Flexed Posture in Parkinson Disease: Associations With Nonmotor Impairments and Activity Limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-903
Author(s):  
Aimi L Forsyth ◽  
Riddhi Y Joshi ◽  
Colleen G Canning ◽  
Natalie E Allen ◽  
Serene S Paul
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractBackgroundPeople with Parkinson disease (PD) are twice as likely to develop flexed truncal posture as the general older population. Little is known about the mechanisms responsible beyond associations with age, axial motor impairments, and disease severity.ObjectiveThe objective was to explore: (1) the associations of the nonmotor impairments of PD with flexed posture, and (2) the relationships of flexed posture with activity limitations.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsSeventy people with PD participated. Posture was measured in standing as the distance between the seventh cervical vertebra and a wall. Nonmotor impairments (cognition, depression, pain, fatigue, and proprioception) and activity performance (upper limb activity, bed transfers, respiratory function, and speech volume) were variously assessed using objective measures and self-report questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to ascertain relationships between nonmotor impairments and truncal posture, and between truncal posture and activities.ResultsGreater disease severity, greater axial impairment, poorer spinal proprioception, greater postural fatigue, and male sex were significantly associated with flexed truncal posture. The multivariate model containing these factors in addition to age explained 30% of the variability in flexed truncal posture, with male sex and axial motor impairment continuing to make independent contributions. A significant association was found between greater flexed truncal posture and poorer upper limb activity performance and respiratory function.LimitationsA limitation to this study was that participants had mild-to-moderate disease severity.ConclusionsSpinal proprioception and postural fatigue were the only nonmotor impairments to make significant contributions to flexed posture. Given the negative influence of flexed posture on upper limb activity and respiratory function, interventions targeting spinal proprioception and postural awareness should be considered for people with PD who might develop flexed posture.

scholarly journals Cervical rib - a clinical case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
V Lokanayaki
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Imaging Procedures ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Cervical Rib ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra

AbstractThe cervical rib is surgically important than being just anatomical curiosity alone. The distal parts of costal processes in seventh cervical vertebra occasionally develop as cervical rib. A 32 years old female patient who attended the vascular surgical department presented with features of cervical rib on the left side. Imaging procedures confirmed bilateral cervical rib for which the patient underwent surgery. The cervical rib can cause thoracic outlet syndrome with features of acute arterial occlusion in upper limb. This case is reported to stress the important complications due to the cervical rib.

scholarly journals Functional cervicothoracic boundary modified by anatomical shifts in the neck of giraffes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megu Gunji ◽  
Hideki Endo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neck Movement ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Longus Colli

Here we examined the kinematic function of the morpho- logically unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. The first thoracic vertebra of the giraffe displayed similar shape to the seventh cervical vertebra in general ruminants. The flexion experiment using giraffe carcasses demonstrated that the first thoracic vertebra exhibited a higher dorsoventral mobility than other thoracic vertebrae. Despite the presence of costovertebral joints, restriction in the intervertebral movement imposed by ribs is minimized around the first thoracic vertebra by subtle changes of the articular system between the vertebra and ribs. The attachment area of musculus longus colli , mainly responsible for ventral flexion of the neck, is partly shifted posteriorly in the giraffe so that the force generated by muscles is exerted on the cervical vertebrae and on the first thoracic vertebra. These anatomical modifications allow the first thoracic vertebra to adopt the kinematic function of a cervical vertebra in giraffes. The novel movable articulation in the thorax functions as a fulcrum of neck movement and results in a large displacement of reachable space in the cranial end of the neck. The unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes provides higher flexibility to the neck and may provide advantages for high browsing and/or male competition behaviours specific to giraffes.

Effect of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Upper Limb Dexterity in Patients with Parkinson Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. e206-e217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Nozaki ◽  
Tetsuya Asakawa ◽  
Kenji Sugiyama ◽  
Yuki Koda ◽  
Ayumi Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain

scholarly journals Osseous hemangioma of the seventh cervical vertebra with osteoid formation mimicking metastasis: a case report

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lakemeier ◽  
Christina Carolin Westhoff ◽  
Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann ◽  
Markus Dietmar Schofer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Osteoid Formation

scholarly journals Serum caffeine and metabolites are reliable biomarkers of early Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. e404-e411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Fujimaki ◽  
Shinji Saiki ◽  
Yuanzhe Li ◽  
Naoko Kaga ◽  
Hikari Taka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Motor Complications ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

ObjectiveTo investigate the kinetics and metabolism of caffeine in serum from patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and controls using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.MethodsLevels of caffeine and its 11 metabolites in serum from 108 patients with PD and 31 age-matched healthy controls were examined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mutations in caffeine-associated genes were screened by direct sequencing.ResultsSerum levels of caffeine and 9 of its downstream metabolites were significantly decreased even in patients with early PD, unrelated to total caffeine intake or disease severity. No significant genetic variations in CYP1A2 or CYP2E1, encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes primarily involved in metabolizing caffeine in humans, were detected compared with controls. Likewise, caffeine concentrations in patients with PD with motor complications were significantly decreased compared with those without motor complications. No associations between disease severity and single nucleotide variants of the ADORA2A gene encoding adenosine 2A receptor were detected, implying a dissociation of receptor sensitivity changes and phenotype. The profile of serum caffeine and metabolite levels was identified as a potential diagnostic biomarker by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ConclusionAbsolute lower levels of caffeine and caffeine metabolite profiles are promising diagnostic biomarkers for early PD. This is consistent with the neuroprotective effect of caffeine previously revealed by epidemiologic and experimental studies.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that decreased serum levels of caffeine and its metabolites identify patients with PD.

scholarly journals Effects of Gait Strategy and Speed on Regularity of Locomotion Assessed in Healthy Subjects Using a Multi-Sensor Method

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rabuffetti ◽  
Giovanni Scalera ◽  
Maurizio Ferrarin
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Acceleration Vector ◽  
Body Location

The regularity of pseudo-periodic human movements, including locomotion, can be assessed by autocorrelation analysis of measurements using inertial sensors. Though sensors are generally placed on the trunk or pelvis, movement regularity can be assessed at any body location. Pathological factors are expected to reduce regularity either globally or on specific anatomical subparts. However, other non-pathological factors, including gait strategy (walking and running) and speed, modulate locomotion regularity, thus potentially confounding the identification of the pathological factor. The present study’s objectives were (1) to define a multi-sensor method based on the autocorrelation analysis of the acceleration module (norm of the acceleration vector) to quantify regularity; (2) to conduct an experimental study on healthy adult subjects to quantify the effect on movement regularity of gait strategy (walking and running at the same velocity), gait speed (four speeds, lower three for walking, upper two for running), and sensor location (on four different body parts). Twenty-five healthy adults participated and four triaxial accelerometers were located on the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), pelvis, wrist, and ankle. The results showed that increasing velocity was associated with increasing regularity only for walking, while no difference in regularity was observed between walking and running. Regularity was generally highest at C7 and ankle, and lowest at the wrist. These data confirm and complement previous literature on regularity assessed on the trunk, and will support future analyses on individuals or groups with specific pathologies affecting locomotor functions.

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