Financialization

2018 ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
Ravi Roy ◽  
Thomas D. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Global Financial System

The size and scope of financial sectors throughout the world have grown exponentially in tandem with the rise of globalization and increased capital mobility. The terms “economic globalization” and “financialization” are often discussed as inextricably related phenomena. Although the rapid increase in the number and variety of financial services and products during the past four decades has helped spur economic growth and create wealth on an unprecedented scale, the devastating fallout from the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, and the economic turbulence that followed, demonstrates how poorly managed financial sectors can simultaneously cause enormous pain. This chapter argues that if the opportunities created by economic globalization and financialization are to be maximized, while at the same tempering volatile financial markets, then the global financial system (and the national economies connected with it) must be fundamentally restructured. A number of ways that should be taken under consideration are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production and sales of cars in the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Inna Shevchenko ◽  
Illia Dmytriiev ◽  
Oksana Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Problem. The global automotive industry has already had an experience of recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008, but the pandemic crisis of 2020 is quite different in nature and pattern of progress: in recent history it has had no analogues and it will be premature to state its completion. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the pandemic on the production and sale of cars in order to overcome the negative consequences. To address this issue, the article identifies the sensitivity of this subsector of mechanical engineering to destructive changes in the environment; an analysis of changes in the volume of production and sales of cars by countries of the world over the past period has been made. Goal. The aim of the work is to determine the destructive consequences and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the global automotive industry, namely the production and sale of cars. Methodology. To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a vertical and horizontal analysis of car production and sales in the world has been conducted. Results. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to group the countries of the world by the destructive effects of the pandemic crisis of 2020 for the automotive industry. Originality. The carried out classification of countries by the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to gain insight into its impact on the automotive industry, in particular on the production and sale of cars. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to identify further ways to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the automotive industry.

10. The Logics of Economic Globalization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony McGrew
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This chapter examines the dynamics of economic globalization by focusing on its underlying causes (or logics). It compares and contrasts the principal theoretical accounts of economic globalization, with particular emphasis on how they contribute to our understanding of the current phase of globalization and its future prospects. The chapter explains what economic globalization is and discusses its principal features, along with the key trends associated with the globalization of economic activity in respect of trade, finance, production, and labour. It also considers how theories of international political economy help us in explaining and understanding economic globalization; whether the global financial crisis of 2008 has precipitated the demise of globalization or the emergence of a ‘new wave’; and whether globalization is still the dominant trend or tendency in the world economy today.

scholarly journals Foreword

10.26458/1831 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Elena GURGU
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial System ◽  
European Central ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Lehman Brothers ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial System

A globally warning issued in September 2018 by the former president of the European Central Bank, Frenchman Jean-Claude Trichet says the world economy is exactly the way ahead of the economic crisis of 2008. He said that too many debts have done the global financial system as vulnerable as it was ten years ago in September 2008, when the American bank Lehman Brothers collapsed. Excessive indebtedness in advanced economies was a key factor in triggering the global financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, Jean-Claude Trichet said in an interview with AFP.Currently, debt growth in advanced countries, particularly in the private sector, has slowed, but this slowdown has been offset by an acceleration in emerging-nation debt growth. This makes the entire world financial system at least the same vulnerable as it was in 2008......

Policy will be key to supporting cashless consumption

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Interest Rates ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Subject Cashless society transformation. Significance Transacting electronically is quicker and cheaper than using cash, provided the infrastructure is in place to support the transactions. Across the world, the number of electronic transactions and the supporting infrastructure has surged over the last two decades. Card payments averaged 25.3% of GDP in 2016 in the 24 countries the Committee for Payments and Markets Infrastructure covers, up from 12.8% in 2000. Despite this, cash retains a key role, paradoxically even more since the global financial crisis, as ultra-low interest rates in the ten post-crisis years reduced the opportunity cost of holding cash. Impacts All cashless transactions are automatically tracked, forcing consumers to sacrifice more privacy without the ability to ‘opt-out’. An individual’s credit standing will gain importance and may become as key to gaining employment as it is to accessing financial services. There will be a digital divide not only in access to and exclusion from financial services but also the ability to pay. Payments for services could become the fastest-growing category of cashless transactions.

A NOTE ON LEVERAGE AND THE MACROECONOMY

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandokar Istiak ◽  
Apostolos Serletis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Shadow Banks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Macroprudential Policies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we investigate the relationship between leverage and the level of economic activity in the United States, using quarterly data over the period 1951–2012. We address the question for five different measures of leverage—household leverage, nonfinancial firm leverage, commercial bank leverage, broker–dealer leverage, and shadow bank leverage—making a distinction between traditional banks and shadow banks, the latter being a consequence of financial innovation and deregulation in the financial services industry over the past 30 years. We investigate whether the relationship between leverage and the level of economic activity is nonlinear and asymmetric using slope-based tests as well as tests of the null hypothesis of symmetric impulse responses. Our results inform policymakers about the important distinction between traditional banks and the market-based financial intermediaries that have been at the center of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. They also inform about the macroeconomic effects of the deleveraging process that began in 2008, as well as about the need for countercyclical macroprudential policies to reduce the procyclicality of the financial system.

Law’s Financialization: Litigation Finance and Multilayer Access to Justice in Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445
Author(s):  
Michael Molavi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Class Actions ◽  
Collective Redress ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Contemporary Development

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, states around the world have experienced sustained growth in the emerging industry of litigation finance in light of the perceived insularity of courtrooms from the instabilities and fluctuations of financial markets. In Canada, this nascent industry has been dominated by class actions given the high costs, risk exposures, and attractive rewards associated with collective redress. Such investments have been legitimated as promoting access to justice, a fundamental human right. This paper traces the historical and contemporary development of this legal dynamic of financialization by documenting the progressive liberalization of maintenance and champerty laws from the nineteenth century to the current period through a series of case studies, before exploring the legal economics of the emerging industry in Canada. In so doing, this paper critically examines the impacts of law’s financialization on multilayer access to justice.

10. The Logics of Economic Globalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-281
Author(s):  
Anthony McGrew
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This chapter provides a systematic account of the causes of economic globalization. Within the global political economy (GPE) literature, economic globalization tends to be more precisely specified as ‘the emergence and operation of a single, worldwide economy’. This assists its measurement by reference to the intensity, extensity, and velocity of worldwide economic flows and interconnectedness, from trade, through production and finance, migration to information and data. Understood as a historical process, the concept of economic globalization also infers an evolving transformation or evolution in the organization and operation of the world economy. The chapter then reviews the principal theories of economic globalization, drawing upon the GPE literature. It develops a multi-theoretic account of economic globalization which captures its structural, conjunctural, and contingent causal factors. The chapter also demonstrates how this multi-theoretic framework is relevant to understanding the current crisis of economic globalization. It considers whether, in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, this crisis is the precursor to a period of accelerating deglobalization.

scholarly journals WTO Reform: A China Round?

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Henry Gao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Since its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's exports have been growing exponentially. In 2009, China became the world's top goods exporter. Four years later, China unseated the United States as the top trading nation in the world. In contrast to the burgeoning Chinese economy, the United States and Europe have been suffering from economic decline since the global financial crisis in 2008. China regards its rise as a long overdue restoration of its rightful position, as it has been the largest economy in the world for most of its history, except the brief aberration over the past 150 years. The Western powers, however, view China's rapid development with suspicion, as they attribute China's success mostly to its state-led development model, with state-owned enterprises, massive subsidies, and heavy government intervention playing a major role.

COVID-19: Is this the end of globalization?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002070202098532
Author(s):  
Shahar Hameiri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Distributional Impacts

Lockdowns and border closures to manage the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have caused the greatest global economic shock since the Great Depression. Does this also signal the end of economic globalization, the most significant trend of the past forty years? And if so, what kind of global political economy is emerging from the wreckage? In this article, I argue that COVID-19 is mainly intensifying pre-existing trends, set in motion by the global financial crisis of 2008 and the People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s economic rise. The disruptions to global supply chains wrought by COVID-19 have combined with rising United States–PRC rivalry, growing disaffection with the distributional impacts of global value chains, and automation to catalyze the turn away from globalized production. Meanwhile, amid the economic doom and gloom, financial markets are booming, high on the central banks’ liquidity injections to which they have been addicted since the 2008 crisis. As in the decade since the 2008 crisis, booming markets will likely deepen inequality and resentment, fuelling economic nationalism and eroding support for globalization even more. The governments of relatively small and open economies, such as Australia and Canada, will need to guide their economies more purposefully or find themselves at the mercy of the increasingly confrontational, yet domestically fragile, United States and the PRC.

On the formation of a New Paradigm of fiscal Policy

2013 ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Senchagov
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Monetary Aggregate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Due to Russia’s exit from the global financial crisis, the fiscal policy of withdrawing windfall spending has exhausted its potential. It is important to refocus public finance to the real economy and the expansion of domestic demand. For this goal there is sufficient, but not realized financial potential. The increase in fiscal spending in these areas is unlikely to lead to higher inflation, given its actual trend in the past decade relative to M2 monetary aggregate, but will directly affect the investment component of many underdeveloped sectors, as well as the volume of domestic production and consumer demand.

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