Catholic Tracts and Parabolic Stories in Ming-Qing China

2021 ◽  
pp. 300-316
Author(s):  
Sher-shiueh Li
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Period ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Canon Formation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Sacred Scripture ◽  
Bible Stories

This paper aims to survey the development of the Chinese Bible and related Christian tracts, especially those showing parabolic interests, in the transitional period between the Ming and the Qing dynasties. The nomenclature of the Bible as the “Shengjing” does not come automatically; it went through a long period of development before it finally distinguished itself as Chinese Christian terminology referring to the Bible, their sacred scripture. During the long period of transition, many Christian tracts appeared to help shape the formation of the Chinese Bible. Stories with parabolic significance appeared in such process as canon formation in Chinese in the steps of translation and engagement with Chinese cultures. Members of the Society of Jesus played a major role in the process.

scholarly journals Analysis of horse breeding and equestrian sports in the Republic of Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429
Author(s):  
M. Baban ◽  
M. Sakac ◽  
N. Korabi ◽  
B. Antunovic ◽  
P. Mijic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Period ◽  
Therapeutic Riding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Equestrian Sports ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Show Jumping

Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia, before its entrance into European Union, is in the transitional period. In the breeding sense, Croatian horse breeding is set according to the model of European countries and is trying to counteract with ?modern horse breeding countries?. Croatian Center for Horse Breeding - Djakovo and Lipik State Stud Farms (CCHB), with the Central register of equidae is, as the head national institution, responsible for running and maintaining national central equidae database (49 registers of horses and 27 registers of breeding types). Croatia has registered total of 21.796 equidae, from which 19.306 animals are horses. Registered horses according to groups make the total proportion of 37% warmblood horses, 59% coldblood horses and 4% ponies. Horse breeders are organized in breeders associations, which form federations of associations referring to separate horse breeds. Currently in Croatia there are four federations of breeders associations (with 43 associations and 11 private stud farms). Those verified breeding organizations are conducting independently breeding programs and fully maintain breeding and selection obligations for horse breeds for which they have approval of the Croatian Ministry. Native breeds in Croatia are Croatian Coldblood, Croatian Posavac and Medjimurje horse (Murinsulaner), while Lipizzan horse is considered as protected breed. Development of horse breeding is considerably supported with national subsidies. Internationally verified breeds which are bred in Croatia are Lipizzan horse, Pure Arabian horses, Thoroughbred, Haflinger and Gidran horses. The horse breeding in Croatia is developing in four different directions. Ecological breeding implies native horse breeds and is spread on the areas of protected nature resorts in Croatia. Croatians are through their history connected to horse breeding, which is even today irreplaceable in traditional cultural manifestations (Djakovacki vezovi, Vinkovacke jeseni, Sinjska alka, etc.), various horse shows and fairs and also in more ?modern? ways through recreation and entertainment. The third direction of development of horse breeding in Croatia is therapeutic riding, which includes 26 associations, over one hundred horses and over one thousand users organized under the Therapeutic Riding Association of Croatia. Sports horse breeding represents fourth direction in Croatian horse breeding. It is formed by four federations: Croatian Trotting Federation (trotting), Croatian Gallop Federation (gallop sport) and Croatian Equestrian Federation (endurance, dressage, military, show jumping, driving). Croatian Equestrian Federation includes 49 equestrian clubs. In the last four years between 455 and 582 competitors and between 495 and 581 horses (for show jumping 45%, dressage 31%, endurance 19%, driving 5% and military) were licensed annually. Croatia achieved noticeable results on the international scene in driving sports and in Paralympics. In all mentioned directions of Croatian horse breeding, the tendency should be directed to achieving higher breeding standards (nutrition, stabling, transport, training) and more rational using of horses. Such breeding and using of horses will lead to top bred horses and successful sport horses. This implies synchronized work through long period of time, respecting institutional and breeding rules.

scholarly journals El restabliment de la Companyia de Jesús a València

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Francesc Joan Monjo i Dalmau
Keyword(s):  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Jesuit Order

Resum: L’expulsió de la Companyia de Jesús, decretada per Carles III el 1767, obrí un llarg període de foscor per als jesuïtes hispànics. Tanmateix, el cop de gràcia a l’orde vindria de la mà del papa Climent XIV, que, pressionat per la monarquia espanyola –l’ambaixador del rei hispànic a Roma Moñino recorregué a la coacció i al suborn d’afins al pontífex–, declarà extingida la Companyia el 21 de juliol del 1773. Els jesuïtes suprimits van conrear la propaganda durant més de quaranta anys per tal de revertir la situació. Finalment, el 1814 el papa Pius VII restablí l’orde jesuïta a tot el món mitjançant la butlla Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, i els regulars ignasians van obtenir, un any després, el desitjat permís de Ferran VII per tornar als territoris hispànics. El 18 de juliol del 1816 els jesuïtes prenien possessió de la Casa Professa, ara convertida en col·legi.   Paraules clau: Jesuïtes, restauració, Pius VII, Ferran VII, València   Abstract: The expulsion of the Society of Jesus, decreed by Charles III of Spain in 1767, initiated a long period of darkness for the Hispanic Jesuits. Although the coup de grace to the order would come by the hands of Pope Clement XIV, who was pressured by the Spanish monarchy (the ambassador of the Hispanic king in Rome Moñino resorted to the coercion and subornation of those who were related to the pontiff), declared the Society extinguished on July 21, 1773. The suppressed Jesuits produced propaganda for more than forty years to reverse the situation. Finally, in 1814 Pope Pius VII restored the Jesuit Order around the world through the Bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, and one year later the regular Ignatians obtained the desired permission from Ferdinand VII to return to the Hispanic territories. On July 18, 1816, the Jesuits took possession of Casa Professa, now converted into a school.   Keywords: Jesuits, restoration, Pius VII, Ferdinand VII, València.

A Problematic Book

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Kristin Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Final Point ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Dramatic Structure ◽  
Long Time

This chapter discusses seven reasons why the Bible is problematic—in other words, more complicated than it appears at first glance. One is that the Bible is not a single book. As such, one cannot expect to read through the Bible, cover to cover, and encounter a neat dramatic structure defining a single story. Another reason is that there is more than one Bible, since what constitutes the whole of the Bible depends on the process of canonization. From there, the chapter argues that the Bible is problematic because the texts themselves were composed, and collected, over a long period of time. The Bible has a lot of different authors and editors, most of whom are anonymous. Even the latest texts come from a very long time ago. The Bible was written in languages that are utterly unfamiliar to most readers today. Finally, the chapter raises its final point: that most of the Bible's readers today “believe in” it.

The Bible for Children: the Emergence and Development of the Genre, 1550-1990

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 347-362
Author(s):  
Ruth B. Bottigheimer
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Bible Stories ◽  
Narrative Forms

Books for children have existed for centuries. Their contents range from instructional manuals to flights of fancy. In children’s literature, a variety of narrative forms have emerged, developed, flowered, and faded, but one genre, Bible stories for children’s use, has remained in existence as long as print itself.

The Use of Nails in the Crucifixion

1932 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph William Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Feeling ◽  
Bible Stories ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

These words in criticism of Fra Lippo's vivid and realistic painting of sacred subjects admirably typify the attitude of theology to art. In the ages when the masses were still unable to read, the church took advantage of the work of the painter to impart instruction in the Bible stories. But after all, mere enlightenment is comparatively useless, sometimes even dangerous. It is always inferior to devotion. As long as the masses could be inspired by art to perform more fully their religious duties, so long was art rendering to the church the services that were its due. If the actual facts, even as recorded in the Scriptures, stood in the way of the theological object, they had to be neglected, obscured, or denied. If by a false depiction religious feeling were aroused, there could be no doubt as to the value of such depiction.

The American Children’s Bible

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell W. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biblical Literacy ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Us History ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Publications ◽  
Formative Experiences ◽  
Bible Stories

Children’s Bibles have been among the most popular and influential types of religious publications in the United States, providing many Americans with their first formative experiences of the Bible and its stories. This chapter explores the variety of ways in which children’s Bibles have adapted, illustrated, and retold Bible stories for children throughout US history. Children’s Bibles served a variety of ends, such as teaching biblical literacy, instilling a fear and respect for God’s power and judgment, calling children to salvation in Jesus Christ, modeling moral virtues, and reframing Bible stories as fun and engaging stories that portray a friendly God who cares for children.

scholarly journals Towards a Theological Overcoming of Anthropocentrism. The Vegetarian Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Paolo Trianni ◽  
Sara Sgarlata
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
New Method ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Sacred Scripture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
Contrary Evidence ◽  
Supportive Argument

The article intends to demonstrate that a theology of vegetarianism is possible, despite some contrary evidence present in the biblical texts. Like other theologies dealing with issues not directly voiced in the Bible, it becomes possible to interpret the biblical statements in a new way, on the bases of a specific methodology. As a result, an objective comprehension will go back inductively to Sacred Scripture. The article advocates for applying this new method as well as for introducing its ethical implications into the Christian tradition. An additional supportive argument in favour of establishing the new understanding can be found in the history of the Roman Church, besides the consolidated custom of carnivorous nutrition: there has been no shortage of positions in favour of vegetarian asceticism. This stance was also represented by Thomas Aquinas. By valorizing classic Christian authors in favour of vegetarianism (starting with Jerome), the inauguration of the theology of vegetarianism becomes legitimised. Such an inauguration would reorient Christian thought toward reconsidering cosmology, ecology and topical contemporary issues such as anthropocentrism and speciesism.

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