Performance Testing of Eye Lens Dosemeter and Evaluation of Personal Radiological Exposition at Douera Orthopedic Interventional Service

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Larabi-Harfouche ◽  
F Dari ◽  
A Herrati ◽  
G Medkour Ishak-Boushaki ◽  
D J Ouldmouhoub-Bedak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Testing ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Nuclear Research Center ◽  
Threshold Doses ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Icrp Publication

Abstract The radiological monitoring of the eye in the workplace depends on the type of dosemeter used and its performance. The dosimetric performances of Nuclear Research Center of Algiers (CRNA) developed eye lens dosemeter (Larabi-Harfouche et al. Characterization and qualification of a CRNA eye dosimeter. Perspect Sci. 12, 100402 (2019)) are investigated in this work in order to assess its ability to measure the operational quantity Hp(3) in photon fields and to check its compliance with the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations for professionally exposed people (ICRP. ICRP statement on tissue reactions/early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs – threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. ICRP Publication 118. Ann. ICRP 41(1/2) (2012)). Some key performance indicators including the relative response of the nonlinearity, coefficient of variation, and photon energy and angular dependence are assessed before the use of this dosemeter for eye lens monitoring of orthopedic staff in the operating room at Douera hospital. The monitoring results of this first pilot study are presented and discussed in view of supporting the recommendations of the International Organization for Standardization 15382: 2015 concerning the monitoring of the dose at lens.

scholarly journals Radiotherapeutic implications of the updated ICRP thresholds for tissue reactions related to cataracts and circulatory diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Dauer ◽  
E. Yorke ◽  
M. Williamson ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
Z.L. Dauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Threshold Doses ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Icrp Publication ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

Radiation therapy of cancer patients involves a trade-off between a sufficient tumour dose for a high probability of local control and dose to organs at risk that is low enough to lead to a clinically acceptable probability of toxicity. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reviewed epidemiological evidence and provided updated estimates of ‘practical’ threshold doses for tissue injury, as defined at the level of 1% incidence, in ICRP Publication 118. Particular attention was paid to cataracts and circulatory diseases. ICRP recommended nominal absorbed dose threshold for these outcomes as low as 0.5 Gy. Threshold doses for tissue reactions can be reached in some patients during radiation therapy. Modern treatment planning systems do not account for such low doses accurately, and doses to therapy patients from associated imaging procedures are not generally accounted for. While local control is paramount, the observations of ICRP Publication 118 suggest that radiation therapy plans and processes should be examined with particular care. The research needs are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals ICRP PUBLICATION 118: ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions and Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs — Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Stewart ◽  
A.V. Akleyev ◽  
M. Hauer-Jensen ◽  
J.H. Hendry ◽  
N.J. Kleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Dose Delivery ◽  
Circulatory Disease ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Threshold Doses ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Tissue Reactions

This report provides a review of early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs with respect to radiation protection. It was instigated following a recommendation in Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007), and it provides updated estimates of ‘practical’ threshold doses for tissue injury defined at the level of 1% incidence. Estimates are given for morbidity and mortality endpoints in all organ systems following acute, fractionated, or chronic exposure. The organ systems comprise the haematopoietic, immune, reproductive, circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and nervous systems; the digestive and urinary tracts; the skin; and the eye. Particular attention is paid to circulatory disease and cataracts because of recent evidence of higher incidences of injury than expected after lower doses; hence, threshold doses appear to be lower than previously considered. This is largely because of the increasing incidences with increasing times after exposure. In the context of protection, it is the threshold doses for very long follow-up times that are the most relevant for workers and the public; for example, the atomic bomb survivors with 40–50 years of follow-up. Radiotherapy data generally apply for shorter follow-up times because of competing causes of death in cancer patients, and hence the risks of radiation-induced circulatory disease at those earlier times are lower. A variety of biological response modifiers have been used to help reduce late reactions in many tissues. These include antioxidants, radical scavengers, inhibitors of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, growth factors, and cytokines. In many cases, these give dose modification factors of 1.1–1.2, and in a few cases 1.5–2, indicating the potential for increasing threshold doses in known exposure cases. In contrast, there are agents that enhance radiation responses, notably other cytotoxic agents such as antimetabolites, alkylating agents, anti-angiogenic drugs, and antibiotics, as well as genetic and comorbidity factors. Most tissues show a sparing effect of dose fractionation, so that total doses for a given endpoint are higher if the dose is fractionated rather than when given as a single dose. However, for reactions manifesting very late after low total doses, particularly for cataracts and circulatory disease, it appears that the rate of dose delivery does not modify the low incidence. This implies that the injury in these cases and at these low dose levels is caused by single-hit irreparable-type events. For these two tissues, a threshold dose of 0.5 Gy is proposed herein for practical purposes, irrespective of the rate of dose delivery, and future studies may elucidate this judgement further.

Radiation biology and radiation protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Threshold Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Injury Threshold ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Threshold Doses ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Hereditary Effects

For protection purposes, the biological effects of radiation are separated into stochastic effects (cancer, hereditary effects) presumed to be unicellular in origin, and tissue reactions due to injury in populations of cells. The latter are deterministic effects, renamed ‘tissue reactions’ in the 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection because of the increasing evidence of the ability to modify responses after irradiation. Tissue reactions become manifest either early or late after doses above a threshold dose, which is the basis for recommended dose limits for avoiding such effects. Latency time before manifestation is related to cell turnover rates, and tissue proliferative and structural organisation. Threshold doses have been defined for practical purposes at 1% incidence of an effect. In general, threshold doses are lower for longer follow-up times because of the slow progression of injury before manifestation. Radiosensitive individuals in the population may contribute to low threshold doses, and in the future, threshold doses may be increased by the use of various biological response modifiers post irradiation for reducing injury. Threshold doses would be expected to be higher for fractionated or protracted doses, unless doses below the threshold dose only cause single-hit-type events that are not modified by repair/recovery phenomena, or if different mechanisms of injury are involved at low and high doses.

MINIMIZING THE EXPOSURE TO THE EYE LENS OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING PATIENTS DURING CHEST X RAYS: A PHANTOM STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Yasuda Mitsuyoshi ◽  
Funada Tomoya ◽  
Sato Hisaya ◽  
Kato Kyoichi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiologic Technologists ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
The Right

Abstract As chest x rays involve risks of patients falling, radiologic technologists (technologists) commonly assist patients, and as the assistance takes place near the patients, the eye lenses of the technologists are exposed to radiation. The recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection suggest that the risk of developing cataracts due to lens exposure is high, and this makes it necessary to reduce and minimize the exposure. The present study investigated the positions of technologists assisting patients that will minimize exposure of the eye lens to radiation. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the exposure by assisting from the following positions: 50% at the sides rather than diagonally behind, 10% at the right side of the patient rather than the left and 40% at 250 mm away from the patient. The maximum reduction with radiation protection glasses was 54% with 0.07 mmPb and 72% with 0.88 mmPb.

Oral Sequelae of Head and Neck Radiotherapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vissink ◽  
J. Jansma ◽  
F.K.L. Spijkervet ◽  
F.R. Burlage ◽  
R.P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Caries ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes

In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.

Neutron Capture Gamma-Ray Study at Tehran Nuclear Research Center

1979 ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
A. A. Soltanieh ◽  
J. Goshtasbi ◽  
A. R. Ghareh Chaie ◽  
V. Zarifian ◽  
Q. Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Nuclear Research Center

Studi Paparan Radiasi pada Pekerja Radiasi Cathlab dengan Menggunakan My Dose Mini sebagai Upaya Keselamatan Radiasi di RSUP Adam Malik Medan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Martua Damanik ◽  
◽  
Josepa ND Simanjuntak ◽  
Elvita Rahmi Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Radiation Worker ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure Dose

Cathlab radiation workers, when performing interventional procedures, are at high risk of the effects of radiation exposure. The risk of radiation exposure is deterministic and stochastic biological effects. Therefore, radiation exposure studies of radiation workers at the cath lab were conducted to determine the value of radiation exposure received. This radiation exposure study was conducted by measuring and recording radiation exposure doses received by radiation workers. Measurements are made when the radiation officer performs the intervention procedure. The research was carried out for one month in the cath lab room of the Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. The modalities used are GE Medical System Interventional Fluoroscopy and Phillips Allura Xper FD20. The dosimeter used is “my dose mini”, which is placed inside a shield or apron worn by radiation workers. The size of the apron shield used is 0.50 mm Pb at the front and 0.25 mm Pb at the rear. Radiation officers whose radiation exposure dose was measured consisted of 10 doctors, 11 nurses, and one radiographer. Each inspection procedure of each radiation worker has a different distance, time, and shield from the radiation source. The measurement of radiation exposure dose is (1-59 μSv) for doctors, (1-58 μSv) for nurses, and 1 μSv for radiographers. To protect against radiation must pay attention to the factors of time, distance, and shielding. Ways that can do are to avoid being close to radiation sources for too long, keep a space at a safe level from radiation, and use shields such as Pb-coated aprons, use Pb gloves, Pb goggles, and thyroid protectors. The amount of radiation exposure dose received by each radiation worker at the time of measurement is still within the tolerance limit. The Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) regulation, which the International Commission recommends on Radiological Protection (ICRP), is 20 mSv/year. The results of this study are expected to be used as input for improving the quality of service for monitoring radiation exposure doses in the Cathlab and as reference material for further research.

Pharmacological Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Injury Induced by Radiotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleh Sahebnasagh ◽  
Fatemeh Saghafi ◽  
Saeed Azimi ◽  
Ebrahim Salehifar ◽  
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Radiation Beams

: More than half of cancer patients need radiotherapy during the course of their treatment. Despite the beneficial aspects, the destructive effects of radiation beams on normal tissues lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell injury. Kidneys are affected during radiotherapy of abdominal malignancies. Radiation nephropathy eventually leads to the release of factors triggering systemic inflammation. Currently, there is no proven prophylactic or therapeutic intervention for the management of radiation-induced nephropathy. This article reviews the biomarkers involved in the pathophysiology of radiation-induced nephropathy and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The efficacy of compounds with potential radio-protective properties on amelioration of inflammation and oxidative stress is also discussed. By outlining the approaches for preventing and treating this critical side effect, we evaluate the potential treatment of radiation-induced nephropathy. Available preclinical and clinical studies on these compounds are also scrutinized.

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