Extended Survey of Indoor and Outdoor Terrestrial Gamma Radiation in Greek Urban Areas by In situ Gamma Spectrometry with Portable Ge Detector

2001 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Clouvas ◽  
S. Xanthos ◽  
M. Antonopoulos-Domis
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ge Detector ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In situ gamma spectrometry using portable HPGe detector. Radiological characterization and environmental surveillance around an operating nuclear power plant. Possibilities and limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Angel Corbacho ◽  
A Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Ge Detector ◽  
Radiological Characterization

Abstract In situ technique for measuring radionuclides in the soil using a portable Ge detector is a highly versatile tool for both the radiological characterization and for the monitoring of operating nuclear power plants. The main disadvantage of this technique is related to the lack of knowledge of the geometry of the source whose activity concentration is to be determined. However, its greatest advantage is the high spatial representability of the samples and the lower time and resource consumption than gamma spectrometry lab measurements. In this study, the possibilities and limits offered by in situ gamma spectrometry with a high resolution gamma portable detector in two common uses are shown: First, the radiological background characterization and its relationship with the geology of an area of 2700 km2 are assessed; Secondly, its potential for monitoring man-made activity concentration in soils located around an operating nuclear power plant in Spain for surveillance purposes is evaluated. Finally, high accuracy radiation maps have been prepared from the measurements carried out. These radiation maps are essential tools to know the radioactive background of an area, especially useful to assess artificial radioactive deposits produced after a nuclear accident or incident.

scholarly journals Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Assessment of Gamma Radiation Hazards Related to Geologic Materials: Comparison of Results by Field Gamma Spectrometry and Laboratory Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miguel Couto ◽  
Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Geologic Materials ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

Geologic materials are a potential source of external gamma radiation in buildings due to the presence of radioisotopes (40K and isotopes from U and Th decay families). The contents of these radioisotopes can be evaluated by laboratory analyses that require the extraction of samples, with associated financial and time constraints, and it is also difficult to perform on materials already applied in existing structures. In this work, portable gamma spectrometry results are compared with laboratory analyses in terms of radioisotopes estimations, and the activity concentration index is calculated from them (which assess the conjoint contribution of the different radioisotopes to the external gamma radiation). The studied objects are rocks and their “in situ” weathering products. The results obtained indicate that despite several problems posed by field measurements with portable gamma spectrometry, namely, in terms of the geometric characteristics of the objects measured, this technique has the potential to identify materials with different hazard levels related to external gamma radiation.

scholarly journals A Study of UVER in Santiago, Chile Based on Long-Term In Situ Measurements (Five Years) and Empirical Modelling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Lisdelys González-Rodríguez ◽  
Amauri Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Lien Rodríguez-López ◽  
Jorge Rosas ◽  
David Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
The People

Ultraviolet radiation is a highly energetic component of the solar spectrum that needs to be monitored because is harmful to life on Earth, especially in areas where the ozone layer has been depleted, like Chile. This work is the first to address the long-term (five-year) behaviour of ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER) in Santiago, Chile (33.5° S, 70.7° W, 500 m) using in situ measurements and empirical modelling. Observations indicate that to alert the people on the risks of UVER overexposure, it is necessary to use, in addition to the currently available UV index (UVI), three more erythema indices: standard erythemal doses (SEDs), minimum erythemal doses (MEDs), and sun exposure time (tery). The combination of UVI, SEDs, MEDs, and tery shows that in Santiago, individuals with skin types III and IV are exposed to harmfully high UVER doses for 46% of the time that UVI indicates is safe. Empirical models predicted hourly and daily values UVER in Santiago with great accuracy and can be applied to other Chilean urban areas with similar climate. This research inspires future advances in reconstructing large datasets to analyse the UVER in Central Chile, its trends, and its changes.

scholarly journals Guidance for in situ gamma spectrometry intercomparison based on the information obtained through five intercomparisons during the Fukushima mapping project

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 105938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Mikami ◽  
Daisuke Ishikawa ◽  
Hideo Matsuda ◽  
Yoshifumi Hoshide ◽  
Naotoshi Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry

Toward CO2 and CH4 measurements by ground-based observations of surface-scattered sunlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Hemmer ◽  
Christin Proß ◽  
Stanley P. Sander ◽  
Thomas J. Pongetti ◽  
Zhao-Cheng Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Los Angeles Basin ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Extended Sources

<div> <div>Precise knowledge of sources and sinks in the carbon cycle is desired to understand its sensitivity to climate change and to account and verify man-made emissions. In this context, extended sources like urban areas play an important role. While in-situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) are highly accurate but localized, satellites measure column-integrated concentrations over an extended footprint. The CLARS-FTS [1, 2] stationed at the Mt. Wilson observatory looking downward into the Los Angeles basin has pioneered an innovative measurement technique that fills the sensitivity gap between in-situ and satellite measurements. The technique enables mapping the urban greenhouse gas concentration fields by collecting spectra of ground scattered sunlight and scanning through the region.</div> <div> </div> <div>Here, we report on progress developing a portable setup for a CLARS-FTS-like measurement geometry. The instrument is based on the EM27/SUN FTS with a modified pointing technique and a more sensitive detector. The retrieval algorithm is based on the RemoTeC software, previously employed for solar backscatter satellite measurements. We discuss first steps in terms of instrument performance and retrieval exercises. For the latter, we have carried out simulations on how the neglect of scattering by the retrieval affects the retrieved boundary layer concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> for an ensemble of hypothetical scenes with variable complexity in aeorsol loadings and viewing geometry. We also report on a test to apply RemoTeC to a small set of CLARS-FTS spectra collected throughout the Los Angeles basin.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>References</em></div> <div>[1] Fu, D. et al., 2014: Near-infrared remote sensing of Los Angeles trace gas distributions from a mountaintop site, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 713–729, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-713-2014</div> [2] Wong, K. W. et al., 2015: Mapping CH4 : CO2 ratios in Los Angeles with CLARS-FTS from Mount Wilson, California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 241–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-241-2015</div>

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