squares, have been conducted in this paper based on the gravitational model of international trade for bilateral trade of each BRICS member with five United Nations (UN) regional groups from 2001 to 2015. Findings The results revealed that Russia has a dissimilar trade pattern, based on the Heckscher–Ohlin (H-O) framework, with these five regional groups, while the other BRICS members follow the Linder hypothesis. Furthermore, it was found that China has a faster pace of globalization, while the rest of the BRICS members have experienced regionalization rather than globalization. In addition, geographical distance, as a proxy for transportation cost, has a weaker negative effect on the trade patterns of China and India, which makes the trade patterns of BRICS members dissimilar. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to examine and compare the BRICS member countries’ foreign trade pattern through a gravity trade approach.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Abdullah Al Maamari ◽  
Abdallah Hameed Al Ghuwairi

The letter of credit (L/C) contract is one of a range of banking operations through which banks can finance foreign trade. The contract provides security and stability to the trade because of the trust and credit it gives, since the buyer may be in one country and the seller in another, so as to assure each other that the other party fulfills its obligation. However, is this contract can be considered as a compliance contract so the relations between parties is a submissive weak-strong relationship? This necessarily entails examining the availability of legal protection to prevent the abuse of a strong party. Hence, this paper aims to examine the availability of compliance status in the documentary credit opening contract and focuses on the Jordanian legislations as a case study. The comparative analytical approach is executed in this study. The findings reveal that the L/C contract is influenced by the concept of compliance, however the L/C contract can be adjusted by the client, in accordance with the rules and provisions of this credit.   Received: 31 January 2021 / Accepted: 27 February 2021 / Published: 7 March 2021


Author(s):  
Henry James
Keyword(s):  

The next time Verena saw Olive, she said to her that she was ready to make the promise she had asked the other night; but, to her great surprise, this young woman answered her by a question intended to check such rashness. Miss Chancellor...


Author(s):  
Paul A. Bramadat

One warm Sunday evening in September 1993, I found myself walking aimlessly around the McMaster University campus. Earlier the same week, I had seen a poster advertising “Church at the John,” an event organized by the McMaster chapter of the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship (IVCF). Since I was academically interested in conservative Protestantism, and since at that point I knew no one in the city, I decided, for lack of other options, to attend this meeting. What I found there fell completely outside my expectations, prompted an elaborate series of questions, and ultimately resulted in the present book. Since I assumed that the meeting would be small, I worried that being ten minutes late might draw unwanted attention to my presence. As I descended the stairs of the Downstairs John (or simply “the John”), McMaster’s largest student bar, I could hear the noises of a large group of people. I thought I might have misread the poster a few days earlier; when I entered the bustling room, I was virtually certain I had. Except for the well-lit stage at one end of the room, the John was dark, and almost six hundred people were crowded into a space designed for no more than four hundred and fifty. The room was narrow and long, with a low stage at one end, pool tables at the opposite end, and a bar along the side of the room. People were standing and sitting in the aisles, on the bar, and against the walls beneath the bikini-clad models and slogans that festooned the neon beer signs. I discreetly asked one person who was standing against the wall if this was the right room for the IVCF meeting, and he replied that it was. I looked at him more intently to determine if he was joking, but he just smiled at me politely and bowed his head. After a few confusing moments, I realized he was praying. I turned away from him and noticed that all the other people in the room had bowed their heads in a prayer being led by a demure young woman on the stage.


Author(s):  
Marika Savukoski ◽  
Kaarina Määttä ◽  
Satu Uusiautti
Keyword(s):  

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