scholarly journals Wound Compartmentalization in Cultivars of Acer, Gleditsia, and Other Genera

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Frank S. Santamour
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Wood Discoloration ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Callery Pear

Results of studies on a broad range of plant material (20 cultivars in 7 genera) suggest that most, if not all, landscape tree culttvars that have been successfully commercially propagated by budding or grafting are strong wound compartmentalizers. All of the cultivars tested with chisel wounds on mature trees or young plants exhibited strong wound compartmentalization that prevented wood discoloration from occurring in tissue internal to the wound zone. These included red maple cultivars ‘Armstrong,’ ‘Autumn Flame,’ ‘Bowhall,’ ‘Gerling,’ ‘October Glory,’ ‘Red Sunset,’ ‘Scarlet Sentinel,’ ‘Tilford,’ ‘V.J. Drake,’ and ‘Wageri’; Norway maple ‘Emerald Queen’; silver maple ‘Silver Queen’; honeylocust ‘Majestic,’ ‘Skyline,’ and ‘Sunburst’; ginkgo ‘Pendula’; Callery pear ‘Bradford’; green ash ‘Marshall Seedless’; American linden ‘Nova’; and ‘Regent’ scholartree.

scholarly journals Water Requirements of Five Container-Grown Acer Species

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Virginia M. Schnipke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Slow Growing

Relative water demand, RWD, of 2-year-old containerized seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.), silver maple (A. saccharinum L.), Norway Maple (A. platanoides L.) and boxelder (A. negundo L.) was determined by comparing potential evapotranspiration rates and actual water consumption values with growth rates for each species. Based on differences in growth rate, each species was determined to be either fast growing (red maple, silver maple, boxelder) or slow growing (sugar maple, Norway maple). Fast growing species used the most water over the 3-month experimental period (June-August), and had the higher RWD. The actual irrigation demand for each species was closely correlated with monthly potential evapotranspiration rates as determined by the Thornthwaite equation.

scholarly journals Weed Control for Pot-In-Pot Production using Preemergence Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare ◽  
Patricia Knight ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
James Altland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to investigate herbicides currently labeled for field and/or container production for use in pot-in-pot production. Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.), red maple (Acer rubrum Spach. ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Franksred’), ornamental pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne. ‘Bradford’ and ‘Cleveland Select’), river birch (Betula nigra L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. and F. pennsylvanica Marsh.‘Marshall's Seedless’), and zelkova (Zelkova serrata Spach ‘Village Green’) were evaluated for herbicide tolerance. Barricade 65WG, Surflan 4AS, and Pendulum 60WDG, used alone or in combination with Princep and Gallery 75 DF, had no adverse effect on tree shoot growth or trunk caliper growth when applied as a directed band application. Weed control varied depending upon local site conditions, herbicide rate and weed species.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF FIELD-GROWN NORWAY MAPLE AND GREEN ASH TREES TO WHITE AND BROWN TREESHELTERS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409d-1409
Author(s):  
David T. Montague ◽  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
Larry Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Norway Maple

We investigated microclimate, gas exchange, and growth of field-grown Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) trees in brown, white, or no treeshelters. Microclimate, tree growth, and gas exchange measurements were taken summer and winter. Treeshelter microclimate was greenhouse-like compared to ambient conditions, as short-wave radiation (S↓) was lower, and midday air temperature and relative humidity were higher. In both species, this resulted in less trunk growth and greater specific leaf area, which are growth responses characteristic of shade acclimation. Treeshelter microclimate did, however, substantially increase shoot elongation and stomatal conductance, but did not increase photosynthesis when compared to trees grown without shelters. White shelters allowed 25% more penetration of S↓ than brown shelters, but tree growth and climatic variables did not differ with treeshelter color. Stomatal conductance, however, was higher for trees in white shelters. Treeshelters also appeared to have a negative effect on plant hardiness. New shoot growth in shelters was more winter-damaged, particularly in maple, than nonsheltered trees. This may be related to winter bark (Tb) and air temperature (Ta). Winter midday Tb on trees grown in shelters was up to 15C higher than Tb on trees outside shelters, while midday Ta inside treeshelters was up to 20C higher than Ta outside treeshelters.

scholarly journals Establishment in Treeshelters II: Effect of Shelter Color on Gas Exchange and Hardiness

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
David T. Montague ◽  
Larry A. Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Leaf Area Growth ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Tree Leaf

We investigated the microclimate, gas exchange, and growth of field-grown Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) trees nonsheltered, and in brown and white shelters. Shelter microclimate—air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and radiation—and tree leaf area, growth in diameter, stomatal conductance (gs), and photosynthesis were measured during the first growing season after bare-root transplanting. Bark temperatures in midwinter were also measured. Treeshelter microclimate was greenhouse-like compared to ambient conditions, as shortwave radiation was lower, and midday Ta and relative humidity were higher. Although trees in shelters had greater shoot elongation and higher gs than trees grown without shelters, photosynthesis was not different. White shelters allowed 25% more shortwave radiation penetration and increased Ta by 2 to 4 °C and VPD by 0.5-1 kPa over brown shelters. However, tree growth and gas exchange generally were not affected by shelter color. Winter injury was increased for trees in shelters and varied with species and shelter color. Both species exhibited shoot dieback in shelters the spring following a winter where bark temperatures varied 40 to 50 °C diurnally. More new growth died on maple, particularly in white shelters where several trees were killed. These data suggest that supraoptimal summer and winter temperatures may reduce vigor and interfere with cold tolerance of some species grown in shelters.

scholarly journals Root-zone Stress Effects on Water Relations and Growth of Silver, Red, and Freeman Maples

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 576a-576
Author(s):  
James A. Zwack ◽  
Anthony S. Aiello ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Freeman maples (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) are suspected to be more resistant to environmental stress than red maples (A. rubrum L.) because the lineage of Freeman maple includes silver maple (A. saccharinum L.). Little is known, however, about stress resistance of silver maple, and few data from direct comparisons of red and Freeman maples are available. Our objectives were to determine effects of root-zone heat on silver maples from northern and southern provenances, and to compare red and Freeman maple cultivars for resistance to rootzone heat stress and drought. There were no provenance-by-temperature interactions when silver maples from 33.3°N (Mississippi) and 44.4°N (Minnesota) latitude were grown with root zones at 29 and 35°C. Plants from 44.4°N latitude had 36% higher fresh mass, 43% more leaf surface area, and 35% and 59% higher, respectively, root and shoot dry masses than plants from 33.3°N latitude. Midday xylem water potential was 68% more negative for plants at 35°C than for plants at 29°C, and transpiration rate was 129% less for plants with root zones at 35°C than for those with root zones at 29°C. During preliminary work with Autumn Flame and Franksred red maple and Indian Summer and Jeffersred Freeman maples, rooted cuttings were grown in 25 and 37°C root zones under both drought and nondrought conditions. Reductions in growth at 37°C were similar for all cultivars. Results of this work could influence development, marketing, and use of Freeman maples.

scholarly journals Development and characterization of species-diagnostic ISSR and SCAR DNA markers for differentiating red maple (Acer rubrum) and silver maple (A. saccharinum)

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Boyd ◽  
Mary Anne Panoyan ◽  
Paul Michael ◽  
Kabwe K. Nkongolo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Issr Primers

Red maple (Acer rubrum) and silver maple (A. saccharinum) are sister species that readily hybridize in nature. No genetic or barcoding markers have been tested in these species. The main objective of the present study is to develop and characterize molecular markers for distinguishing A. rubrum and A. saccharinum and to validate the hybridity of A. freemanii derived from their crossings using the ISSR marker system. Thirteen A. rubrum and seven A. saccharinum populations were used. Four ISSR primers including ISSR 5, ISSR 8, ISSR 10, and ISSR UBC 825 were selected to amplify genomic DNA from the two species and their hybrids. Each primer generated at least one species-diagnostic ISSR marker for a total of six. Analysis of A. freemanii collected from North Dakota (USA) confirmed that the genotypes screened were true hybrids between A. rubrum and A. saccharinum. These markers were cloned and sequenced. Successful sequences were converted to SCAR markers using specifically designed primers. Overall, the developed diagnostic and specific ISSR and SCAR markers are useful in the certification of these two maple species and their hybrids. They can be used in tracking the introgression of A. rubrum and A. saccharinum DNA in other hybrid trees or populations.

Green Ash, Red Maple, Black Gum (review)

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
Kristen Foshay
Keyword(s):  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple

A RED MAPLE, SILVER MAPLE HYBRID

1941 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER M. FREEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Red Maple ◽  
Silver Maple

How Planting Method, Weed Abatement, and Herbivory Affect Afforestation Success

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard W. Sweeney ◽  
Stephen J. Czapka ◽  
L. Carol A. Petrow
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Seedling Survivorship ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Method Of Planting ◽  
Planting Method

Abstract The success of upland and riparian afforestation depends on landowners making informed decisions about key factors such as the quality of seedlings (species, size, and root stock), planting technique, site preparation, weed and herbivore control, and planting pattern for the plantation. We show here that the short-term (1 year) and longer-term (3 year) effects on seedling survivorship and growth due to planting technique (dibble-bar versus auger) did not differ significantly for the five test species (red maple [Acer rubrum L.], eastern redbud [Cercis canadensis L.], green ash [Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh], sweetbay magnolia [Magnolia virginiana L.], and sweet gum [Liquidambar styraciflua L.]). Weed treatment (tree mats, initial herbiciding, and annual herbiciding) also failed to significantly increase seedling survivorship or growth, a result hypothesized to be caused by high moisture and nutrient content of soils on the site. In contrast, tree shelters significantly increased seedling survivorship and growth after 1 and 3 years. For some species, 3-year survivorship was up to fivefold higher with shelters. Long-term weed control increased survivorship of sheltered seedlings but decreased survivorship for those without shelters because of increased exposure to deer. For this site, successful afforestation depends more on protecting seedlings from herbivory with tree shelters than on either the method of planting or the method of controlling weeds.

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