Turkish Basis in Toponimization System

Recently, three major processes are taking place in the urban space of the capital: 1) the process of national transonymization, ie the implementation of the names of newly established, renamed objects on the memorial principle (including national memoranda); 2) historical and cultural process; that is, the reproduction of object names in the nature of a national cultural symbol; 3) the process of national toponymization, ie the acquisition of common nouns. The main purpose of the article is to reveal and identify the Turkic basis of the layer of onymsformed as a result of this process of toponymization – one of the most productive internal resourcedevelopment in the urban space of the capital. That is, by conducting an etymological analysis ofthe system of urbanonymy, to show that the main source of optimized units belongs to the group ofTurkic languages.In the process of toponymization in the space of urbanism of the capital, the share of internalresource development is predominant, ie most of the layer of onyms on its onomastic map wasformed as a result of the Turkic basis. As a result, the urban design of the capital of Kazakhstan hasbecome the only historical and cultural center that meets the principles of language policy andnaming / renaming of the Republic of Kazakhstan. And we understand that the definition of thelayer of onyms in the laws of naming the internal objects of the city will be revealed in more depthby conducting a diachronic study of them.

Continuity and Peculiarities in Proto-Kazakh and Ancient Indian Early Religious Beliefs

A comparative study of the mythological picture of the world, early forms of religion allows us to identify common features characteristic of the worldview and spiritual guidelines of mankind as a whole. These features can be traced in archaic ideas about the structure of the universe, in understanding their spiritual and bodily essence, the infinity of God and the eternity of the soul, the relationship and interdependence of life forms in the world. This allows us to assert the thesis of the unity of mankind in its spiritual origins, despite racial and ethnic diversity. In the process of a comparative analysis of mythology, early forms of religion, the concept of God, the pantheon and the function of the gods, similar moments and ethnological specifics of understanding the essence of the soul and reincarnation in totemistic beliefs, in cosmological and theogonistic concepts are revealed.The author also analyzes the role and significance of the cult of ancestors, traces the evolution of the idea of proto-monotism (the creative function of Tengri and Brahma, the intention of henotheistic faith) and its place in religious knowledge.

Comparison of the Structure, Themes and Style of Gulten Akin’s Poems “Yaşlanmayan Bir Kadına Türkü” and Fariza Ungarsynova’s “Ayel”

Well-known are the poetic works of famous women poets of Turkic literatureGulten Akyn and Fariza Ungarsynova. However, these two poets tried to be harbingers of flaws insociety, and not to become famous. Although she dealt with personal themes in the early stages ofGulten Akin's poetry, in her later poems she always dealt with social issues. In this regard, FarizaUngarsynova also described the position of the masses in her poems. The image of a womanoccupies a special place in the work of these poets, who lived simultaneously in Kazakh andTurkish literature and touching upon common themes. The aim of the research is to compare theimage of a woman in the verses of two poets. In this study, the method of analyzing the text ofProfessor Sherif Aktash was used. The first part of article, which consists of two parts, tells aboutthe life and literary personality of Gulten Akyn and Fariza Ungarsynova. The second part analyzesthe poems of Gulten Akyn “Yaşlanmayan Bir Kadına Türkü” (“Folk Song for an Ageless Woman”)and Fariza Ungarsynova “Ayel” (“Woman”). The article reflects the ideology, structure(personality, time, space), subject matter, language and stylistic features of the poems, compares thesimilarities and differences of the two poems.

The Door of the Tomb of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi and the Lost Door Knockers

Valuable artifacts from the Amir Temir period in the mausoleum of Khoja AkhmetYassawi are as valuable as the names of the masters who made them, the identity of the customer inthe person of Amir Temir and the date of their creation. The article analyzes one of such uniqueworks – the door of the tomb of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi and its door knockers. In addition toexcerpts from the inscriptions on the doors and frames of the tomb and translations of hadith andwords of wisdom, the general characteristics of the tomb door are examined.Along with articles about the lost door knockers on the cemetery doors, images of doorknockers stored in the Hermitage and the inscriptions on them are analyzed. Researches of scientistson inscriptions in door knockers are compared and analyzed. The authors pay attention to the factthat the inscriptions on the door knockers and portal doors of the mausoleum are the same.Gurkhana door knockers in research are given under various names, the word door knockers aretaken conditionally. B. Tuyakbayeva, M. Tuyakbaev, A. Ivanov in their scientific works use theterm “Balgasha” (hammer), A. Muminov, M. Kozha write “Tokyldaksha” (knocker) in theirarticles, Mirzhakyp Dulatov took the word “bolat tutka” (steel handle), the authors of the book“Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmet Yassawi” used the term “Alka” (medallion).In addition to V.I. Kesaev's photograph and A. Gurzhienko's pencil drawing, which in 1959claimed that the lost hammer was preserved, images of lost door knockers from found works,scientific reports of 1947, 1949 are also described. The article offers a number of proposals and apeculiar concept.

THE WAY TO ORGANIZE AN ELECTIVE COURSE ON MECHANICS IN SPECIALIZED TRAINING

In this article, we will consider the introduction of students into the future profession through specialized training in secondary schools of Natural Sciences. An analysis of the concept of specialized training is carried out and a definition is given. Ways to increase interest in technical specialties in physics are analyzed. Ways to increase interest in technical specialties in physics are analyzed. In addition, a task has been defined that will increase the role and effectiveness of vocational guidance in schools. The main areas of implementation of these tasks include independent training, knowledge acquisition, education, formation of students 'maturity and development of individual abilities in accordance with their interests, increasing students' interest in activities, i.e. in the construction of machines, engineering, cosmology, aircraft design, satellite ships. The direct dependence of the future professional career of mankind on its initial course at school is discussed. Conducting classes based on the interests and aptitudes of students is organized through an elective course. In this regard, making sure that the tasks of mechanics are necessary for mastering the specialty, the student expands and deepens his knowledge of physics. With the help of professionally-oriented tasks, students are required to take a creative approach to solving them, are forced to think actively, are taught to apply physical knowledge in professional activities, use mathematical tools in solving problems, and develop skills in working with literature.

Lexico-semantic meanings of the word Sufi

The article examines the semantic nature of the word “Sufi”, widely used in thehistory of language. The based linguistic materials are differentiated by scientific data. The analysislooks at terminological, religious, linguistic concepts of the word, its semantic use and changes inhistorical periods, lexical and semantic concepts and functions of our language. It is also thefoundations of the formation of the word Sufi in accordance with the norms of public speech, itsentry into circulation, the period of its activity, etc. The definition of the word as a character, theconclusions of those who have completely sacrificed themselves to religion and accepted it as a wayof life, are well presented in the historical data. Periodic and systematic lines of work areconsistently offered. The life principles of those who have glorified and promoted Sufism, paved aparticular path, and formed a school of Sufism are also presented with compelling facts. Theinformation that these famous schools had their own principles, ways, and structure is based on theopinions and conclusions of scholars. In fact, if the cognitive characteristics of the worshipper,worship, action, and piety, which have special significance in human life, are subjected to specialanalysis, the method, purpose, and mission of those who follow this path are considered veryimportant. At the same time, such actions of those who make Sufism their pillar, aim at it, and set asa principle to live only by love to the Creator alone, inevitably requires special study. Therefore, theimportance of this work is reflected here, and special attention is paid to the etymological study ofthe history and semantic nature of the word. The first meaning of the word Sufi, the second name,the official meaning, has been scientifically established. The fact that from the first appearance ofthe word such issues as submission to the Creator's will, directing all thoughts and actions to theCreator, have influenced the history of the word's origin cannot be overlooked. The author revealsthe basic principles and pillars of the word, its concepts, and therefore its status in worship. In aword, the official nature of the word Sufi was defined, which determined the role and place in theformation of values in the spiritual cognition of the peoples of the Kazakh steppes.

SOME PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL WITH THE INSTILLING OF NATIONAL VALUES INTO SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES

Today, education with the instillation of national values in students is a requirement of life, a necessity of society. And what is the national cultural value? It is a unique tradition, customs and traditions of each nation. That is, spiritual and material values accumulated over the centuries.“First of all, a person should be educated, not educated. Education without it is the enemy of humanity”, said the great scientist Abu Nasir Al-Farabi. Now the XXI century is the time of education and science. But if we put our efforts into education and science, and forget about education, including national education, we will lose. After all, despite the fact that he is educated and does not absorb the national culture, he will become an eternal citizen of the nation, useless to the people. Culture says that an educated community cannot be without culture. Education, Science, and culture are based on a real Kazakh education, and a path to the top of civilization will be built.The sources of national education are folklore, oral literature, national literature, customs, traditions, noble principles, oratory, proverbs and sayings, principles of education in the works of our thinkers who were born on our native land. At the same time, the main directions of National Education will be such qualitative characteristics as national features of Family Education, kinship relations, the concept of seven fathers, maternity duty and duty, National Honor, national consciousness, national morality, patriotism, hard work, humanity.The relevance of the article is that, first of all, the formation of national consciousness in national education is one of the main prerequisites. Today, in the era of globalization, it is necessary not to copy all the cultures of Western civilization, but to take root, to take what is necessary for our nation, and secondly, education contributes to the growth of the younger generation in the sense of responsibility to society as a rich, versatile citizen of the spiritual world.

The Scientific Significance of the Search and Publication of Kazakh Fairy Tales Preserved in Manuscripts

The process of collecting and publishing Kazakh fairy tales dates back to thesecond half of the 19th century. During the period of the colonization of the Kazakh steppe by theRussian Empire, people of different professions who came here for different purposes and workedin the civil service began to pay attention not only to the registration of land wealth, but also to thestudy of samples of oral folk art. On the pages of the first editions “Turkistan ualayatynyn gazeti”,“Dala ualayatynyn gazeti”, published in the second half of the 19th century in the Kazakh languageand spreading in the Kazakh steppe, numerous folk tales were published, taken from oral folk art.Along with Russian scientists, representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia and educators were alsoengaged in the study of fairy tales. Kazakh fairy tales were published several times at the beginningof the twentieth century and after the establishment of Soviet power. After gaining independence ofKazakhstan, numerous fairy tales were published in whole volumes. At the same time, somepublications were found and re-published fairy tales that had not been previously published. Weknow that Kazakh fairy tales, collected in manuscript centers and library funds, have a rich heritage.Finding and republishing unpublished tales is an urgent need today. In the article, the author notesthe importance of searching for fairy tales in the archives of the regional level, as well as among themanuscripts collected in manuscript funds and written in Cyrillic, Arabic or Latin letters, and thepublication of these fairy tales, especially previously unknown ones. He also draws attention to thespiritual heritage of the people and the significance of fairy tales in modern folklore.

The Concept of «Power» in International Relations

The purpose of the article is to develop a definition of the concept of “force” as atool for applied analysis of modern world political problems based on materialistic theoretical andmethodological approaches. At the beginning of the 21st century, the concept of “soft power”became so widespread in international politics that it became more and more relevant ininternational relations, especially in the West, especially in the United States in the newmillennium. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were processes in the world that led tochanges in the balance of power and geopolitical integration. The system of bipolar internationalrelations, which existed until the early 90s of the twentieth century, has been abolished and replacedby a new global structure, which has changed the situation in all countries. In this process, China,which has become a world economic leader in the second millennium, has also skillfully used softpower in international politics, promoting its ancient civilization and values.To achieve this goal,the article is supposed to solve two major and mutually dependent research tasks. On the one hand,it will be necessary to critically analyze existing approaches to the conceptualization of the problemof force in terms of their application to the applied analysis of modern international politicalrealities. On the other hand, it will be necessary to identify current trends in changing the contentand nature of power relations between the subjects of world politics.

A Narratologıcal Perspectıve On Death And Grıef İn Chıldren's Lıerature: “The Ghost Postman” Example

“The Ghost Postman” to be analyzed is a children's picture story book. Theadventure of a child in the process of mourning in this book, in which he accepts death by using hisimagination with the help of his mother, also carries a reference to sleep, which is the mostimportant door that opens to the subconscious. While the story was being told, the pictures werealso spoken. The subject of death, which is widely covered and general, is incomprehensible likeother abstract concepts in the world of children. Losing and mourning a loved one causes mentaltrauma, even for adults, while the loss of a parent seems more difficult for a child to understand andaccept. However, the child who looks at death from his own world, from the game window, acceptsthis fact more easily. Because he lives in a world with no borders, intertwined with dreams andreality, and he has decorated it with his dreams. In Ghost Postman, the child's exit from thismourning process is explained and made more evident with pictures. The theme of this story,written by Nurgul Atesh, is love, and it is intended to convey the message that people can overcomeall difficulties with the power of love, overcome the difficulties encountered, and turn negativitiesinto beauty by imagining.