cattle breeding
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2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
N. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
A. Yu. Kozlovskaya

ООО «PskovAgroInvest» pays great attention to the rearing of replacement young animals. The rate of increase in the intensity of raising heifers on the farm meets the standards and requirements of pedigree dairy cattle breeding. The farm uses stage-bystage rearing of replacement young stock, taking into account its age. A group approach to rearing young animals. Replacement heifers use natural and cultivated pastures in the summer. In recent years, the age of replacement heifers at the first insemination has noticeably decreased and approached the norm. At the same time, the live weight of animals at the first insemination increased, which in 2020 amounted to 460 kg, which opens up prospects for a further decrease in the age of the first insemination. This became possible due to an increase in the average daily growth in cultivation, which regularly increases every year and amounts to 756 g in 2020, which is 98 g, or 14.9%, more than in 2016. From table 2 it follows that in recent years, at all age periods, replacement heifers had a live weight exceeding the breed standard, which is 250 kg at 10-month-old, 290 kg at 12-month-old and 390 kg at 18-month-old age. At the same time, an increase in the average live weight of the replacement livestock is observed every year. So, in 2020, the value of the indicator was 278 kg at the age of 10 months, 331 kg at the age of 12 months, 463 kg at the age of 18 months, which is 16 kg, 54 kg and 75 kg, or 6.1%, 19, 5% and 19.3%, more than in 2016, respectively. Thus, the analyzed period allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of zootechnical work to improve the rearing of replacement heifers on the farm, but it must be continued in order to reduce the age of first insemination to 15–17 months with the optimal live weight of the livestock.


SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Camila Bortoliero Costa ◽  
◽  
Tamires Korchovei Sanches ◽  
Mariana Moreira dos Anjos ◽  
Deborah Nakayama Yokomizo ◽  
...  

In vitro embryo production (IVEP) is used to develop high-quality genetics associated with intergenerational genetic gain. It is characterized by acquisition (in vivo or post-mortem) and maturation (MIV) of oocytes from donors, followed by fertilization (FIV) of matured oocytes and culture (IVC) of embryos, which are then sent to transferred or cryopreserved. Even with extensive knowledge on IVEP, some biochemical and hormonal regulations that involve embryonic development are still unknown, leading to a low overall efficiency of the biotechnological process. Although in vitro developed embryos have a lower quality than that produced in vivo, in terms of resistance to challenging events, IVEP presents itself as a potential biotechnology. In cattle breeding, reproductive biotechnologies are key to increase and improve the genetic improvement of the herd, associated with productive and reproductive efficiency. In this article, the steps and strategies of IVEP and its contribution to reproduction in the cattle sector are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1452-1458
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pleshkov

The article presents the results of assessing reproductive biotechnology for cattle breeding. The issues of obtaining genetic material from bulls-producers and oocytes from donor cows, for their further cultivation and obtaining embryos, in order to replicate highly productive offspring from valuable animals, are considered. Oocyte production was analyzed in three different ways: puncture, section, and aspiration. A total number of 156 oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCCs) were collected out of 40 ovaries by puncture – 50 pcs, section – 47 pcs, and aspiration – 59 pcs. The results showed that puncture and section gave significantly higher total OCCs per an ovary (4.16 and 4.0, respectively) than aspiration (3.68), but a higher number of normal (grade A and B) OCCs per an ovary was observed with aspiration (2.5) than with puncture (1.82) and section (2.00). During aspiration, oocyte-cumulus complexes were collected from the surface of follicles with a diameter of 3 to 8 mm using a needle. During puncture, all surfaces were pierced with a hypodermic needle; during section, incisions were made along the entire ovarian surface with a scalpel, that is, all sizes of superficial follicles were collected. OCCs were divided into 4 classes based on cumulus and nucleus cells: grade A – oocytes completely surrounded by cumulus cells; Grade B – oocytes partially surrounded by cumulus cells; Grade C – oocytes not surrounded by cumulus cells; and grade D – degeneration observed in both oocyte and cumulus cells. Grades A and B were considered normal, while grades C and D were considered to be damaged. The obtained oocytes were cultured and fertilized in vitro, which means that their fertilization with sperm occurred under artificially maintained optimal conditions outside the body. Normal fertilization results are zygote formation with male and female pronuclei (PN). As a result of the conducted fertilization of 251 mature oocytes, 142 fertilizations were successful, which amounted to 56.57%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Günel Sərdar qızı Əmiri ◽  
Keyword(s):  

Tədqiqat işi Şəmkir rayonunda yerləşən “Süleyman” kəndli fermer təsərrüfatında, “Zoomühəndislik fakültəsinin” “Heyvandarlıq məhsullarının istehsalı texnologiyası” kafedra-sının laboratoriyasında aparılmışdır. Tədqiqat zamanı Gəncə-Qazax zonasında iri buynuzlu heyvanların qidalı maddələrə olan tələbatının hesablanması və yem rasionunun tərtibinin öyrənilməsi, elmi tədqiqat işlərinin istifadə edilməsinin əhəmiyyəti və keyfiyyəti göstərilmişdir. Heyvanların böyüməsi, inkişafı, məhsuldarlığı iri buynuzlu heyvanların damazlıq keyfiyyətinin təkmilləşdirilməsi xeyli dərəcədə tam qiymətli yemləmədən asılıdır. İri buynuzlu heyvanların tam dəyərli yem rasionu ilə yemləndirilməsi nəinki çəki artımının yüksəlməsinə, həmçinin yemlərin və yem payının tərkibində olan qida maddələrinin orqanizm tərəfindən yaxşı mənimsənilməsinə müsbət təsir göstərir. Açar sözlər: inək, qidalı maddələr, yem rasionu, saxlayıcı yem, məhsuldar yem, reproduktiv yem, Ca, P, NaCl, karotin


Author(s):  
Nataliia Hr. KOPYTETS ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr M. VOLOSHYN ◽  

The purpose of the study was to investigate and determine the role of households in beef production on the basis of the generalization of theoretical provisions and the analysis of analytical data. In the course of the research it was revealed that in Ukraine, in the market conditions of management, an important role was given to entrepreneurship. There are three main groups of agricultural producers in Ukraine: agricultural enterprises, farms and households. The dynamics of cattle in terms of farm categories is shown. The main factors influencing the reduction of cattle and beef production in the current economic conditions have been identified. The structure of beef production is analyzed and the main producers are identified. It is difficult to estimate the role of households in beef and veal production. The main problem of the beef and veal market is the reduction of the commercial attractiveness of the livestock industry, which leads to a reduction in the number of cattle and, consequently, a reduction in meat production. The development of beef production in households is substantiated. In general, for most rural households engaged in cattle breeding in Ukraine and developing countries, livestock production was a source of food and cash, a means of survival.


Author(s):  
Hamdi Mayulu ◽  
Irsan Tricahyadinata ◽  
Agus Soepriyadi

Livestock is an integral part of agriculture which significantly contributes to the economic and socio-economic development. Based on its potential in natural resources and human resources, East Kalimantan Province has opportunity to become a beef cattle development area. The development of a corporate-based beef cattle breeding area is an approach which taken toward industrial and business-oriented beef cattle breeding. The concept of breeder corporation will create new strengths such as strengths in human resources, capital, and banking in business development, which can more open the opportunities for the success and growth of the breeder's business. The development of a corporate-based beef cattle breeding area provides opportunities, including: 1) improving the competitiveness and added value of the region and beef cattle commodities in order to support national sustainable food security; 2) strengthening the livestock business system in one area management in a holistic manner; and 3) strengthening breeders institutions in accessing information, technology, public facilities and infrastructure, capital, processing and marketing, so that the concept is expected to be applied in East Kalimantan Province.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Pinta Aftaprilia Rizki Ananda ◽  
Rita Nurmalina ◽  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin ◽  
Harry Suhada

Beef cattle breeding is one of the most important production factors and the quality of beef cattle breeds can affect the level of beef production. The increase in demand for beef is not followed by an increase in population and national beef productivity. The government is trying to fulfil the needs of domestic cattle breeds by establishing a Technical Implementation Unit for beef cattle breeding in various regions, one of which is Padang Mengatas BPTU-HPT. The most widely bred cattle breeders are local cattle, called pesisir’s cattle. Pesisir’s cattle are local cattle that have the potential to be developed because have several advantages over other local cattle. Therefore, in this study, it is needed to analyze the sustainability of pesisir’s cattle breeds in BPTU-HPT Padang Mengatas because pesisir’s cattle an important role as a meat supplier in West Sumatra whose population has decreased, it is necessary to see how sustainable the pesisir’s cattle are so that the supply of meat in West Sumatra is available sustainably with the germplasm of locally owned cattle. Data were processed using the Rap-Local Beef Cattle Breeding ordination technique through the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method for sustainability analysis. Our results indicated the sustainability status of pesisir’s cattle breeding in multidimensional is quite sustainable because the index value is at an interval of 50,01 until 75,00 with a value of 72,89 in the economic dimension 67,96 in the ecological dimension 67,78 in the social dimension and 56,04 in the technological dimension.


Author(s):  
V. I. Shevelev ◽  
S. N. Nikulina ◽  
I. N. Sheveleva ◽  
E. N. Kostomakhina

In a market economy, the prime-cost of production is the most important indicator of the financial and economic activity of any economic entity. It is a cost estimate of all resources used in the production process of the industry: feed, animal protection products, materials, fuel, energy, fixed assets, labour, natural and other costs associated with its production and sale. The purpose of the work was to calculate the prime-cost of production when rearing of young animals in dairy and beef cattle breeding in the Kurgan region. The analysis has shown that according to the years of observations less than half of livestock products were produced in agricultural organizations of the region: meat – 36,3–38,6 %, milk – 29,3–30,6 %. Egg production in agricultural organizations was at the level of 13 %. The correct choice of objects of calculation and calculation units, as well as the use of special methodological recommendations for accounting production costs and calculating the prime-cost of products (works, services) in agricultural organizations allows us to more accurately determine the prime-cost in dairy and beef cattle breeding. Despite the great attention to the individual aspects of cost accounting and calculating the prime-cost of agricultural production, there is still a need and importance of a more detailed study and further improvement of accounting and calculation of meat and dairy cattle products. The prime-cost of the gain in the live weight of young cattle can be calculated by different methods, but at the same time the selected option must be fixed in the accounting policy of the organization.


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