Gendered Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 749-766
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hook ◽  
Leah Ruppanner
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Social Landscapes

This chapter reviews the quantitative, cross-nationally comparative literature investigating the effects of welfare states on gendered social landscapes in high-income OECD countries. It begins by reviewing the data, measures, and methodological approaches used in the literature. It then reviews research on the ‘effects’ of welfare states on gendered (a) labour market outcomes; (b) divisions of household labour and childcare; and (c) well-being. The authors conclude that welfare states play a key role in shaping gender inequality within the labour market and the home, with important consequences for well-being. Finally, the authors conclude with an assessment of limitations and prospects for future research.

Social and spatial networks in labour markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Topa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Abstract Social connections and referrals are ubiquitous in the labour market, both on the job-seeker side and on the employer side. This article reviews recent developments in the study of referrals, highlighting what we have learned regarding the use and impact of referrals on various labour market outcomes and pointing out the increasingly nuanced picture we are gaining on the effects of referrals. It then discusses directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of using newly available data (and combinations of datasets) and of making tighter connections with the burgeoning macro-labour research that is based on a search and matching framework. Finally, it evaluates the role of referrals from the point of view of policy-makers, discussing their social welfare implications and ways in which they could be explicitly incorporated into various labour market policies. The importance of tighter collaboration between policy-makers, researchers, employers and practitioners is stressed, to conduct more rigorous experimentation and evaluation of potential referral-based policies and programmes.

scholarly journals Time Series Analysis of Disparity between Maori and non-Maori Labour Market Outcomes in the Household Labour Force Survey

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chapple ◽  
David Rea
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Ethnic Classification ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Over Time

Disparity in labour market outcomes between Maori and non-Maori is examined using Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS) data. The paper explores the nature of the ethnicity question and ethnic classification in the HLFS. It shows that there are substantial differences in labour market outcomes between those Maori who report only Maori ethnicity and those who report Maori and another ethnicity ("mixed" Maori). The paper then considers various methods of measuring disparity and uses these to examine the time series behaviour of disparity between 1985 and 1998. It concludes that disparity between Maori and non-Maori is greater today than in 1985. However, all this deterioration occurred between 1985 and 1992. Since 1992 disparity has been in decline. The bulk of time series variation in disparity between Maori and non-Maori has been driven by changes in outcomes for the sole Maori group. Mixed Maori, about a quarter share of the Maori ethnic group, has outcomes which closely track those of the non-Maori population over time.

scholarly journals No gain in pain: psychological well-being, participation, and wages in the BHPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375-1389
Author(s):  
Elena Lagomarsino ◽  
Alessandro Spiganti
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Abstract Accounting for endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and sample selection in an unified framework, we investigate the effect of psychological well-being on wages and labour market participation using a panel from the British Household Panel Survey. We find the effect of psychological well-being on labour market outcomes to differ across gender. In particular, psychological distress significantly reduces participation across genders, but, conditional on participation, has a significant negative effect on hourly wages only in the female sample.

scholarly journals Remittances and informal work

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1172-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artjoms Ivlevs
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Migrant Households

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of remittances on informal employment in the migrants’ countries of origin, looking both at the remittance-receiving and non-migrant households. Design/methodology/approach Using data from a large survey conducted in six transition economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the determinants of three labour market outcomes – not working, working formally and working informally – are estimated in a multinomial probit model. The endogeneity of remittances is dealt with instrumental variables following the two-stage residual inclusion technique. To assess possible impact of remittances on non-migrant households, conditional correlations between the labour market outcomes of non-migrant households and the region-level share of remittance receivers are obtained. Findings Both correlational and instrumental variable analyses suggest that that receiving remittances increases the likelihood of working informally. At the regional level, high prevalence of remittances is associated with a higher likelihood of informal work among the non-migrant households. Migration and remittances may thus be contributing to informal employment in migration-sending countries. Research limitations/implications The empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data, which do not allow isolating the effects of unobserved respondent heterogeneity. To deal with this issue, future research could use panel data. Originality/value The study explicitly considers the effects of remittances on formal and informal employment of remittances receivers as well as people who do not receive remittances. It advances the understanding of what drives informality in developing and transition economies.

Exploring gender digital divide and its effect on women's labour market outcomes in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oluwaseun Omotoso ◽  
Jimi Adesina ◽  
Ololade G. Adewole
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Technology plays a significant role in bridging gender gap in labour market outcomes. This paper investigates gender differential in broadband Internet usage and its effects on women‘s labour market participation. Employing an instrumental variable approach, findings suggest that exogenously determined high-speed broadband internet usage leads to increases of about 14.1 and 10.6 percentage points in labour market participation for single women and married women with some level of education, respectively. Moreover, further analyses suggest that married women are generally less likely to use the Internet to search for job opportunities and this could partly explains their low labour market participation rate. The findings suggest that more policy effort is required to bridge gender differentials in digital technologies and employment opportunities in South Africa.

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