Operant Reinforcement and Development of Emotion Dysregulation

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Christina Gamache Martin ◽  
Maureen Zalewski ◽  
Grace Binion ◽  
Jacqueline O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Children's Emotion ◽  
Operant Reinforcement ◽  
Parental Responses

Caregivers play a foundational role in the development of children’s emotion dysregulation. Yet, because there are a multitude of ways in which parent behavior can intersect with children’s emotions, the development of emotion dysregulation is complex. This chapter specifically examines the role of operant reinforcement, where the way in which caregivers respond contingently to their children’s expression of emotion influences child emotion dysregulation. It reviews (1) the central theoretical models that explicate the process by which parental responses to children’s emotions reinforce emotion dysregulation, (2) current evidence supporting these theories, and (3) interventions designed to reduce emotion dysregulation through operant reinforcement processes. It emphasizes that, in addition to unidirectional effects, operant reinforcement from a parent interacts with traits inherent to the child, and parents and children mutually influence one another in ways that highlight the transactional, dynamic processes underlying the development of emotion dysregulation. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Emotion Dysregulation and Childhood Trauma

2018 ◽  
pp. 263-282
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Kerig
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Mechanism

This chapter describes theoretical models and empirical research devoted to understanding the aftermath of childhood trauma exposure and discusses the value of considering posttraumatic stress from an emotion dysregulation perspective. After describing definitional controversies in the field related to both trauma and posttraumatic stress, this chapter summarizes research on the effects of chronic, prolonged, and repeated traumatic experiences in childhood, such as maltreatment, with particular attention to its potential to compromise development of adaptive emotion regulation capacities. The role of emotion dysregulation in leading theoretical models of posttraumatic stress is presented, as well as empirical research testing the hypothesis that emotion dysregulation represents an underlying developmental mechanism through which childhood trauma affects functioning over the lifespan. Future directions include a need for clarification in conceptualization and measurement, further developmental processes to be considered, and opportunities for translational work to inform intervention efforts.

Towards a mechanistic understanding of competence: a missing link in diversity–disease research

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara E. Stewart Merrill ◽  
Pieter T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

AbstractBiodiversity loss may increase the risk of infectious disease in a phenomenon known as the dilution effect. Circumstances that increase the likelihood of disease dilution are: (i) when hosts vary in their competence, and (ii) when communities disassemble predictably, such that the least competent hosts are the most likely to go extinct. Despite the central role of competence in diversity–disease theory, we lack a clear understanding of the factors underlying competence, as well as the drivers and extent of its variation. Our perspective piece encourages a mechanistic understanding of competence and a deeper consideration of its role in diversity–disease relationships. We outline current evidence, emerging questions and future directions regarding the basis of competence, its definition and measurement, the roots of its variation and its role in the community ecology of infectious disease.

scholarly journals Immune Check-Point Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosteiro M ◽  
◽  
Cejuela M ◽  
Pernas S ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors

Check-point inhibitors have erupted as a treatment option for numerous kinds of neoplasms. Although there have been some achievements, the evidence supporting their use in breast cancer is scarce. Combinations with chemotherapy seem to provide better outcomes, and triple negative is the subtype most likely to benefit from them. New combination strategies are undergoing research to improve these results. Other approaches to determining biomarkers that identify which populations clearly benefit from these therapies are needed. Here, we review the clinical data of the role of immune check-point inhibitors in early and advanced breast cancer and present emerging strategies.

scholarly journals The role of emotion regulation in eating disorders: a network meta-analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Leppanen ◽  
Dalia Brown ◽  
Hannah McLinden ◽  
Kate Tchanturia ◽  
Steven Williams
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Target Emotion ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Background: Previous theoretical models and reviews have documented a strong connection between emotion dysregulation eating disorder (ED) psychopathology among the general and clinical populations. The aim of this review was to build on this previous work by conducting a network meta-analysis to explore associations between specific emotion regulation strategies and ED psychopathology trans-diagnostically across the ED spectrum to identify areas of emotion dysregulation that have the strongest association with symptomatology.Methodology: A total of 105 studies were included in the meta-analysis and correlation coefficient representing the associations between specific emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were extracted. We ran a Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis and the initial network was well connected with each emotion regulation strategy being linked to at least one other strategy. We also conducted a network meta-regression to explore whether between-study differences in body mass index (BMI), age, and whether the sample consisted of solely female participants explained any possible network inconsistency. Results: The network meta-analysis revealed that ruminations and non-acceptance of emotions were most closely associated with ED psychopathology. There was no significant network inconsistency but two comparisons approached significance and thus meta-regressions were conducted. The meta-regressions revealed a significant effect of BMI such that the associations between different emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were weaker among those with low BMI. Discussion: The present findings build on previous work and highlight the role of rumination and difficulties with accepting emotions as key emotion regulation difficulties in EDs. Additionally, the finding that the associations were weaker among ED patients with low BMI may point towards a complex relationship between ED behaviours and emotion regulation. Taken together, our findings call for interventions that target emotion regulation, specifically rumination and difficulties accepting emotions, in the treatment of EDs.

The role of macrolides in asthma: current evidence and future directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 657-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernie H C Wong ◽  
James D Porter ◽  
Michael R Edwards ◽  
Sebastian L Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions

The Role of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaCalus V. Hogan ◽  
Garth N. Walker ◽  
Liang Richard Cui ◽  
Freddie H. Fu ◽  
Johnny Huard
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Heart Failure Prevention in Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan ◽  
Javed Butler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Diabetes and heart failure (HF) are closely linked, with one causing a worse prognosis in the other. The majority of anti-hyperglycaemic agents primarily reduce risk of ischaemic microvascular events without targeting the mechanisms involved for diabetes cardiomyopathy and HF. Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a novel class of glucose-lowering agents that have consistently reduced HF hospitalisations, unlike other agents. The authors discuss the current evidence and highlight possible future directions for the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in HF prevention.

The socio-relational framework of expressive behaviors as an integrative psychological paradigm

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Miguel Vigil
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relational Framework

AbstractThis response shows how the socio-relational framework of expressive behaviors may be used to understand and predict social psychological processes, beyond sex differences in the expression of emotion. I use this opportunity to elaborate on several key concepts on the epigenesis of evolved social behaviors that were not fully addressed in the target article. These are: evidence of a natural history of masculine and feminine specialization (sect. R1); phenotypic plasticity and range of reactivity of social behaviors (sect. R2); exploitive and protective functions of social behaviors (sect. R3); and the role of cognition in some affective responses (sect. R4). I conclude by highlighting (in sect. R5) future directions for psychological research from a socio-relational basis.

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