Social Democracy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Second World

Social democracy has often been seen as a pragmatic compromise between capitalism and socialism. This chapter shows that social democracy is in fact a distinctive body of political thought: an ideology which prescribes the use of democratic collective action to extend the principles of freedom and equality valued by democrats in the political sphere to the organization of the economy and society, chiefly by opposing the inequality and oppression created by laissez-faire capitalism. The chapter makes this case by examining three distinct eras in the development of social democratic ideas: the emergence of social democracy in the decades before the Second World War; the so-called ‘golden age’ of social democracy between 1945 and 1970; and the period of social democratic retreat from 1970 until the present.

European Federation in the Political Thought of Resistance Movements during World War II

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Lipgens
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
European Society ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Federation ◽  
World War ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
Second World

The experiences and catastrophes of the second World War fundamentally affected European political attitudes. Particularly intensive was the reconsideration of fundamental problems that went on in the non-communist resistance groups in the Nazi-occupied countries of Europe. What were their political plans? Research on the resistance movements is still in its early stages; however, there is already general agreement that the resistance movements did not fight for a return to prewar conditions, but for a new European society. In particular, as several writers have pointed out, the goal of a democratic federation of all European nations appears repeatedly in the newspapers and proclamations of the Resistance. To describe the ideas of the Resistance on European federation requires a thorough study of the documentary material on the various European resistance movements, with particular attention to those texts concerned with the future relationships of the European states; the following pages are a first report of the findings of such a study.

scholarly journals Myśl polityczna młodych polskich nacjonalistów w procesie przemian

Politeja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1(64)) ◽  
pp. 271-294
Author(s):  
Bartosz Smolik
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Second World

The Political Thought of Young Polish Nationalists in the Process of Change. Between the “Heritage” of National Democracy and the Necessity for Modernizing The article aims to answer the question: what is the degree of advancement of the political thought of Polish nationalists? It refers to activists who admit to being ideologically related to the National Democracy (Narodowa Demokracja), i.e., a broad political movement that originated in 1893, and which has freely developed since the outbreak of the Second World War. Polish nationalists – continuing the historical national movement (Narodowa Demokracja) – must decide to what extent they wish to remain faithful to the more-than-a century‑old “heritage” of their predecessors, and to what extent they should eliminate the anachronisms incomprehensible to contemporary Poles and introduce new elements. To answer this question, the author examines the political writings of two leading centres of the political thought of Polish nationalists in the form of the periodicals Myśl.pl and Polityka Narodowa.

The Opposition to Communism in the Political Thought of The Exiled Democratic Socialist Adam Ciołkosz

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Lilla Barbara Paszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Democrat ◽  
Democratic Socialism ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe Polish socialist movement has undergone various stages of development over more than 100 years of history. In the first half of the 20th century it was, to a large extent, identified with European Social Democracy. After the Second World War and the seizure of power in Poland by the communists, the socialist movement was replaced by a communist ideology that completely distorted the authentic democratic socialism and appropriated the values it represented. The unmasking of communist counterfeits was dealt with by the Polish émigré activist – Adam Ciołkosz, who as active politician and theoretician of socialism, showed a special activity in the contestation of communism. His views as an authentic Social Democrat had a significant impact on the political thought of the Polish socialist movement outside Poland. Ciołkosz, as an anti-Communist, represented such values as: respect for human rights and social justice, humanistic sensitivity, Christianity and above all socialism. At the same time, he promoted the need to fight communism and expose the criminal ideology. He pointed to the need to introduce a system of social justice (i.e. democratic socialism).

From Life to Matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-657
Author(s):  
Andrea Bardin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World War ◽  
Georges Canguilhem ◽  
Second World

Simondon’s philosophy of individuation attacks the opposition between liberty and necessity, a key institution of the supposed ontological “difference” between the human being and nature in most of modern political thought. Distinguishing between ontological and epistemological determinism, I will show the political significance of Simondon’s refusal to either reduce human beings to natural determinism or save their alleged metaphysical nature. Simondon inherits part of his critical programme and a good deal of the tools he uses to construct it from Georges Canguilhem. My reading starts from an enigma concerning quantum mechanics that Canguilhem jotted down on paper while involved in the Second World War antifascist struggle. I will suggest that Simondon’s philosophy exposes the two equally anthropomorphic understandings of nature shared by fascism and technocracy. This will allow me to explain the ideological function that voluntarism and human engineering can jointly perform by reinforcing and exploiting the apparent opposition between liberty and necessity, on the basis of their complementary teleological justification for political action.

Reconstructing Europe’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Shadle
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Social Market ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War, Western Europeans had to rebuild their nations’ economies. This chapter describes the varieties of capitalism they adopted: social democratic, organicist, and social market. The chapter looks at how these economies differed in terms of property rights, government planning, labor relations, and social welfare. It illustrates a key insight of institutional economics: that there are a variety of capitalisms dependent on different institutional arrangements. The chapter also looks at important social changes, such as the increasing affluence of European society and the early stages of European integration. All these developments set the stage for postwar Catholic thinking about the economy.

scholarly journals Will the World’s Glass after the Coronavirus Pandemic Be Half-Empty or Half-Full?

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
Dubravka Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Great Crash ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

AbstractThe author comments on the political and economic options in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic that started at the beginning of 2020. She revisits responses to the crises of the First World War, the Great Crash of 1929, and the Second World War, sorting them into ‘pessimistic’ and ‘optimistic’ responses, and outlining their respective consequences.

scholarly journals SPIRITS, POWER AND THE POLITICAL IMAGINATION IN LATE-COLONIAL GABON

Africa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cinnamon
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
World War ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTThrough narratives of an anti-‘fetish’ movement that swept through north-eastern Gabon in the mid-1950s, the present article traces the contours of converging political and religious imaginations in that country in the years preceding independence. Fang speakers in the region make explicit connections between the arrival of post-Second World War electoral politics, the anti-fetish movements, and perceptions of political weakening and marginalization of their region on the eve of independence. Rival politicians and the colonial administration played key roles in the movement, which brought in a Congolese ritual expert, Emane Boncoeur, and his two powerful spirits, Mademoiselle and Mimbare. These spirits, later recuperated in a wide range of healing practices, continue to operate today throughout northern Gabon and Rio Muni. In local imaginaries, these spirits played central roles in the birth of both regional and national politics, paradoxically strengthening the colonial administration and Gabonese auxiliaries in an era of pre-independence liberalization. Thus, regional political events in the 1950s rehearsed later configurations of power, including presidential politics, on the national stage.

Sozialismus und Zionismus

Aschkenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Hans-Harald Müller
Keyword(s):  
Social Democracy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Second World

Abstract Arnold Zweig and Walter A. Berendsohn, who were in correspondence with each other between 1909 and 1968, continuously sought to convert the other to their beliefs. Around 1910 Zweig wanted to convert Berendsohn to Zionism as coined by Buber, while his views changed after his exile in Palestine, when he tried to win Berendsohn over to communism. Berendsohn, for his part, wanted to convince Zweig of social democracy around 1910, but after traveling Palestine in the 1950s tried to convince Zweig of Zionism. Viewed retrospectively, both appear as idealistic German intellectuals whose eagerness to reform society in 1910 led them in very different directions due to their individual experiences especially in and after the Second World War.

Vom Nachkrieg zum Vorkrieg

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

The historical consciousness of the peoples of Europe is still being shaped by their own national histories. The question of the political order that prevailed during the interwar years has remained a perennial issue among historians. The dominant hallmark of this prelude to the Second World War was the rise of dictatorships and the question of whether we can characterise this period as one of uninterrupted crisis. This collection of studies examines the quest for a new European order and the interconnections between domestic and foreign policy during the 1920s and 1930s. It collates different national perspectives in a single volume and asks searching questions about the consequences of the decisions made during the period under examination. With contributions by Dragan Bakić, Maciej Górny, Kurt Hager, János Hóvári, Georg Kastner, Miklos Lojko, Markus Meckel, Ulrich Schlie, Christian Schmidt, Thomas Weber and Werner Weidenfeld.

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