Modelling urinary excretion of molybdenum after oral and intravenous administration of stable tracers

2007 ◽  
Vol 127 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giussani ◽  
M. C. Cantone ◽  
V. Hollriegl ◽  
U. Oeh ◽  
F. Tavola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Stable Tracers

scholarly journals Urinary Concentrations of Colistimethate and Formed Colistin after Intravenous Administration in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Luque ◽  
Carol Escaño ◽  
Luisa Sorli ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Nuria Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colistimethate Sodium

ABSTRACT Limited information is available on the urinary excretion of colistin in infected patients. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of colistimethate sodium (CMS) and formed colistin in urine in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted on 12 patients diagnosed with an infection caused by an extremely drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa strain and treated with intravenous CMS. Fresh urine samples were collected at 2-h intervals, and blood samples were collected predose (C min ss) and at the end of the CMS infusion (C max ss) for measurement of concentrations of CMS and formed colistin using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CMS urinary recovery was determined as the summed amount of CMS and formed colistin recovered in urine for each 2-h interval divided by the CMS dose. There were 12 enrolled patients, 9 of whom were male (75%). Data [median (range)] were as follows: age, 65.5 (37 to 86) years; colistimethate urinary recovery 0 to 6 h, 42.6% (2.9% to 72.8%); range of concentrations of colistin in urine, <0.1 to 95.4 mg/liter; C min ss and C max ss of colistin in plasma, 0.9 (<0.2 to 1.4) and 0.9 (<0.2 to 1.4) mg/liter, respectively. In 6/12 (50%) patients, more than 40% of the CMS dose was recovered in the urine within the first 6 h after CMS administration. This study demonstrated rapid urinary excretion of CMS in patients within the first 6 h after intravenous administration. In all but one patient, the concentrations of formed colistin in urine were above the MIC for the most predominant isolate of P. aeruginosa in our hospital. Future studies are warranted for optimizing CMS dosage regimens in urinary tract infection (UTI) patients.

scholarly journals The urinary excretion of Nτ-methyl histidine in sheep: an invalid index of muscle protein breakdown

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Harris ◽  
G. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Muscle Protein Breakdown

1. The validity of the urinary excretion of Nτ-methyl histidine (Nτ-MH) in sheep as a measure of the breakdown of muscle protein in vivo was assessed from the urinary recovery of radioactivity following the intravenous administration of Nτ-[14CH3]methylhistidine.2. Recoveries of radioactivity in urine from animals of 4 weeks to 7 years of age were incomplete in 7 d but progressively increased with the age of the animal, becoming almost quantitative (90%) in older animals after recovery for 3 weeks.3. The incomplete urinary recoveries were not due to partial excretion of Nτ-MH in faeces or its oxidation and elimination in expired gases but were related to the presence in muscle of a pool of non-protein-bound Nτ-MH which was several times larger than the expected daily urinary excretion.4. This pool in newly accreted muscle tissue was maintained by retention of some of the Nτ-MH released by breakdown of muscle protein. Hence, only a proportion of the Nτ-MH released from protein breakdown was available for excretion. This proportion increased with the age of the animal and was probably the main determinant of the improved recoveries of radioactivity obtained in urine from older animals.5. The non-protein-bound Nτ-MH in muscle consisted of free Nτ-MH and a dipeptide containing Nτ-MH, the latter comprising on average approximately 82% of the total non-protein-bound Nτ-MH in muscle. This proportion did not change appreciably with the age of the animal.6. The dipeptide appeared to be synthesized in muscle from free Nτ-MH and was not a terminal product of protein breakdown.7. The results show that urinary excretion of Nτ-MH is not a reliable index of muscle protein breakdown in sheep.

Absorption and Excretion of 17, 21-Dihydroxy-20-Ketosteroids in Dogs

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H Silber ◽  
Evan R Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Half Life

Abstract The plasma concentrations of free 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids and urinary excretion of both free and glucuronide forms have been determined after oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration of cortisone, hydrocortisone, their δ1 forms, and 9α-fluorohydrocortisone to dogs. Excretion of the glucuronide forms of those steroids with a double bond at the 1-2 position or with a fluorine at position 9 was depressed, and the plasma half-life of each of these steroids was longer than that of the parent compound.

Indoluria in Schizophrenia:

1959 ◽  
Vol 105 (440) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Primary And Secondary Amines ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites

Investigation of the urinary excretion of indoles in psychotic illnesses has a certain historical precedent. Thus Townsend (1905) and Bruce (1906) reported excess of indican in the urine of melancholic patients. Bruce correlated this finding with the recognized tendency to constipation in depressives and treated his patients with enemata. Ross (1913) reported that schizophrenic subjects excreted an excess of indole-acetic acid in the urine. De Jong (1945) reported the experimental induction of catalepsy in cats by the intravenous administration of indolethylamine and noted in his monograph that this substance, if perfusedin vitrothrough the liver, is converted to indole-acetic acid. Buscaino (1952) reported finding abnormal amounts of primary and secondary amines in the urine of schizophrenics. More recently Riegelhaupt (1956, 1958) has reported an excess of tryptophan metabolites in schizophrenic urine while McGeer and co-workers (1957) have reported a difference in the excretion of aromatic substances as between normals and schizophrenics. Though these authors do not make the point clear, yet in fact indoles come under the general heading of aromatic substances.

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