Recht als Gegenstand rhetorischer Grundlagenforschung

According to the self-image of lawyers, jurisprudence is a science: the premises in legal conclusions are truth-apt, as are the conclusions or judgements that follow from them, the cognition of true law is consequently regarded as their task. Against this background, a program that understands and analyzes law as the product of a rhetorical practice is confronted with fierce resistance. According to the research of analytical legal rhetoric, on the other hand, the evidence for a rhetorical imprint on law is overwhelming: starting with the logical status of legal inferences, to the peculiarities of judicial procedure, to the motivational situation of those involved in it, everywhere it becomes apparent that the image of strict truth-orientation inadequately describes the genesis of law. Following Aristotle, who assigned law to the field of phrónēsis and not to epistēmē, contemporary legal rhetoric research aims to draw a realistic picture of the genesis of law. Subdivided into the triad of logos, ethos, and pathos, it attempts to fully grasp the interrelationships involved. It becomes apparent that the rational or argumentative dimension is far from dominating in legal justifications. It is precisely at the neuralgic point, i.e., where arguments are opposed to each other, that the rhetor typically uses a rhetorical figure that links all levels of the triad: the restrictio.

MODERN WOMENS ASPIRATIONS IN SHASHI DESHPANDE THE DARK HOLDS NO TERRORS

Shashi Deshpande in her novel has presented a realistic picture of the modern educated, intelligent middle class woman in the novel. The New Woman is neither fully traditional nor fully modern. A new paradigms related to a womans life came into existence i.e. tradition and modernity, economic dependence, self-assertion, aspiration and independent in life in her novel.The New Woman in Deshpandes novel gets all types of rights in their life hence they struggle a lot to get free from the traditional world andin quest for her own identity. The present paper is an attempt to analyze Shashi Deshpandes novel The Dark Holds No Terrors.The Methodology followed in the analysis is of comparative and contrast.Sarita is the main protagonist of the novel, who is modern emancipated middle-class educated woman in the novel. She plays different roles to achieve her goals and aspirations in her life through facing various traumas in the novel.An attempt has been made to highlight Deshpandes story The Dark Holds No Terror that allocates the educated women in all possible ways.

God’s Place in Logical Space

It has been argued recently that classical theism and Lewisian modal realism are incompatible theses. The most substantial argument to this effect takes the form of a trilemma. It argues that no sense can be made of God’s being a necessary being in the modal realistic picture, on pain of, among other things, modal collapse. The question of this essay is: Is that so? My goal here is to detail the reasons that have been offered in support of this contention and then defend the coherence of theistic modal realism from the trilemma. I call my reply to the argument an “Anselmian-Thomistic” defense, since it appeals to resources from classical medieval philosophy, especially from Anselm and Aquinas.

Post-modernist Elements in Javed Ihsas’s Poetic Collection ‘Ayina (The Mirror)’

Javed Ihsas is a prominent contemporary Pashto poet, critic, and columnist. He writes poetry with the new spirit and style of the modern critical theories of literature and philosophy. In his verses, we can observe the elements of Modernism and Post-modernism as well. In this study, we explored the post-modernist elements in his poetry, especially in his Pashto poetic collection titled Ayina. The word 'Ayina' is a Pashto word that means 'The Mirror'. The very title of the collection gives a symbolic representation in the sense that it depicts a realistic picture of society. This study is an attempt to examine the Post-modernist elements in his poetry by using a post-modernist approach. The poet touches on the elements of post-modernism in his poetry such as the element of social construction; the notion that ideas, politics, and language are socially constructed, consumerism, postponement, etc. This study explores the post-modernist elements in Javed Ihsas’ poetry which are will prove a beacon light for the young poets.

Negative Characters in Ghulam Hussain Rahi Gabol’Novels

Ghulam Hussain Rahi Gabol is a well-known novelist in Saraiki prose literature who is true lover of Saraiki linguistics and literature. His creations revolve around the society. He particularly seems to describe the problems of the people of Saraiki Wasaib and their solutions. His novels show Saraiki Wasaib's helplessness, deprivation and resistance to capitalism and feudalism. Through his negative characters, he honestly portrayed the problems, shortcomings and issues of both rural and urban societies. We see that negative characters of Rahi’s novels seem to portray a realistic picture of human life with all its oddities and complexities.

Distribution of Adult Education Participants in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County

The present study presents adult education institutions and participants in adult education at the national level, highlighting the Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. It shows the decrease in the number of tasks and the change in the types of maintainers, the decreasing trend of the number of privately maintained institutions and the number of students. Thanks to public interventions, private-run institutions have completely shrunk in the last 7 years due to support for training. Private institutions receive little or no state support for the teaching of the professions listed in the National Training Register, which means that students can only study in private schools for a fee. This decision resulted in the dissolution of most privately maintained institutions, their merging into local Vocational Training Centres or church institutions. The main goal of the research was to get a realistic picture of the causes of institutional change.

Anticipating the Judicial Response to Ohio’s Proposed Statewide Sentencing Database

In her recent State of the Judiciary Address, Ohio Supreme Court Chief Justice Maureen O’Connor promoted a statewide sentencing database as a means for securing equal access to justice for all Ohioans. Chief Justice O’Connor argued that, to ensure confidence in the judicial system, the public “must be able to see justice for all, and understand how it is measured.” The proposed database would provide “metrics on sentencing and the outcomes of court proceedings” and would result in transparency for the public and accountability for sentencing judges. Nearly a quarter-century ago, then Chief Justice Thomas Moyer set up a Commission on Racial Fairness charged with designing and implementing a comprehensive statewide sentencing database. But, to date, Ohio has not implemented one. “The main excuse,” the current Chief Justice related, is that “it’s difficult to do.” What follows is an attempt to anticipate a response from Ohio judges to Chief Justice O’Connor’s call for a statewide sentencing database. The hope is that this anticipated judicial response will provide a more realistic picture of the systemic barriers to creating and implementing the Chief Justice’s proposal. Judges are concerned that a statewide database will undercut the very values that uphold their authority as sentencing judges. When sentencing, judges want to maintain discretion, value proportionality, and honor local norms. After sentencing, judges don’t want to be pigeonholed or scapegoated. Any serious attempt to institute a statewide sentencing database must take into account these legitimate concerns. Ignoring them invites another quarter-century of justice delayed.

How theoretical is your (historical) syntax? Towards a typology of Verb-Third in Early Old High German

Verb-Third (V3) constructions, i.e. root clauses displaying more than one element in their prefield, have been attested throughout the history of German. In this paper, I discuss some methodological issues related to the investigation of this structure in Early Old High German (EOHG, eighth to ninth century). In this language stage, the linear syntax of matrix clauses is very unstable—mainly due to the not-yet complete systematization of the V2/verb-final distinction and to the considerable amount of extraposition in main clauses—which makes the detection of this construction in the available texts particularly challenging. Moreover, little substantial and reliable prose data are extant for this period. In order to get a realistic picture of the distribution of the phenomenon at stake in EOHG, it is therefore necessary to evaluate the data by means of diagnostic tests for verb movement and only consider those cases in which the verb is unambiguously located in C and the preverbal area hosts multiple (head or non-head) elements. I will show that: (1) some of the patterns that are usually assumed to be good candidates for the category of V3 in the relevant literature are never attested in the diagnostic dataset; (2) a typology consisting of five non-correlative and three correlative diagnostic V3 constructions can be identified on the basis of an approach based on replicable methods; (3) some of these patterns display historical continuity; (4) non-prose texts are inadequate for syntactic investigations.

James Phelan’s Three Judgments in George Eliot’s Middlemarch

George Eliot, well-known as one of greatest realists in the 19th century, weaves multiple narratives in her representative work Middlemarch, presenting vividly the realistic picture of society between 1829 and 1832. The narrative clue of love affair between Dorothea, Casaubon and Will Ladislaw permeates the whole story, which attracts the attention of numerous scholars with fruitful, inspirational studies. However, few numbers of scholars delve into the controversial issue of Casaubon’s “will” in the story to analyze the moral values and thoughts expressed by the implied author. Thus, the paper attempts to analyze the issue of “will” by borrowing the concept of three judgments proposed by James Phelan to figure out how the implied author expresses her interpretative, ethical and aesthetical judgements by means of her distinct narrative.

Summing Up

No one denies the brain’s intricacy of structure and function. The debate has always been over what form this complexity takes. The most influential answer to this question for over 60 years—and the most controversial for almost 40—is that the mind is composed of modules. This book offers a clearer, cleaner and far more realistic picture of what that means. It is respectful of advances in psychology and philosophy over the past half century, but is anchored firmly in the neurobiological evidence. It attempts to strike an ideal balance between different approaches to the investigation of the mind/brain.