North and South

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gaskell ◽  
Sally Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Authority ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
And Gender ◽  
North And South ◽  
Obedience To Authority

`She tried to settle that most difficult problem for women, how much was to be utterly merged in obedience to authority, and how much might be set apart for freedom in working.’ North and South is a novel about rebellion. Moving from the industrial riots of discontented millworkers through to the unsought passions of a middle-class woman, and from religious crises of conscience to the ethics of naval mutiny, it poses fundamental questions about the nature of social authority and obedience. Through the story of Margaret Hale, the middle-class southerner who moves to the northern industrial town of Milton, Gaskell skilfully explores issues of class and gender in the conflict between Margaret’s ready sympathy with the workers and her growing attraction to the charismatic mill ownder, John Thornton. This new revised and expanded edition sets the novel in the context of Victorian social and medical debate.

scholarly journals Marriage in The Late of 19th Century Reflected in The Age of Innocence

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Hasnani Hasnani
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
The Age Of Innocence ◽  
Sociocultural Background

The Age of Innocence presents marriage woman in sociocultural background of upper-middle class woman in the late of 19th century. This research aimed to describe marriage in the alte of 19th century reflected in The Age of Innocence. The researcher used qualitative method. The data were analyzed by using the Sociological theory in order to describe marriage in the novel. The sociological theory is uesd to analysed the sociological background of marriage woman at that time. The results of the research shows marriage in the late of 19th century that describe in two parts; woman as fiancee and woman as a wife. The Age of Innocence represent the marriage women are still patriacy and in the domestic sphere

scholarly journals MODERN WOMENS ASPIRATIONS IN SHASHI DESHPANDE THE DARK HOLDS NO TERRORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 732-734
Author(s):  
Abha Pandey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
New Woman ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
Realistic Picture ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Shashi Deshpande

Shashi Deshpande in her novel has presented a realistic picture of the modern educated, intelligent middle class woman in the novel. The New Woman is neither fully traditional nor fully modern. A new paradigms related to a womans life came into existence i.e. tradition and modernity, economic dependence, self-assertion, aspiration and independent in life in her novel.The New Woman in Deshpandes novel gets all types of rights in their life hence they struggle a lot to get free from the traditional world andin quest for her own identity. The present paper is an attempt to analyze Shashi Deshpandes novel The Dark Holds No Terrors.The Methodology followed in the analysis is of comparative and contrast.Sarita is the main protagonist of the novel, who is modern emancipated middle-class educated woman in the novel. She plays different roles to achieve her goals and aspirations in her life through facing various traumas in the novel.An attempt has been made to highlight Deshpandes story The Dark Holds No Terror that allocates the educated women in all possible ways.

INSTRUCTIVE SUFFICIENCY: RE-READING THE GOVERNESS THROUGH AGNES GREY

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Rossman Regaignon
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Agnes Grey ◽  
Pedagogical Function

IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND, a governess was the primary educator of male and female children in a middle-class household; particularly by virtue of her work educating girls through their mid-teens, the governess simultaneously effected and disrupted the transparent transmission of class and gender identity between generations of middle-class women. Recent scholarship has de-emphasized this pedagogical function in its readings of the figure.1 Discussion has centered, instead, on the ways in which the governess represented a crisis for early Victorian definitions of bourgeois femininity (which centered on middle-class women’s financial dependence and apparent leisure) because she was a middle-class woman who earned her own living. But to read the figure of the Victorian governess through Anne Brontë’s Agnes Grey (1847) is to see that she troubled bourgeois hegemony because of her job. I contend that the governess disturbed the early Victorians not only because she blurred the boundary between the separate spheres, but also because she dramatized the potentially illimitable effects of education. When you hire someone to teach your children, how do you ensure that she is teaching what you wish and as you wish?

Modern Dating and Respectability on Trial

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-170
Author(s):  
Tyler Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
German Society ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
The Face ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
Legal Strategy ◽  
The Way

Chapter 5 follows the sensational trial of Frieda Kliem’s murderer and the strategy of the defense, which was not so much a legal strategy as a way of turning the trial into a question of Frieda’s respectability as a middle-class woman. It interprets this trial—and the life of Frieda Kliem, more generally—as a microcosm of the large-scale confrontation between nineteenth-century society and the emerging twentieth-century world. It contends that identity, presented either authentically or as an illusion, became supremely relevant in the metropolis, where the ubiquity of strangers, new faces, and mysterious crimes shaped the way city people narrated the search for love and intimacy. And because enterprising outsiders like Frieda Kliem so flouted the established patterns of middle-class respectability, they remained on the outside looking in as German society clung to the nineteenth-century world that was crumbling in the face of a bewilderingly new twentieth-century one.

Gender, Medicine, and Consumer Culture in Victorian England: Creating the Kleptomaniac

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Retail Crime ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Class Woman

In his Crime and Society in England 1750-1900 Clive Emsley notes that “for England the subject of the middle-class woman ‘kleptomaniac,’ as opposed to the working-class woman ‘thief,’ awaits an historian,” and casts doubt on the significance of the respectable shoplifter in England. However, not only is there ample evidence that middle-class shoplifting was a rising concern in Victorian England, it is a key example of the way in which gender ideology and medical science were constructed to solve a commercial and legal problem. Early in the nineteenth century, a respectable woman accused of shoplifting only had the option of denying her crime and blaming the shopkeeper; however, as the number of middle-class women committing retail crimes such as shoplifting and fraud increased, the issue of representation in the nineteenth century became more complicated. Woman’s role as aggressive consumer and her role in retail crime clashed with her home-centered image. In trials, canting ballads, and scathing articles, critics presented an image of the retail female criminal as greedy, fraudulent, and middle-class. Women fought against this image by denying their crimes or by participating in the creation of the developing representation of criminal women as ill rather than greedy.

La espiritualidad de la madre de familia: Mónica «mater», imagen de la Iglesia

Augustinus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Vittorino Grossi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Middle Class Woman ◽  
Class Woman ◽  
The Church

The article presents the figure of Monica, mother of Augustine, highlighting her spirituality as a Christian mother, underlining especially three elements. First, the fact that Monica is a middle-class woman, in relationship to women of high social rank, of whom we know the stories, told by Gregory of Nissa, Gregory of Nazianzus or Jerome. Later, the article points out how Monica is the image of the Church, and not just a domestic example of a Christian mother. Finally, the article shows that Monica, as “mother”, plays a role in the society, not only with respect to her children, but also expresses the identity of the mother. In Monica, the woman as “mother” is “subject” of rights, is “uxor” according to Roman law.

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