intervention efficacy
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Beerman ◽  
Hagai Yanai ◽  
Christopher Dunn ◽  
Bongsoo Park ◽  
Christopher Coletta ◽  
...  

Age-associated changes in human hematopoiesis have been mostly recapitulated in mouse models; but not much has been explored in rats, a physiologically closer model to humans. To establish whether rat hematopoiesis closely mirrors humans’, we examined the peripheral blood of rats throughout their lifespan. Significant age-associated changes showed distinctive population shifts predictive of age. A divergence between predicted versus chronological age changes was indicative of fragility; thus, these data may be a valuable tool to identify underlying diseases or as a surrogate predictor for intervention efficacy. Notably, several blood parameters and DNA methylation alterations defined specific leverage points during aging, supporting non-linear aging effects and highlighting a roadmap for interventions at these junctures. Overall, we present a simple set of rat blood metrics that can provide a window into their health and inform the implementation of interventions in a model system physiologically relevant for humans.


2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110629
Author(s):  
Valerie Boebel Toly ◽  
Jaclene A. Zauszniewski ◽  
Jiao Yu ◽  
Abdus Sattar ◽  
Bethany Rusincovitch ◽  
...  

Parent caregivers of children who require lifesaving technology (e.g., mechanical ventilation, feeding tubes) must maintain a high level of vigilance 24/7. A two-arm randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of a resourcefulness intervention on parents’ mental/physical health and family functioning at four time points over six months. Participants ( n = 93) cared for their technology-dependent children <18 years at home. The intervention arm received teaching on social (help-seeking), personal (self-help) resourcefulness skills; access to the intervention video and skill application video-vignettes; four weeks of skills reinforcement using daily logs; four weekly phone contacts; and booster sessions at two- and four-month postenrollment. The attention control arm received phone contact at identical time points plus the current standard of care. Statistically significant improvement was noted; fewer depressive cognitions and improved physical health for the intervention participants than attention control participants over time after controlling for covariates. The findings support the resourcefulness intervention efficacy.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4460
Author(s):  
Cindy L. Carmack ◽  
Nathan H. Parker ◽  
Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Laura Shely ◽  
George Baum ◽  
...  

Spouses offer a primary source of support and may provide critical assistance for behavior change. A diet-exercise intervention previously found efficacious in improving cancer survivors’ lifestyle behaviors was adapted to utilize a couples-based approach. The aims were to test the feasibility of this couples-based (CB) intervention and compare its efficacy to the same program delivered to the survivor-only (SO). Twenty-two survivor-spouse couples completed baseline assessments and were randomized to the CB or SO interventions. The study surpassed feasibility benchmarks; 91% of survivors and 86% of spouses completed a 6-month follow-up. Survivors and spouses attended 94% and 91% of sessions, respectively. The SO survivors showed significant improvements on the 30-s chair stand and arm curl tests, weight, and fruit and vegetable (F and V) consumption. The CB survivors showed significant improvements on the 6-min walk and 2-min step tests, body weight, and fat and F and V consumption. Improvement in the 30-s chair stand and arm curl tests was significantly better for SO survivors. The SO spouses showed no significant changes in outcome measures, but the CB spouses showed significant improvements in moderate-to-strenuous physical activity, weight, and fat and F and V consumption. Weight loss was significantly greater in CB spouses compared to SO spouses. Findings demonstrate feasibility, warranting further investigation of CB approaches to promote lifestyle change among cancer survivors and spouses.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
EmilyKate McDonough ◽  
Kayle S Sawyer ◽  
Jessica Wilks ◽  
Berri Jacque

To meet the demand of the growing science and health sectors in the United States, there is a critical necessity to engage more people in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). To broaden participation in STEM, we must understand the factors that shape perspectives and beliefs around career selection. Good measurement of these factors is crucial to quantify how effectively educational interventions impact student attitudes towards STEM. Adolescents are particularly suited for quantifying intervention efficacy because students build their identities during these formative years and make important career choices. To better quantify intervention efficacy at the high school level, we developed an instrument entitled Student Attitudes Surrounding STEM (SASS), which builds upon the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) framework for understanding career selection. Questionnaire responses were collected from 932 high school students, and split into samples of 400 for exploratory factor analysis and 532 for confirmatory factor analysis. The questions clustered into six factors: self-efficacy experience, self-efficacy academic, outcome expectations, interests, negative perceptions of scientists, and career awareness. The SASS exhibited adequate construct validity as determined by fit indices and theoretical considerations. Furthermore, the instrument demonstrated criterion validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. This tool represents a novel integration of three latent variables into SCCT, negative perceptions of scientists, career awareness, and an experience factor for self-efficacy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 183-183
Author(s):  
Rachel Ungar ◽  
Laurie Albright ◽  
James Schaeffer ◽  
Ellen Wicker ◽  
Janella Hudson

Abstract User satisfaction assessments are integral to demonstrating intervention efficacy. Towards that end, older participants across the Aging Strong 2020 suite of offerings participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 248) to provide feedback about their experiences in the program and resulting satisfaction. Overall, most participants were satisfied with the Aging Strong 2020 interventions and reported gaining new skills, tools, or coping strategies. Participants endorsed program features that facilitated social interaction, community building, and social support. Program content specifically adapted for older adults and appropriate life stage concerns and/or areas of interest were considered especially helpful. Results demonstrate that the current test and learn model offers an opportunity for participant feedback to refine and improve future iterations of project offerings. Participant feedback led to key improvements in subsequent versions of the Aging Strong 2020 programs and their contributions to successful aging among older adults.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Unruh ◽  
Bennett C. Uhl ◽  
Randall K. Phebus ◽  
Sara E. Gragg

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has caused numerous foodborne illness outbreaks where beef was implicated as the contaminated food source. Understanding how STEC attach to beef surfaces may inform effective intervention applications at the abattoir. This simulated meat processing conditions to measure STEC attachment to adipose and lean beef tissue. Beef brisket samples were warmed to a surface temperature of 30 °C (warm carcass), while the remaining samples were maintained at 4 °C (cold carcass), prior to surface inoculation with an STEC cocktail (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157:H7). Cocktails were grown in either tryptic soy broth (TSB) or M9 minimal nutrient medium. Loosely and firmly attached cells were measured at 0, 3, 5, and 20 min and 1, 3, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. TSB-grown STEC cells became more firmly attached throughout storage and a difference in loosely versus firmly attached populations on lean and adipose tissues was observed. M9-grown STEC demonstrated a 0.2 log10 CFU/cm2 difference in attachment to lean versus adipose tissue and variability in populations was recorded throughout sampling. Future research should investigate whether a decrease in intervention efficacy correlates to an increase in firmly attached STEC cells on chilled carcasses and/or subprimals, which has been reported.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Klaire M. Brumbaugh ◽  
Ashley Gibson

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of expansion points (EXP) intervention with a modified criterion for preschool children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Three preschool-aged children were enrolled in a single-subject multiple baseline intervention study. Intervention took place over 16 sessions. Pre- and post-intervention data are provided. Three outcome measures (generalization to probe words and gains in percent consonants correct, PCC, in words and in conversation) were evaluated to measure the effectiveness of the EXP intervention. All three of the participants demonstrated gains by the end of the intervention phase when measuring PCC in single words. Two of the three participants demonstrated gains in PCC in conversational speech. Progress on individual phonemes was variable across participants. Utilizing the EXP approach, two of the three children showed gains in all three outcome measures. One child showed variable performance in one outcome measure, improvement in one, and a decrease in one. Findings suggest that EXP should be further explored to evaluate intervention efficacy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1648-1649
Author(s):  
Núria Serradell-Ribé ◽  
Juan Pablo Romero Muñoz ◽  
Raquel Viejo-Sobera ◽  
Elena M. Marrón

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