scholarly journals Effects of Squat Lift Training and Free Weight Muscle Training on Maximum Lifting Load and Isokinetic Peak Torque of Young Adults Without Impairments

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon SM Yeung ◽  
Gabriel YF Ng
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Elbow Flexors ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Musculoskeletal Impairments ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Abstract Background and Purpose. Manual lifting is a frequent cause of back injury, and there is no evidence as to which training mode can provide the best training effect for lifting performance and muscle force. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a squat lift training and a free weight muscle training program on the maximum lifting load and isokinetic peak torque in subjects without known neuro-muscular or musculoskeletal impairments. Subjects. Thirty-six adults (20 male, 16 female) without known neuromuscular or musculoskeletal impairments participated. The subjects' mean age was 21.25 years (SD=1.16, range=20–24). Methods. Subjects were divided into 3 groups. Subjects in group 1 (n=12) performed squat lift training. Subjects in group 2 (n=12) participated in free weight resistance training of their shoulder abductors, elbow flexors, knee extensors and trunk extensors. Subjects in group 3 (n=12) served as controls. The maximum lifting load and isokinetic peak torques of the trunk extensors, knee extensors, elbow flexors, and shoulder abductors of each subject were measured before and after the study. Training was conducted on alternate days for 4 weeks, with an initial load of 80% of each subject's maximum capacity and with the load increased by 5% weekly. Results. All groups were comparable for all measured variables before the study. After 4 weeks, subjects in groups 1 and 2 demonstrated more improvement in maximum lifting load and isokinetic peak torque of the back extensors compared with the subjects in group 3, but the 2 training groups were not different. Conclusion and Discussion. The findings demonstrate that both squat lift and free weight resistance training are equally effective in improving the lifting load and isokinetic back extension performance of individuals without impairments.

The Covariate Influence of Muscle Mass on Isokinetic Peak Torque in High School Wrestlers

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Housh ◽  
Jeffrey R. Stout ◽  
Dona J. Housh ◽  
Glen O. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Versus Peak ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the covariate influence of estimated muscle mass on age-related increases in isokinetic peak torque for flexion and extension of the forearm and leg in high school wrestlers. One hundred thirteen high school wrestlers volunteered to be measured for strength at 30, 180, and 300°·s−1. Underwater weighing was performed to determine body composition characteristics, and the anthropometric equation of Martin et al. (10) was used to estimate total skeletal muscle mass (MM). There were significant (p < .05) relationships (r = .19 to .37) for age versus peak torque covaried independently for fat-free weight (FFW) and MM for forearm flexion at 30, 180, and 300°·s−1; forearm extension at 180 and 300°·s−1; and leg extension at 30, 180 and 300°·s−1. The results of this study indicated that there was no increase across age in MM per unit of FFW, and the age-related increases in peak torque in high school wrestlers could not be fully accounted for by changes in MM.

Age, fat-free weight, and isokinetic peak torque in high school female gymnasts

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
TERRY J. HOUSH ◽  
GLEN O. JOHNSON ◽  
DONA J. HOUSH ◽  
JOSEPH P. WEIR ◽  
LOREE L. WEIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Acute Effects of Parallel Back Squat Performed in Different Set Configurations on Neuromuscular Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
Manoel da Cunha Costa ◽  
Fabiano de Souza Fonseca ◽  
Dalton de Lima-Júnior ◽  
Bruna Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Baseline Values

AbstractWe compared the acute effects of parallel back squat performed from different resistance training configurations on neuromuscular performance. Twenty-eight young adults underwent 4 experimental conditions: inter-repetition rest, traditional, traditional to failure, and rest-pause in the parallel back squat in a randomized, counterbalanced, and cross-over design. The neuromuscular performance was assessed through peak torque of knee extensors and flexors at two angular velocities (90 and 120 º/s) in three moments (before, post, and post-30 min). The peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors at 90 and 120 º/s decreased immediately after training for traditional, traditional to failure, and rest-pause (–8.1% to –17.7%, P<0.001). A greater reduction in the extensor peak torque was found at 120 º/s (P<0.05) in the rest-pause (–17.7%) when compared to traditional (–10.8%). The peak torque returned to baseline values only at post-30 min for the traditional configuration for the knee flexion action at 120 º/s. The peak torque remained similar for the muscular actions and angular velocities for the inter-repetition rest (P>0.05). Our results suggest the inter-repetition rest configuration seems to be a more appropriate strategy for maintaining the lower limb neuromuscular performance after a resistance training session.

A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN PLASMA MYOSTATIN AND PEAK TORQUE STRENGTH GAINS OF BILATERAL KNEE EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS AFTER RESISTANCE TRAINING IN HEALTHY ASIAN INDIANS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspal S. Sandhu ◽  
Shiva Shankar Trivedi ◽  
Shweta Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Bilateral Knee

Objective: To accurately quantify percentage changes in strength gains and correlate it with percentage changes in plasma myostatin levels. Study design: Same Subject Experimental Study. Setup: Faculty of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. Method of study: We used a longitudinal experimental design in which our subjects were assessed before and after the resistance training programs designed to induce muscle hypertrophy. A total of 18 subjects were selected, including both males (N = 15) and females (N = 3), to begin the study. Subjects were given circuit resistance training program for a period of six weeks. Subject's maximal isometric voluntary contraction for both the limbs knee extensors and flexors were measured using HUR 5340 Leg Extension/curl computer controlled machine prior to the training and after the training. The plasma myostatin levels were determined by ELISA analysis. Results: We have found a strong negative correlation of -0.73 (p < 0.01) and -0.75 (p < 0.05) between percentage change in plasma myostatin and percentage peak torque gains in bilateral knee extensors and flexors, respectively. Conclusion: Myostatin is negatively correlated to the strength gains in the bilateral knee extensors and flexors with resistance training.

scholarly journals The Impact of Body Resistance Training Exercise on Biomedical Profile at High Altitude: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gaffar Sarwar Zaman ◽  
Mohammed Abohashrh ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Ayed A. Dera ◽  
Mastour S. Alshahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Exercise ◽  
Resistance Training Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. Obesity causes different diseases, eventually. In our study, the results of resistance exercises were examined on selected biochemical markers in Abha City, Saudi Arabia, which is at the height of 2,270 meters above sea level. Methods. A randomized controlled research was conducted with 60 participants equally divided into three groups, 20 subjects in each group: group 1 was composed of obese people who received resistance training exercise, group 2 was composed of the obese control group who did not receive resistance training exercise, and group 3 was composed of normal individuals who received resistance exercise training. The resistance exercises were done in the 6th and 12th weeks. Biochemical blood tests were done. Results. Comparing to the control group, glucose decreased very little with insulin also showing little difference. It has been seen that TC, TG, and LDL reduced to a reasonable extent after resistance exercise, while HDL was increased ( p ≤ 0.01 ). Plasma urea and creatinine showed no differences. Interleukin-6 and leptin decreased significantly ( p ≤ 0.01 ), while there was a significant elevation in adiponectin and testosterone ( p ≤ 0.01 ) once comparing group 1 with group 2 and group 3. Conclusion. We have seen that resistance exercise helps in reducing lipid profile which will result in a decrease of the cardiac and related risk factors when conducted in obese patients in high-altitude regions. Also, alterations of the levels of interleukin-6, leptin, adiponectin, and testosterone showed that resistance exercise is of benefit and favourable in obese persons in high-altitude regions, which can also pave the way for added development of drugs related to the above parameters.

scholarly journals Correlation between bone mineral density, isokinetic peak torque and postural balance in postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laís Campos de Oliveira ◽  
Raphael Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Fabiano Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
Jorge Furtado de Campos Júnior ◽  
Géssika Castilho dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Background: Postmenopausal women typically present loss of bone mineral density (BMD), muscular strength, and postural balance. However, there is no consensus in the literature on the correlation between these variables. Objectives: Our objective was to verify the correlation between BMD, isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors, and static postural balance in postmenopausal women. Methods: Fifty-one postmenopausal women underwent BMD evaluation through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for four bone regions (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and trochanter). Muscular strength of knee extensors and flexors was evaluated in an isokinetic dynamometer at 60 and 180 degrees per second in the dominant lower limb. Static postural balance was evaluated on a force platform during five different tasks (bipodal eyes open, bipodal eyes closed, semi-tandem eyes open, semi-tandem eyes closed, and unipodal). Statistical analysis involved Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho). Results: There was no significant correlation between BMD and isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors. Approximately half (27 of 60) of the postural balance variables presented significant inverse correlations (p < 0.05) with BMD and of these, the majority (22 of 27) presented moderate correlation (rho between -0.49 and -0.30). Most correlations were for bipodal support tasks with eyes open and eyes closed. Conclusion: Greater postural oscillation in different balance tasks was correlated with lower BMD in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it is suggested that intervention protocols for women with impaired BMD, especially osteoporotic, consider balance training as part of rehabilitation.

Age, fat-free weight, and isokinetic peak torque in high school female gymnasts

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRY J. HOUSH ◽  
GLEN O. JOHNSON ◽  
DONA J. HOUSH ◽  
JOSEPH P. WEIR ◽  
LOREE L. WEIR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Effects of isokinetic eccentric versus traditional lower body resistance training on muscle function: examining a multiple-joint short-term training model

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Gordon ◽  
Brennan J. Thompson ◽  
Joshua S. Crane ◽  
Eadric Bressel ◽  
Dale R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Eccentric Training ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Leg Press

Early adaptations in eccentric training show several advantages over those in concentric training. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of 4 weeks of multiple-joint eccentric versus traditional leg press (TLP) training on muscle strength, rate of torque development (RTD), and jump and sprint performance adaptations. Twenty-six resistance-trained adults performed either an eccentric or a TLP resistance-training program twice per week for 4 weeks. Single-joint isometric maximal and rapid strength (peak torque and RTD, respectively) and isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors, multiple-joint eccentric strength, leg press strength (1-repetition maximum), 40-m sprint, and vertical and long jump were measured before, at the midpoint, and after a 4-week training period. Four weeks of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training elicited greater test-specific strength gains (effect size (ES) = 1.06) compared with TLP training (ES = 0.11). The eccentric group also yielded moderate improvements in the middle-late phase RTD (RTD100–200; ES = 0.51 and 0.54 for the knee flexors and extensors, respectively), whereas the TLP group showed small-moderate improvements (ES = 0.37). The majority of the single-joint strength variables showed negligible improvements. Performance tests showed no (broad jump) to small (vertical jump; sprint for the leg press) improvements. Multiple-joint eccentric training induced significant improvements in lower body strength in a short amount of time in a recreationally trained population. These accelerated adaptations along with the lower energy requirements of eccentric exercise, may be useful for clinicians or practitioners when prescribing training programs for those who are injured, sedentary, or elderly as a means to elicit time- and metabolically efficient muscle function improvements.

scholarly journals The Effects of 24 weeks of Resistance Training with Simultaneous Elastic and Free Weight Loading on Muscular Performance of Novice Lifters

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Shoepe ◽  
David Ramirez ◽  
Robert Rovetti ◽  
David Kohler ◽  
Hawley Almstedt
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Muscular Performance ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Weight Groups

The Effects of 24 weeks of Resistance Training with Simultaneous Elastic and Free Weight Loading on Muscular Performance of Novice LiftersThe purpose of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of variable resistance as provided through elastic plus free weight techniques in college aged males and females. Twenty novice lifters were randomly assigned to a traditional free weight only (6 males and 5 females) or elastic band plus free weight group (5 males and 5 females) and 9 more normally active controls (5 males and 4 females), were recruited to maintain normal activity for the duration of the study. No differences existed between control, free weight and elastic band at baseline for age, body height, body mass, body mass index, and body fat percentage. One-repetition maximums were performed for squat and bench press while both strength and power were assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. Elastic groups and free-weight groups completed 24 weeks of whole body, periodized, high intensity resistance (65-95% of one-repetition maximum) training three times/week. Training programs were identical except that the elastic group trained the barbell squat, bench press and stiff-legged deadlift with 20-35% of their total prescribed training loads coming from band resistance (assessed at the top of the range of motion) with the remainder from free weight resistance. A mixed-model analysis revealed that peak torque, average power and one-repetition maximums for squat were significantly greater after training for the elastic group compared to the control (p<0.05). In addition, the free weight group also showed significantly greater improvements over the control in peak torque and one-repetition maximums for squat and bench press. No significant differences were observed between the elastic band and free weight groups. Combined variable elastic band plus free weight exercises are effective at increasing strength and power similar to free-weights alone in novice college aged males and females. However, due to complexity in set-up and load assignment elastic adoption by novice lifters in an unsupervised situation is not advised.

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