EVALUATION OF INDOOR/OUTDOOR GAMMA EXPOSURE RATES AND EXCESS LIFE TIME CANCER RISK IN DIFFERENT CITIES OF PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Jahan Zeb ◽  
Mohammad Wasim ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Talat Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Detailed Measurement ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract This study presents a detailed measurement of indoor and outdoor terrestrial gamma radiation levels in different cities of Pakistan. The measurements covered dwellings in 27 cities, covering all provinces and region of Azad Kashmir. Most of the houses were of attached type, made of brick walls and concrete roofs. The measurements were made by a handheld radiation survey meter containing Geiger–Muller tube. The average absorbed dose rate in air was 100 ± 32 nGy h−1 for indoor and 74 ± 30 nGy h−1 for outdoor. The population-weighted mean terrestrial dose rates were 90 nGy h−1 for indoor and 78 nGyh−1 for outdoor. The ratio of indoor to outdoor absorbed dose rate was 1.5 as compared to 1.3 for the world average. The estimated average annual effective dose rate was 0.58 ± 0.18 mSv a−1 and the mean excess life time cancer risk was 2.0 × 10−3.

IMPACT ON ABSORBED DOSE RATE IN AIR IN KANTO REGION BY FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 500-503
Author(s):  
K Inoue ◽  
M Arai ◽  
H Tsuruoka ◽  
K Saito ◽  
M Fujisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Artificial Radionuclides ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rates ◽  
Kanto Region

Abstract Absorbed dose rates in air were measured for the whole area of the Kanto region in 2015, 2016 and 2017 (n = 31 147). The mean absorbed dose rates in air for each prefecture measured by car-borne surveys were from 44 to 67 nGy h−1 (13–289 nGy h−1). The absorbed dose rate in air from artificial radionuclides (134Cs + 137Cs) measured by fixed-point observation (n = 507) was from 1 to 14 nGy h−1 (0–105 nGy h−1), and meaning that the contribution ratios of 134Cs and 137Cs were 3–22%. The deposited location of artificial radionuclides was less than 1000 m from ground level and depended on the topography, wind direction and precipitation field.

scholarly journals High Terrestrial Radiation Level in an Active Tin-Mine at Jos South, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Atipo ◽  
O. Olarinoye ◽  
B. Awojoyogbe ◽  
M. Kolo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Background Gamma Radiation ◽  
The Mean

Mineral mining and milling can be a source of national economic and technological development. However, mining of minerals has been confirmed to disturb the natural distribution of radioisotopes in the soil, air and water bodies in the biota. In an attempt to evaluate the radiological burden resulting from tin mining activities at Rayfield-Du area of Jos, the background gamma-radiation level in the mine was measured via a well calibratedhand-held dosimeter placed at 1 m above ground level. The mean absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate and excess lifetime cancer risk for the mine was 0.83 μSvh-1; 1.44 mSv-1 and 0.005 respectively. Generally, dose rates were higher in the mine pits and processing areas as compared to administrative areas of the mine. The mean measured dose rate and calculated dose parameters for the mine were all high when compared to the regulatory limit for public exposure. The potential of developing radiation-induced health defects as a result of high radiation absorbed dose rate by the miners and dwellers around the mine is highly probable.  Keywords: Gamma-radiation; mine; absorbed dose rate; radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Influences of Absorbed Dose Rate on the Mechanical Properties and Fiber–Matrix Interaction of High-Density Polyethylene-Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Irradiated by Electron-Beam

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Se Kye Park ◽  
Dong Yun Choi ◽  
Duyoung Choi ◽  
Dong Yun Lee ◽  
Seung Hwa Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
High Density ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rates

In this study, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) was irradiated by an electron-beam. To assess the absorbed dose rate influence on its mechanical properties, the beam energy and absorbed dose were fixed, while the absorbed dose rates were varied. The tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (YM) were evaluated. The irradiated CFRTP TS increased at absorbed dose rates of up to 6.8 kGy/s and decreased at higher rates. YM showed no meaningful differences. For CFRTPs constituents, the carbon fiber (CF) TS gradually increased, while the HDPE TS decreased slightly as the absorbed dose rates increased. The OH intermolecular bond was strongly developed in irradiated CFRTP at low absorbed dose rates and gradually declined when increasing those rates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the oxygen content of irradiated CFRTPs decreased with increasing absorbed dose rate due to the shorter irradiation time at higher dose rates. In conclusion, from the TS viewpoint, opposite effects occurred when increasing the absorbed dose rate: a favorable increase in CF TS and adverse decline of attractive hydrogen bonding interactions between HDPE and CF for CFRTPs TS. Therefore, the irradiated CFRTP TS was maximized at an optimum absorbed dose rate of 6.8 kGy/s.

scholarly journals Activity of natural radionuclides and their contribution to the absorbed dose in the fish cubera snapper (lutjanus cyanopterus, cuvier, 1828) on the coast of Ceara, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (spe4) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner de S. Pereira ◽  
Alphonse Kelecom ◽  
Delcy de A. Py Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
A Value ◽  
Lead 210

A methodology was developed for converting the activity concentration of radionuclides (Bq kg-1) into absorbed dose rate (Gy y-1), aiming an approach to environmental radioprotection based on the concept of standard dose limit. The model considers only the internal absorbed dose rate. This methodology was applied to the cubera snapper fish (Lutjanus cyanopterus, Cuvier, 1828) caught off the coast of Ceará. The natural radionuclides considered were uranium-238, radium-226, lead-210, thorium-232 and radium-228. The absorbed dose rates were calculated for individual radionuclides and the type of emitted radiation. The average dose rate due to these radionuclides was 5.36 µGy y-1, a value six orders of magnitude smaller than the threshold value of absorbed dose rate used in this study (3.65 10³ mGy y-1), and similar to that found in the literature for benthic fish. Ra-226 and U-238 contributed 67% and 22% of the absorbed dose rate, followed by Th-232 with 10%. Ra-228 and Pb-210, in turn, accounted for less than 1% of the absorbed dose rate. This distribution is somewhat different from that reported in the literature, where the Ra-226 accounts for 86% of the absorbed dose rate.

scholarly journals Measurement of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Level and Annual Effective Dose in and Around Nuggihalli-Holenarasipura Schist Belts, Karnataka State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Niranjan R S ◽  
Ningappa C ◽  
Nandakumar V ◽  
Harshavardhana C N
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Gamma Radiations ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

All individual living beings on the earth are exposed continuously to the radiations coming from terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources and also from their own bodies. The indoor and outdoor ambient gamma radiations are measured in and around Nuggihalli- Holenarasipura schist belts of Hassan district in Karnataka state. The measurements are carried out using the environment radiation dosimeter UR 705 which is a portable detector. Absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose rate are estimated by measuring the exposure rate. The total annual effective dose calculated from both indoor and outdoor varies from 0.68 to1.62 mSv.y-1 with an average value of 1.16 mSv.y-1. The calculated indoor and outdoor annual effective doses are found to be higher than the world average.

CHANGES OF ABSORBED DOSE RATE IN AIR BY CAR-BORNE SURVEY IN NAMIE TOWN, FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE AFTER THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shiroma ◽  
M Hosoda ◽  
K Iwaoka ◽  
M Hegedűs ◽  
H Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Fdnpp Accident ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

Abstract The latest car-borne survey was carried out by Hirosaki University in order to grasp the local distribution of the absorbed dose rate in air after the evacuation order was lifted on Namie Town in 2017. The car-borne survey of absorbed dose rate in air was carried out on most of the roads which were accessible by car in Namie Town using a 3-in × 3-in NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The range of the absorbed dose rate in air was calculated to be 0.041–11 μGy h−1. The distribution maps of the absorbed dose rate in air were drawn based on the data obtained during the surveys in 2011, 2015 and 2017. The comparison of these absorbed dose rates in air suggests that the elevated absorbed dose rate in air in Namie Town caused by the FDNPP accident may be decreasing faster than natural decline which includes weathering effect and physical decay due to the artificial decontamination.

scholarly journals Analysing radionuclide content in soil samples and radiological risks in the clayey material surrounding of the “Zbegovi” deposit, Donje Crniljevo, Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Sreten Ilic ◽  
Tatjana Golubovic ◽  
Natasa Pajic ◽  
Mirjana Djurasevic ◽  
Aleksandar Kandic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Clayey Material ◽  
The Mean

This paper presents the results of analyses of radionuclide content in the samples of the surrounding soil and clayey material of ?Zbegovi? open-pit mine in Donje Crniljevo, Serbia. Samples from 78 sites were collected and prepared. The activity concentrations were determined for radionuclides: 238U, 232Th, 40K, 226Ra, and 137Cs. The mean values obtained are as follows: 23 Bqkg?1, 89 Bqkg?1, 372 Bqkg?1, 56 Bqkg?1, and 11 Bqkg?1, respectively. Concentrations of 238U, 40K, and 226Ra in the studied area do not deviate from the values obtained for the soil in Serbia. The concentration of 232Th in the studied area is slightly higher relative to average values for soil, and slightly lower compared to similar deposits of clayey material in the world. Measurements performed showed that the open-pit mine of clayey material is completely uncontaminated surface as far as 137Cs is concerned, while there are sites where measured 137Cs concentrations are significantly higher, which is due to topographic differences and inhomogeneous surface contamination of land after the Chernobyl accident. To assess the radiological risks in the observed area, the following indices were determined: absorbed dose rate, annual outdoor effective dose, absorbed dose for biota, excess lifetime cancer risk outdoors as well as external radiation hazard index. The mean value of the estimated absorbed dose rate in the given area amounts to 80.1 nGyh?1, and the annual outdoor effective dose ranges from 46.9 to 134 Sv. Absorbed dose rate for biota in the studied area is 1.31 10?4 Gyd?1. The mean excess lifetime cancer risk outdoors for the population is 3.8 10?4, and t he mean value of the external radiation hazard index obtained in this study is 0.48, which is consistent with the world average. A low dose of radiation will not pose a risk to the population and biota in the studied area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gamma Radiation 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in Nassarawa, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
U. Rilwan ◽  
I. Umar ◽  
A. Z. Ngari ◽  
H. A. Abdullahi ◽  
H. O. Aboh
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study assessed gamma radiation from 232Th, 226Ra and 40K. Twelve soil samples collected from the study area were analyzed using Nal (TI) detector. Mean concentration for 40K, 232Th and 226Ra were found to be 483.97±7.32 Bq/kg, 28.43±5.30 Bq/kgS and 66.84±2.02 Bq/kg respectively. Absorbed Dose Rate ranged from 44.85 nGy/h to 90.71 nGy/h with a mean of 73.68 nGy/h. Effective Dose Rate ranged from 0.055 to 0.111 msv/yr with a mean of 0.090 mSv/y. The Internal and External Hazard Indices ranged from 0.271 to 0.533 Bq/kg with the mean of 0.435 Bq/kg and 0.289 to 0.675 Bq/kg with the mean of 0.512 Bq/kg respectively. It can thus be concluded that the radiation dose of the study area is minimal and seems to have low exposure for the inhabitants in and around the contaminated areas. It is therefore recommended that regular radiation monitoring exercises should be conducted on the processing sites to prevent the inhabitants of the area from high radiation exposure due to direct inhalation of finely divided particulates and dust comprised of the above-mentioned radionuclides.

scholarly journals 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activities and associated radiological hazards in building materials of Islamabad capital territory, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity levels in building materials, collected from the Islamabad capital territory have been determined by using a gamma spectrometric technique. Measured specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in material samples ranged from 8 ? 1 to 116 ? 6 Bq/kg, 9 ? 1 to 152 ? ? 5 Bq/kg, and 29 ? 6 to 974 ? 23 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and gamma index were evaluated from the measured amounts of radioactivity to assess the radiation hazard associated with the studied building materials. The mean radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose estimated ranged from 81 ? 6 to 221 ? 11 Bq/kg, 38 ? 3 to 104 ? 5 nGy/h, and 0.23 ? 0.02 to 0.64 ? 0.03 mSv, respectively. The ranges of the calculated Raeq were found to be lower than the values recommended for construction materials (370 Bq/kg). The mean values of the internal and external hazard indices were found in the range of 0.30 ? 0.02 to 0.78 ? 0.05 and 0.22 ? 0.02 to 0.60 ? 0.03, respectively. The results of the materials examined indicate no significant radiological hazards arise from using such material in building construction.

Absorbed dose rate assessment for the Japanese cedar stand affected after the Fukushima NPP accident.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Mikailova ◽  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Sergey Fesenko ◽  
Hiroaki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates

<p>The nuclear disaster from the FNPP accident resulted in the major contamination of forest ecosystem of Eastern Japan. Forests are the most susceptible to ionizing radiation exposure, especially conifers due to their high radiosensitivity and pollutant interception abilities. A high concentration of radionuclides in forest ecosystems caused an increase in the dose rate. Japanese cedar belongs to Japan's endemic species; therefore, the current study was aimed at the absorbed dose rate assessment of the C. japonica forest stand in the Yamakiya district. To estimate the absorbed dose rates to the Japanese cedar trees, we used the <sup>134,137</sup>Cs concentrations in different forest ecosystems’ compartments. The calculations include data from 2011 to 2017. The dose rate assessments were performed at different heights of the forest ecosystem (canopy, trunk, understory). The average dose rates decreased from 40 µGy/day in 2011 to 13 µGy/day in 2017. The assessment results comply with the ambient dose rate measured from 2011 to 2015. The assessment showed that the water content in the litter and topsoil layers significantly influence the formation of the dose rate. Via the model, we simulated the dose rates for 20% and 80% of the litter water content. The results showed that the average measured dose rates lie within the estimated results. Due to the lack of data on litter and soil moisture during sampling, now we are trying to calculate the ground layers’ water content using the available information on precipitation rate.</p>

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