The Minor Prophets in the Judean Desert Manuscripts

Author(s):  
Mika S. Pajunen

The Judean Desert manuscripts are the earliest extant witnesses for the prophetic compositions that are part of the Book of the Twelve. This essay offers an assessment of the original extent of these manuscripts in light of material aspects and scribal practices as well as a brief discussion of their importance for the textual history of the Minor Prophets. It is argued that some of the manuscripts contained only individual compositions, whereas others represent collections of different sizes. The manuscript witnesses and the use of these prophetic compositions in other writings further demonstrate that they were perceived both as individual compositions and as distinct collections. This conclusion has consequences for evaluating the textual history and textual affiliation of the individual books and the Book of the Twelve as a collection that should be taken into account in future studies.

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-469
Author(s):  
Gudrun Lier ◽  
Anna Fransina Van Zyl

The study of Aramaic Bible translations (Targumim) continues to be a valuable source of information, not only for uncovering the history of biblical interpretation but also for providing insights for the study of linguistics and translation techniques. In comparison with work done on the Pentateuchal Targumim and Targum Former Prophets, research on the individual books of Targum Minor Prophets has been scant. By providing an overview of selected source material this review seeks (i) to provide incentives for more focussed studies in the field of Targum Minor Prophets and (ii) to motivate new integrated research approaches which are now made possible with the assistance of highly developed software programmes.


Author(s):  
Ali Ekber Ün

The purpose of this review article is to collaborate on future studies about hippotherapy to horse and riding trainers, health professionals, veterinarians, individuals in need and individuals with disabilities and their relatives and to shed light on academic studies. It has been stated in studies that hippotherapy is beneficial for patients in the world. Therefore, as a result of new private hippotherapy centers in public institutions and in Turkey, studies on hippotherapy have been started. The studies carried out in hippotherapy are increasing and widespread and continuing to contribute to the treatment of the individuals in need and individuals with disabilities with hippotherapy sessions with expert teams. However, in the studies, the sessions of the hippotherapy team with two common creatures have great duties on the equestrian coaches in order to meet the needs of the horse and the individual in need or individual with disability. For this reason, since hippotherapy is a multidisciplinary team work consisting of specialist professionals, it has been researched to contribute to the horse and rider coaches on the field and to the expert team attending the sessions, to the new experts and the families of the individuals in need and disabled individuals. In the current review, the information about the history of hippotherapy and development, information about hippotherapy institutions in Turkey, individuals in need and individuals with disabilities, benefits of hippotherapy, characteristics of the hippotherapy horse, training of the hippotherapy horse are emphasized, and especially emphasis is placed on the use of work in the field of horse and equestrian coaching.


Author(s):  
W. Edward Glenny

This essay discusses the textual history of the Minor Prophets in the Hebrew manuscripts and the Versions, excluding Qumran. The most important textual tradition for the Minor Prophets is the Hebrew Masoretic Text tradition from the medieval period (MT), which continues the earlier proto-masoretic textual tradition that is represented in the Qumran scrolls and is the basis of the translations of the Targums and Peshitta. The Septuagint (LXX) is the most important ancient Version of the Hebrew Bible, because it was the first complete translation and because its Hebrew source differed considerably from the other textual witnesses. Other important Versions of the Hebrew Bible are the Targums, the Syriac Peshitta, and the Latin Vulgate.


1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Seyfort Ruegg

The word gotra is frequently used in the literature of Mahāyāna Buddhism to denote categories of persons classified according to their psychological, intellectual, and spiritual types. The chief types usually mentioned in this kind of classification are the Auditors making up the śrāvaka-gotra, the Individual Buddhas making up the pratyehabuddha-gotra, and the Bodhisattvas making up the bodhisattva-gotra. In the Saṃdhinirmocanasūtra these three types constitute altogether different gotras, which thus coincide with the three separate Vehicles (yāna) as recognized by the Yogācārin/Vijñaptimātratā, school. To these three some sources add the further category of the undetermined (aniyatagotra), which is made up of persons not yet definitively attached to one of the three preceding classes; and the non-gotra (agotra), that is the category made up of persons who cannot be assigned to any spiritual class. Each of the first three categories is thus comprised of persons capable of achieving a particular kind of maturity and spiritual perfection in accordance with their specific type or class, the Auditor then attaining the Awakening (bodhi) characteristic of the Śrāvaka and so on. Especially remarkable in this connexion, and somewhat anomalous as a gotra, is the non-gotra, i.e. that category of persons who seem to have been considered, at least by certain Yogācārin authorities, as spiritual ‘outcastes’ lacking the capacity for attaining spiritual perfection or Awakening of any kind; since they therefore achieve neither bodhi nor nirvāṇa, they represent the same type as the icchantikas to the extent that the latter also are considered to lack this capacity.


Author(s):  
Michael B. Shepherd

This essay seeks to examine the evidence from early Christianity (the New Testament and the church fathers) not only for the transmission of the Twelve (the Minor Prophets) as a single work but also for the reading of the Twelve as a unified composition. It identifies several examples of exegesis shaped by the reading of the Twelve as a single composition, showing that early Christian writers were aware of the larger context of the Book of the Twelve from which citations are made. Discussion focuses on three areas: citation formulae, text and canon (including manuscripts and canonical lists, and the early history of interpretation.


Author(s):  
Yolanda Dreyer

The dodekapropheton: Twelve minor prophets or a larger unit? The Book of the Twelve or the twelve minor prophets received scholarly attention through the ages. Historical criticism pointed out that these prophets lived in different times, in different historical situations and articulated the “word of the Lord” for different circumstances. However, recent scholarship tends to read the corpus of the minor prophets as a structured whole. Such a reading raises a number of problems: the Twelve do not follow one another chronologically and the order of the Masoretic Text does not agree with that of the Septuagint, whilst Qumran follows yet another order. This article probes – albeit cursory – some of these questions from different perspectives. Eventually it appears that a continuous process of “Fortschreibug” shaped and reshaped prophetic messages to keep them alive for following generations. A unity is created by maintaining the tensions and differences amongst the Twelve, thereby reflecting the creative articulation and rearticulation of prophecy in the different times of the history of Judah and Israel.


2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda De Villiers

The dodekapropheton: Twelve minor prophets or a larger unit? The Book of the Twelve or the twelve minor prophets received scholarly attention through the ages. Historical criticism pointed out that these prophets lived in different times, in different historical situations and articulated the “word of the Lord” for different circumstances. However, recent scholarship tends to read the corpus of the minor prophets as a structured whole. Such a reading raises a number of problems: the Twelve do not follow one another chronologically and the order of the Masoretic Text does not agree with that of the Septuagint, whilst Qumran follows yet another order. This article probes – albeit cursory – some of these questions from different perspectives. Eventually it appears that a continuous process of “Fortschreibug” shaped and reshaped prophetic messages to keep them alive for following generations. A unity is created by maintaining the tensions and differences amongst the Twelve, thereby reflecting the creative articulation and rearticulation of prophecy in the different times of the history of Judah and Israel.


2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Richard Coggins

Much recent study of Joel has been concerned with its setting within the 'Book of the Twelve' Minor Prophets. This article assesses this develop ment, noting especially the relevance of studies of inner-biblical exegesis and intertextuality. New questions relating to the unity of the book are con sidered. The distinctive literary features of Joel are assessed, with particular reference to its place in the development of Second Temple Judaism. Vari ous understandings of the locusts are noted, plus the importance of 'the day of the Lord'. Finally, brief attention is given to the history of interpretation of Joel, especially in the New Testament.


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