Trade and the Topography of the Spatial Economy
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Abstract We develop a general equilibrium framework to determine the spatial distribution of economic activity on any surface with (nearly) any geography. Combining the gravity structure of trade with labor mobility, we provide conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of a spatial economic equilibrium and derive a simple set of equations that govern the relationship between economic activity and the geography of the surface. We then use the framework to estimate the topography of trade costs, productivities and amenities in the United States. We find that geographic location accounts for at least twenty percent of the spatial variation in U.S. income. Finally, we calculate that the construction of the interstate highway system increased welfare by 1.1 to 1.4 percent, which is substantially larger than its cost.

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The evolving Interstate Highway System and the changing geography of the United States

Journal of Transport Geography ◽

10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.07.012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 70-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Joe Weber

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Interstate Highway ◽

Interstate Highway System ◽

Highway System

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(re)Weave: Adapting Urban Obsolescence in Syracuse

Cross Americas: Probing Disglobal Networks- Papers ◽

10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.55 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Gregory Marinic ◽

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Zeke Leonard ◽

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Social Economic ◽

The United States ◽

Urban Life ◽

World War ◽

Marked Contrast ◽

Industrial City ◽

Interstate Highway System ◽

Urban Decay ◽

Highway System

It has been over fifty years since the beginning of the decline of the American industrial city. After World War II, urban life in the United States began to fracture along social, economic, and demographic lines. The rise of the interstate highway system facilitated the simultaneous collapse of downtown retail districts; advancing urban decay stood in marked contrast to a thriving, homogeneous, trans-continental suburban culture. Today, widespread obsolescence has catalyzed and accelerated to embody the future of shrinking cities in the RustBelt.

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Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Race on Sepsis Epidemiology and Outcomes

The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1093/jalm/jfaa151 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emi Minejima ◽

Annie Wong-Beringer

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Low Income ◽

Formal Education ◽

Geographic Location ◽

The United States ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Low Ses ◽

The Relationship ◽

Poor Health Literacy ◽

Hispanic White

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex variable that is derived primarily from an individual’s education, income, and occupation and has been found to be inversely related to outcomes of health conditions. Sepsis is the sixth most common admitting diagnosis and one of the most costly conditions for in-hospital spending in the United States. The objective of this review is to report on the relationship between SES and sepsis incidence and associated outcomes. Content Sepsis epidemiology varies when explored by race, education, geographic location, income, and insurance status. Sepsis incidence was significantly increased in individuals of Black race compared with non-Hispanic white race; in persons who have less formal education, who lack insurance, and who have low income; and in certain US regions. People with low SES are likely to have onset of sepsis significantly earlier in life and to have poorly controlled comorbidities compared with those with higher SES. Sepsis mortality and hospital readmission is increased in individuals who lack insurance, who reside in low-income or medically underserved areas, who live far from healthcare, and who lack higher level education; however, a person’s race was not consistently found to increase mortality. Summary Interventions to minimize healthcare disparity for individuals with low SES should target sepsis prevention with increasing measures for preventive care for chronic conditions. Significant barriers described for access to care by people with low SES include cost, transportation, poor health literacy, and lack of a social network. Future studies should include polysocial risk scores that are consistently defined to allow for meaningful comparison across studies.

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