Subsistence economy, animal domestication, and herd management in prehistoric central Asia (Neolithic–Iron Age)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Benecke
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Herd Management ◽  
Livestock Animal ◽  
Animal Resources

Sites of the Neolithic Jeitun Culture in southern Turkmenistan present the earliest evidence of animal husbandry, mainly based on sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus), in Central Asia. In its northern parts, subsistence economy relied on the exploitation of wild animal resources in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The steppes of north Kazakhstan played a prominent role in the domestication of the horse (Equus caballus) some time prior to 3000 bc. In subsequent periods, horse breeding was of great economic importance in this area. In the Bronze Age, the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) became a common livestock animal in the Eurasian dry zones. Its domestication seems to have taken place in the southwestern part of Central Asia. According to geography, vegetation, and climate, different types of animal keeping and herd management developed in the centuries of the Bronze and Iron Ages.

Shanshar-Asarshyq arheologııalyq kesheninde júrgіzіlgen barlaý jumystarynyń nátıjelerі [The Results of Research Work in the Archaeological Complex Shanshar-Asarshyk]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
M. Gýrsoı ◽  
◽  
K.M. Jetіbaev ◽  
B. Sızdıkov ◽  
M. Qoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Sedentary Animal ◽  
Made In

The article discusses a new scientific concept made in the course of the excavation and the results of exploration at the archaeological complex of Shanshar-Asarshyk. It provides data on the existence of people during the Paleolithic and iron age and their occupation of sedentary animal husbandry and nomadic cattle breeding. The collected ceramics were analyzed from a macroscopic point of view and described. The found ceramic objects were compared with ceramic objects from other places and the corresponding conclusions were made. In addition, The Shanshar-Asarshyk settlement was compared with other cities in Central Asia and its architectural features and structure were revealed. With the help of the discovered material data, a predictive Dating of the monument was made. The article substantiates the necessity of conducting archeological excavations in the archaeological complex of Shanshar-Asarshyk. Мақалада Шаншар-Асаршық археологиялық кешенінде жүргізілген барлау нәтижелері мен қазба жұмыстары барысында жасалған жаңа ғылыми тұжырымдамалар сөз болады. Бұл жерде адамдардың палеолит және темір дәуірі кезінде өмір сүргені және отырықшы мал шаруашылығы мен көшпенді мал шаруашылығы кәсібімен айналысқандығы туралы деректер айтылады. Жиналған керамикалар макраскопиялық тұрғыдан сарапталып, талдау жүргізіліп, сипаттамасы жасалынды. Табылған керамикалық заттар басқа жердегі керамикалық заттармен салыстырылып, тұжырымдамалар жасалынды. Сонымен қатар Шаншар-Асаршық қалажұрты Орта Азиядағы басқа қалалармен салыстырылып, архитектуралық ерекшелігі мен құрылымы айқындалды. Табылған заттай деректер арқылы ескерткіштің болжамды мерзімдемесі жасалынды. Мақалада Шаншар-Асаршық археологиялық кешенінде археологиялық қазба жұмыстарының жүргізілу қажеттіліктері айтылды.

scholarly journals Archaeological complexes of the steppe type and the problem of absolute dating of the Chust culture of the FerganaValley

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Kutimov Yu. ◽  
◽  
Tutaeva I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Painted Pottery

According to the results of natural-scientific methods of dating, the lower boundary of the absolute chronology of the Chust culture of the Fergana Valley of the Late Bronze Age — Early Iron Age is presently dated to the 15th–14th century BC. However, this date runs contrary to stratigraphic and comparative-typological evidence from the sites of the “Community of painted pottery” of Central Asia. Analysis of the mutual occurrence of Chust and steppe components at sites of the Fergana Valley allows archaeologists to define the time of the existence of the Chust culture to within the 12th–9th century BC.

scholarly journals New trajectories or accelerating change? Zooarchaeological evidence for Roman transformation of animal husbandry in Northern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Trentacoste ◽  
Ariadna Nieto-Espinet ◽  
Silvia Guimarães ◽  
Barbara Wilkens ◽  
Gabriella Petrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Scale Production

AbstractThroughout the Western provinces of the Roman Empire, greater economic and political connectivity had a major impact on agricultural production, which grew in scale and specialisation after integration with the Roman state. However, uniquely in Western Europe, farming strategies in Italy began to evolve centuries before the Roman conquest, and many ‘Roman’ patterns associated with livestock size and the relative proportions of different taxa first emerged during the early and middle centuries of the first millennium BC. These changes imply a significant reorganisation of production strategies well before Roman hegemony, even in relatively marginal areas of Italy. Zooarchaeological studies have documented further significant changes to livestock production in Roman times, but the relationship between these developments and earlier trends remains unclear. Through analysis of zooarchaeological data for species representation and livestock biometry from lowland northern Italy (Po–Friulian Plain), this study investigates animal exploitation between the Bronze Age and Late Antiquity in order to characterise the influence of Roman political and economic organisation on animal husbandry. Results demonstrated subregional variation in species representation, and different trajectories in the biometric evolution of cattle, sheep and goats, compared to pigs. Initial steps established in the Iron Age towards a more complex and dynamic livestock economy were accelerated and further reconfigured in Roman times, facilitated by Roman economic organisation and the specialised and large-scale production systems within it. Zooarchaeological trends continued to progress over the Roman period, until further changes at the very end of the chronology considered here—around the sixth century AD—suggest another wave of change.

ON THE QUESTION OF EARLY URBAN PLANNING FERGANA VALLEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Alisher Alokhunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
City States ◽  
The Bronze Age

In Central Asia, in particular, on the territory of Uzbekistan to the Bronze Age,important historical changes took place, such as the emergence of traditions of early urban culture, the emergence and development of the oldest state associations. From an archaeological point of view, this article highlights the emergence of first agricultural settlements in the Ferghana Valley, then urban-type fortresses, and later of the early city-states in the late Bronze and Early Iron Age

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