Co-Creation of a Multi-Component Health Literacy Intervention Targeting Both Patients with Mild to Severe Chronic Kidney Disease and Health Care Professionals

Limited health literacy (LHL) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and frequently associated with worse self-management. Multi-component interventions targeted at patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) are recommended, but evidence is limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the objectives and strategies of such an intervention, and to develop, produce and evaluate it. For this purpose, we included CKD patients with LHL (n = 19), HCPs (n = 15), educators (n = 3) and students (n = 4) from general practices, nephrology clinics and universities in an Intervention Mapping (IM) process. The determined intervention objectives especially address the patients’ competences in maintaining self-management in the long term, and communication competences of patients and HCPs. Patients preferred visual strategies and strategies supporting discussion of needs and barriers during consultations to written and digital strategies. Moreover, they preferred an individual approach to group meetings. We produced a four-component intervention, consisting of a visually attractive website and topic-based brochures, consultation cards for patients, and training on LHL for HCPs. Evaluation revealed that the intervention was useful, comprehensible and fitting for patients’ needs. Healthcare organizations need to use visual strategies more in patient education, be careful with digitalization and group meetings, and train HCPs to improve care for patients with LHL. Large-scale research on the effectiveness of similar HL interventions is needed.

The Iconography of Early Christian Roman Art

Focusing on works of art produced in the third and early fourth centuries, this chapter considers works in four media—sculpture, painting, mosaic, and textile—in order to illuminate how artists working for Christian patrons adapted and ultimately transformed earlier Roman visual traditions. While some traditional Roman media such as sculpture went out of fashion in the period, iconographies were transferred from three- to two-dimensional forms such as mosaics, which became popular in church interiors. Christian image programs in spaces of worship as well as burial used visual strategies such as typology, the comparison of events from the Old and New Testaments, to present statements of belief, including the hope for salvation after death. Many of the images of “Christian art” were also popular with pagans and Jews but took on particular meanings in the context of spaces used by Christians.

Expendable or valuable?

This study explores the impact of organizational changes on newspaper photo departments, an area of newsrooms that have arguably been particularly affected by structural changes in the field of journalism Through qualitative interviews with editors responsible for photojournalism at five Swedish newspapers that have experienced recent changes to photo staffing and routines for the sourcing of images, the study explores the following questions: Which routines do the newspapers have for sourcing images, in terms of in-house staff and external sources? How do notions of visual quality and external factors, such as audiences and competition, contribute to shaping the newspapers’ visual strategies? Findings indicate that newspapers rely on staff photojournalists for unique and in-depth coverage, but less for routine and breaking news. A certain expansion of photojournalism was found in some newsrooms where it is seen as a competitive edge; which, in part, challenges a “discourse of doom.” Uncertainty about the support for visual strategies in newsrooms lacking visual leadership was also found.

Farmer Wants a (Swedish) Wife

In this article we discuss discourses of white mobility in reality television, a genre whose problematic post-racial and neoliberal discourses have long been exposed. Moving beyond the widely researched Anglophone media landscapes, we interrogate the discursive construction of white mobilities in the Swedish romance reality show Bonde Söker Fru – Jorden Runt (TV4, 2019–2020) [Farmer Seeks Wife – Around the World] where Swedish North-to-South migrants working as farmers abroad seek a partner from Sweden through the assistance of reality TV. By focusing on the discursive and visual strategies through which the show perpetuates racial hierarchies, we discuss the colonial imaginaries, the absence of border policies (such as residency, employment, or integration), and the significance of individual migratory preferences in the mobility discourses. We identify three forms of white mobility – the tourist, the adventurer, and the philanthropist – and show that migration is depicted as something reversible, an adventure, and a possibility for self-development, rather than a life-long decision with high stakes.

Nina Goga, Sarah Hoem Iversen & Anne-Stefi Teigland (red.), Verbal and Visual Strategies in Nonfiction Picturebooks: Theoretical and Analytical Approaches

Review/Recension

Elements in the biographical discourse of the documentary Ole Bull

The article discusses how the biographical is represented in the documentary Ole Bull (Aarhus 2006), a film about the world-famous Norwegian composer and violin virtuoso (1810–80). It focuses on the biographical discourse – that is, by what kind of stylistic devices his life story is told and the audio-visual strategies the film employs to make the past present.

Identification and Evaluation of Effective Strategies in a Dynamic Visual Task Using Eye Gaze Dynamics

Simulation-based training utilising visual displays are common in many defence and civil domains. The performance of individuals in these tasks depends on their ability to employ effective visual strategies. Quantifying the performance of the trainees is vitally important when assessing training effectiveness and developing future training requirements. The approach, attitudes and processes of an individual’s learning varies from one to another. In this light, some visual strategies may be better suited to the dynamics of a task environment than others, the result of which could be observed in the superior performance outcomes of some individuals. In this study, eye gaze data is used to investigate the relationship between performance outcomes and visual strategies. In an attempt to emulate real operational settings, a challenging task environment using multiple targets that had minimal salient features was selected for the study. Eye gaze of participants performing a simulation-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) refuelling task was used to facilitate the investigation. Cross recurrence quantification analysis (CRQA) and Epistemic network analysis (ENA) were employed on eye gaze data to provide spatial-temporal mapping of visual strategies. A CRQA measure of recurrence rate was used to observe participants’ fixation interest on various regions of the task environment. The recurrence behaviours were categorised into cases of visual strategies using an unsupervised clustering algorithm. This article discusses the relationship between the visual strategy cases and performance outcomes to observe which are the most effective. Using the relationship between recurrence rates and performance outcomes, we demonstrate and discuss a gaze-based measure that could objectively quantify performance.