Development of Face-Processing Ability in Childhood

2013 ◽  
pp. 337-337
Author(s):  
Gizelle Anzures ◽  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Olivier Pascalis ◽  
Alan Slater ◽  
Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Faces are arguably the most significant visual stimuli in children’s social environment. Much of children’s adaptive social functioning relies on their success in extracting crucial information from the faces of their social partners. In this chapter, we provide an exhaustive review of both classic and current research on the development of face processing from infancy to adolescence. The topics covered range from the processing of facial attractiveness to face categorization and recognition. In addition to behavioral studies, we also review the most recent developmental neuroscience findings regarding the neural mechanisms underlying the development of face-processing ability. Major theoretical issues and future directions of research are discussed.

Development of Face-Processing Ability in Childhood

2013 ◽  
pp. 337-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Lee ◽  
Paul C. Quinn ◽  
Olivier Pascalis ◽  
Alan Slater
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Faces are arguably the most significant visual stimuli in children’s social environment. Much of children’s adaptive social functioning relies on their success in extracting crucial information from the faces of their social partners. In this chapter, we provide an exhaustive review of both classic and current research on the development of face processing from infancy to adolescence. The topics covered range from the processing of facial attractiveness to face categorization and recognition. In addition to behavioral studies, we also review the most recent developmental neuroscience findings regarding the neural mechanisms underlying the development of face-processing ability. Major theoretical issues and future directions of research are discussed.

scholarly journals Neural Dynamics of Cognitive Control over Working Memory Capture of Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Whitehead ◽  
Mathilde M. Ooi ◽  
Tobias Egner ◽  
Marty G. Woldorff
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Search Display ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Behavioral Studies

The contents of working memory (WM) guide visual attention toward matching features, with visual search being faster when the target and a feature of an item held in WM spatially overlap (validly cued) than when they occur at different locations (invalidly cued). Recent behavioral studies have indicated that attentional capture by WM content can be modulated by cognitive control: When WM cues are reliably helpful to visual search (predictably valid), capture is enhanced, but when reliably detrimental (predictably invalid), capture is attenuated. The neural mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood, however. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of ERPs time-locked to the onset of the search display to determine how and at what processing stage cognitive control modulates the search process. We manipulated predictability by grouping trials into unpredictable (50% valid/invalid) and predictable (100% valid, 100% invalid) blocks. Behavioral results confirmed that predictability modulated WM-related capture. Comparison of ERPs to the search arrays showed that the N2pc, a posteriorly distributed signature of initial attentional orienting toward a lateralized target, was not impacted by target validity predictability. However, a longer latency, more anterior, lateralized effect—here, termed the “contralateral attention-related negativity”—was reduced under predictable conditions. This reduction interacted with validity, with substantially greater reduction for invalid than valid trials. These data suggest cognitive control over attentional capture by WM content does not affect the initial attentional-orienting process but can reduce the need to marshal later control mechanisms for processing relevant items in the visual world.

scholarly journals Human spatial representation: what we cannot learn from the studies of rodent navigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 2453-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Navigation ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Shed Light

Studies of human and rodent navigation often reveal a remarkable cross-species similarity between the cognitive and neural mechanisms of navigation. Such cross-species resemblance often overshadows some critical differences between how humans and nonhuman animals navigate. In this review, I propose that a navigation system requires both a storage system (i.e., representing spatial information) and a positioning system (i.e., sensing spatial information) to operate. I then argue that the way humans represent spatial information is different from that inferred from the cellular activity observed during rodent navigation. Such difference spans the whole hierarchy of spatial representation, from representing the structure of an environment to the representation of subregions of an environment, routes and paths, and the distance and direction relative to a goal location. These cross-species inconsistencies suggest that what we learn from rodent navigation does not always transfer to human navigation. Finally, I argue for closing the loop for the dominant, unidirectional animal-to-human approach in navigation research so that insights from behavioral studies of human navigation may also flow back to shed light on the cellular mechanisms of navigation for both humans and other mammals (i.e., a human-to-animal approach).

scholarly journals Cortical networks for face perception in two-month-old infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1793) ◽  
pp. 20141468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamami Nakano ◽  
Kazuko Nakatani
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Functional Pathways ◽  
Preference Behaviour ◽  
Functional Deterioration

Newborns have an innate system for preferentially looking at an upright human face. This face preference behaviour disappears at approximately one month of age and reappears a few months later. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this U-shaped behavioural change remain unclear. Here, we isolate the functional development of the cortical visual pathway for face processing using S-cone-isolating stimulation, which blinds the subcortical visual pathway. Using luminance stimuli, which are conveyed by both the subcortical and cortical visual pathways, the preference for upright faces was not observed in two-month-old infants, but it was observed in four- and six-month-old infants, confirming the recovery phase of the U-shaped development. By contrast, using S-cone stimuli, two-month-old infants already showed a preference for upright faces, as did four- and six-month-old infants, demonstrating that the cortical visual pathway for face processing is already functioning at the bottom of the U-shape at two months of age. The present results suggest that the transient functional deterioration stems from a conflict between the subcortical and cortical functional pathways, and that the recovery thereafter involves establishing a level of coordination between the two pathways.

A translational neuroscience framework for the development of socioemotional functioning in health and psychopathology

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1293-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Lee Wiggins ◽  
Christopher S. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Socioemotional Development ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Socioemotional Functioning ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Pediatric Depression ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

AbstractThe development of socioemotional functioning is a complex process that occurs over a protracted time period and requires coordinating affective, cognitive, and social faculties. At many points in development, the trajectory of socioemotional development can be deleteriously altered due to a combination of environmental insults and individual vulnerabilities. The result can be psychopathology. However, researchers are just beginning to understand the neural and genetic mechanisms involved in the development of healthy and disordered socioemotional functioning. We propose a translational developmental neuroscience framework to understand the transactional process that results in socioemotional functioning in both healthy and disordered populations. We then apply this framework to healthy socioemotional development, pediatric anxiety, pediatric depression, and autism spectrum disorder, selectively reviewing current literature in light of the framework. Finally, we examine ways that the framework can help to frame future directions of research on socioemotional development and translational implications for intervention.

scholarly journals Individual differences in face processing ability and consistency in visual strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Jessica Royer ◽  
Isabelle Charbonneau ◽  
Gabrielle Dugas ◽  
Valerie Plouffe ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Visual Strategies

scholarly journals The Effect of Home-Schooling on Face Processing Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Lindsey Short ◽  
Benjamin Balas ◽  
Cassandra Wilson ◽  
Matthew Linzel
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Home Schooling ◽  
Processing Ability

scholarly journals Future Directions in Global Inequality Research

2002 ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bata ◽  
Albert Bergesen
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This is Part II of the special issue on global inequality. The articles in thisissue extend some of the theoretical issues raised in the ?rst issue. By focusing on speci?c regions and comparing the development of global inequalities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the articles in this issue suggest new directions in global inequality research.

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