A RED MAPLE, SILVER MAPLE HYBRID

1941 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER M. FREEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Red Maple ◽  
Silver Maple

scholarly journals Water Requirements of Five Container-Grown Acer Species

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Virginia M. Schnipke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Slow Growing

Relative water demand, RWD, of 2-year-old containerized seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.), silver maple (A. saccharinum L.), Norway Maple (A. platanoides L.) and boxelder (A. negundo L.) was determined by comparing potential evapotranspiration rates and actual water consumption values with growth rates for each species. Based on differences in growth rate, each species was determined to be either fast growing (red maple, silver maple, boxelder) or slow growing (sugar maple, Norway maple). Fast growing species used the most water over the 3-month experimental period (June-August), and had the higher RWD. The actual irrigation demand for each species was closely correlated with monthly potential evapotranspiration rates as determined by the Thornthwaite equation.

scholarly journals Wound Compartmentalization in Cultivars of Acer, Gleditsia, and Other Genera

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Frank S. Santamour
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Wood Discoloration ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Callery Pear

Results of studies on a broad range of plant material (20 cultivars in 7 genera) suggest that most, if not all, landscape tree culttvars that have been successfully commercially propagated by budding or grafting are strong wound compartmentalizers. All of the cultivars tested with chisel wounds on mature trees or young plants exhibited strong wound compartmentalization that prevented wood discoloration from occurring in tissue internal to the wound zone. These included red maple cultivars ‘Armstrong,’ ‘Autumn Flame,’ ‘Bowhall,’ ‘Gerling,’ ‘October Glory,’ ‘Red Sunset,’ ‘Scarlet Sentinel,’ ‘Tilford,’ ‘V.J. Drake,’ and ‘Wageri’; Norway maple ‘Emerald Queen’; silver maple ‘Silver Queen’; honeylocust ‘Majestic,’ ‘Skyline,’ and ‘Sunburst’; ginkgo ‘Pendula’; Callery pear ‘Bradford’; green ash ‘Marshall Seedless’; American linden ‘Nova’; and ‘Regent’ scholartree.

scholarly journals Root-zone Stress Effects on Water Relations and Growth of Silver, Red, and Freeman Maples

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 576a-576
Author(s):  
James A. Zwack ◽  
Anthony S. Aiello ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Freeman maples (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) are suspected to be more resistant to environmental stress than red maples (A. rubrum L.) because the lineage of Freeman maple includes silver maple (A. saccharinum L.). Little is known, however, about stress resistance of silver maple, and few data from direct comparisons of red and Freeman maples are available. Our objectives were to determine effects of root-zone heat on silver maples from northern and southern provenances, and to compare red and Freeman maple cultivars for resistance to rootzone heat stress and drought. There were no provenance-by-temperature interactions when silver maples from 33.3°N (Mississippi) and 44.4°N (Minnesota) latitude were grown with root zones at 29 and 35°C. Plants from 44.4°N latitude had 36% higher fresh mass, 43% more leaf surface area, and 35% and 59% higher, respectively, root and shoot dry masses than plants from 33.3°N latitude. Midday xylem water potential was 68% more negative for plants at 35°C than for plants at 29°C, and transpiration rate was 129% less for plants with root zones at 35°C than for those with root zones at 29°C. During preliminary work with Autumn Flame and Franksred red maple and Indian Summer and Jeffersred Freeman maples, rooted cuttings were grown in 25 and 37°C root zones under both drought and nondrought conditions. Reductions in growth at 37°C were similar for all cultivars. Results of this work could influence development, marketing, and use of Freeman maples.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of species-diagnostic ISSR and SCAR DNA markers for differentiating red maple (Acer rubrum) and silver maple (A. saccharinum)

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Boyd ◽  
Mary Anne Panoyan ◽  
Paul Michael ◽  
Kabwe K. Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Issr Primers

Red maple (Acer rubrum) and silver maple (A. saccharinum) are sister species that readily hybridize in nature. No genetic or barcoding markers have been tested in these species. The main objective of the present study is to develop and characterize molecular markers for distinguishing A. rubrum and A. saccharinum and to validate the hybridity of A. freemanii derived from their crossings using the ISSR marker system. Thirteen A. rubrum and seven A. saccharinum populations were used. Four ISSR primers including ISSR 5, ISSR 8, ISSR 10, and ISSR UBC 825 were selected to amplify genomic DNA from the two species and their hybrids. Each primer generated at least one species-diagnostic ISSR marker for a total of six. Analysis of A. freemanii collected from North Dakota (USA) confirmed that the genotypes screened were true hybrids between A. rubrum and A. saccharinum. These markers were cloned and sequenced. Successful sequences were converted to SCAR markers using specifically designed primers. Overall, the developed diagnostic and specific ISSR and SCAR markers are useful in the certification of these two maple species and their hybrids. They can be used in tracking the introgression of A. rubrum and A. saccharinum DNA in other hybrid trees or populations.

scholarly journals Use of Single-Primer DNA Amplifications for the Identification of Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Cultivars

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Krahl ◽  
Michael A. Dirr ◽  
Tracy M. Halward ◽  
Gary D. Kochert ◽  
William M. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Single Primer

Abstract Positive cultivar identification is often difficult or impossible based solely on morphological traits. A technique ensuring reliable, repeatable, and unique cultivar identification is needed. The use of molecular markers offers such a technique, allowing assessment of fine levels of variation directly at the DNA level. In this study, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were investigated for their utility to identify red maple cultivars. Three out of nineteen primers tested resulted in unique banding patterns for all the maples tested, including 9 red maple clones, 5 silver maple seedlings, and 4 purported interspecific cultivars. The red maple cultivars ‘Red Sunset’ and ‘October Glory’, which are almost indistinguishable morphologically as young trees, were clearly distinguished using RAPD markers. RAPD markers provide a consistently reliable technique for red maple cultivar identification.

Factors controlling denitrification rates in upland and swamp forests

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy G. Merrill ◽  
Donald R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Potential Nitrification ◽  
Intact Soil Cores ◽  
Intact Soil

Spatial patterns of denitrification and temporal variation in the factors controlling this process were studied in three forested ecosystems in northern Lower Michigan. Two forest stands were randomly located within each of two well-drained upland forests (sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum and sugar maple–basswood/Osmorhiza ecosystems) and one swamp ecosystem (silver maple–red maple/Osmunda ecosystem). Potential N mineralization, nitrification, and microbial respiration were measured in each forest stand using a 33-week laboratory incubation. Factors controlling denitrification were investigated in each ecosystem by treating soil samples with factorial combinations of NO3−, C, and Ar (anaerobic conditions). We also investigated the separate production of N2 and N2O during denitrification, and the factors controlling these fluxes, in a different experiment. Seasonal patterns of denitrification were quantified using an intact soil core method. Potential nitrification and microbial respiration were consistently highest in the swamp forest and lowest in the sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum ecosystem (582 vs. 3 μg NO3−-N•g−1 and 5275 vs. 1254 μg CO2-C•g−1, respectively). Nitrate availability was the most important factor controlling denitrification in the swamp ecosystem, whereas increased soil water content resulted in the greatest response in the upland forests. Although NO3− significantly increased denitrification in the upland ecosystems, water additions elicited an even greater response. In addition, N2O production in the upland forests accounted for 70 to 90% of the total gaseous N loss; N2O accounted for only 25% of this loss in the swamp forest. Mean denitrification (intact soil cores) in the sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum ecosystem (12 μg N2O-N•m−2•d−1) was significantly lower than rates measured in the sugar maple–bass-wood/Osmorhiza and silver maple–red maple/Osmunda ecosystems (24 and 39 μg N2O-N•m−2•d−1, respectively). Denitrification reached a maximum during June and July in the sugar maple–basswood/Osmorhiza ecosystem, whereas peaks occurred in May and September in the silver maple–red maple/Osmunda ecosystem. Denitrification in the sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum forest was variable throughout the year and consistently low. Although variability was high, results suggest that denitrification and the factors controlling this process can be predicted using the spatial distribution of ecosystems.

scholarly journals Studies on DNA Polymorphism of Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 783A-783
Author(s):  
A. Virginia Freire ◽  
John E. Preece ◽  
David A. Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Natural Range

Silver maple has great potential as a biomass feedstock. We compared three clones from each of seven provenances located on east to west and north to south transects across the natural range of silver maple and one red maple. DNA extracted by a modification of the CTAB technique (Murray and Thompson, 1980) was not suitable for RAPD analysis. Using this technique, polymorphism was either not reproducible or there was poor amplification for some clones. A new DNA extraction technique using PVPP, chloroform, and cesium chloride was tested (a modification of Yoon et al., 1991). this method yielded DNA that was more suitable for PCR amplification. Both RAPD and DAF (Caetano-Anolles and Gresshoff, 1994) methods were used for amplification. Polymorphism was detected among and within provenances. DAF was more efficient than RAPDs for determination of the genetic relationship among silver maple clones.

The effects of paclobutrazol, abscisic acid, and gibberellin on germination and early growth in silver, red, and hybrid maple

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marshall ◽  
Tannis Beardmore ◽  
Carry Anne Whittle ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Robert G Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Brief Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Method ◽  
Recalcitrant Seed ◽  
Silver Maple

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) seeds were used to examine the mechanisms regulating recalcitrant seed germination aiming towards the development of a biochemical method to temporarily inhibit germination without refrigeration. Treatment of fresh silver maple seeds with the cytochrome P450 inhibitor paclobutrazol delayed germination and reduced root and shoot extension. The inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol plus abscisic acid (ABA) on the shoots of silver maple could not be overcome by a brief treatment with gibberellic acid A3 (GA3). Red maple seeds (Acer rubrum L.) were almost completely inhibited by the treatment with paclobutrazol alone, and this inhibition could not be overcome by a brief treatment with GA3. In the red × silver hybrid, root growth was little affected by paclobutrazol plus ABA; however, shoot growth was markedly inhibited by paclobutrazol, and this inhibition was sharply increased by the combination with ABA but partially alleviated by GA3. Treating fresh silver maple seeds with paclobutrazol for 12 h followed by storage under ideal germination conditions, in the presence of 1 mM ABA, completely prevented germination for 1 week. Root extension was completely restored by the continuous provision of GA3 along with the ABA.

scholarly journals Growth and Fall Color of Red Maple Selections in the Southeastern United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
William A. Dozier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Height Increase

Abstract Nine red maple (Acer rubrum L.) cultivars (‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Fairview Flame’, ‘Franksred’, ‘Karpick’, ‘Northwood’, ‘October Glory’, ‘Redskin’, ‘Schlesingeri’, and ‘Tilford’), three Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii, interspecific cross between red maple and silver maple) cultivars (‘Autumn Blaze’, ‘Morgan’, and ‘Scarsen’), and a group of A. rubrum seedlings were evaluated in a field study with trickle irrigation for growth rates and fall color. ‘Autumn Blaze’, ‘Morgan’, ‘Scarsen’, and ‘Autumn Flame’ increased the most in height and diameter annually. Height increase was least for ‘Northwood’. ‘Northwood’ and ‘Karpick’ increased least in diameter annually. Considerable variation in initiation, peak, and duration of fall color, and time of defoliation were evident among cultivars. ‘Fairview Flame’ and ‘October Glory’ exhibited superior fall color while ‘Northwood’, ‘Morgan’, and ‘Redskin’ had poor fall color.

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