scholarly journals M90. CANNABIS USE, CIGARETTE SMOKING, AND PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES IN ADOLESCENCE AND DIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHOSIS IN EARLY ADULTHOOD. A BIRTH-COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S168-S169
Author(s):  
Teemu Peltonen ◽  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Jari Koskela ◽  
Jouko Miettunen ◽  
Juha Veijola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Symptom Profile

Abstract Background Recent studies indicate that adolescent cannabis use (1) and cigarette smoking (2) increase the risk for psychosis. However, less is known about symptom profile associated with cannabis use and cigarette smoking prior to the psychotic episodes. Our aim was to study the associations between daily smoking, life-time cannabis use, and psychotic experiences in adolescence, and their relationship with psychotic disorders in early adulthood. Methods The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study includes 99% of all births (n=9432) in the region. At age 15–16, data on self-reported daily cigarette smoking and cannabis use was gathered using questionnaires. Psychotic experiences during past 6 months were evaluated using PROD-screen (3). Psychiatric diagnoses were collected from four Finnish nationwide health-care registers until year 2016, when participants were 30–31 years old. Individuals with information on daily smoking, cannabis use and psychotic experiences (n=6037, 47.7% male, 64.0% of the total cohort) were included. Associations were studied using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results At age 15–16, 12.5% (n=755) reported daily smoking, and 5.6% (n=340) reported lifetime cannabis use and 30.9% (n=1868) were PROD-screen positive, i.e. reporting ≥3 symptoms on the PROD-screen. At age 30–31, 1.8% (n=111) of the participants had a register-based psychosis diagnosis. Individuals with subsequent psychosis reported more daily smoking (24.3%), cannabis use (15.3%) and psychotic experiences (51.4%) in adolescence than did individuals without any psychiatric diagnosis (11.1%, 4.6% and 28.6%). The multivariate logistic regression analyses included sex, daily smoking, lifetime cannabis use, drug use other than cannabis and parental psychosis. Among those with psychosis during the follow-up, cannabis use at age 15–16 associated with positive PROD-screen (OR=5.0, 95%CI 1.1–22.1, p=0.033), ‘experience of thoughts running wild or difficulty in controlling the speed of thoughts’ (OR=5.0, 95%CI 1.2–20.9, p=0.026), and ‘depression, apathy, loss or energy or marked tiredness’ (OR 5.3, 95%CI 1.3–22.3, p=0.021). In the same group, daily smoking was inversely associated with ‘disorders in connection with vision, such as blurred vision, visual oversensitivity or changing visual perceptions’ (OR=0.1, 95%CI 0.02–0.8, p=0.028). Among those without later psychiatric diagnosis, cannabis use associated with positive PROD-screen and PROD-items indicating anxiety, bodily restlessness, depression, difficulty completing tasks, difficulty thinking clearly, difficulty controlling the speed of thoughts, feelings of strange things happening, feelings, thoughts or behaviors that could be considered weird and feelings of being followed or influenced. In the same group, daily smoking was associated with bodily restlessness and depression. Discussion Lifetime cannabis use in adolescence is associated with psychotic experiences in individuals with or without subsequent psychosis. In those with subsequent psychosis, cannabis use had smaller impact on symptom profile. The inverse association between visual hallucinations and daily smoking in adolescence among individuals with subsequent psychotic disorder is a novel finding and needs further exploring. References 1. Marconi A et al. Meta-analysis of the Association Between the Level of Cannabis Use and Risk of Psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 2016 Sep;42(5):1262–9 2. Gurillo P et al. Does tobacco use cause psychosis? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(8):718–25. 3. Heinimaa M et al. PROD-screen – a screen for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Int J Meth Psych Res. 2003 Jun;12(2):92–104.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Irsan Nasution ◽  
Ramsi Lutan ◽  
Delfitri Munir ◽  
Arlinda Sari Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Salted Fish

Introduciton Since then the pathogenesis of NPC has been intensively studied, specifically aimed at geography and racial variation. In recent years many environmental and biological factors have shown a risky relationship to the occurrence of NPC and the latest research results indicate the role of genetic and viral factors in the development of this disease Objectives Etiology of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is multifactorial, and many of these factors overlap where one factor may occur together with other elements as a cause. Cigarette smoking is thought to also play a role in the development of NPC.   Methods The study design was in case of control with an analytical approach during February-October 2007.  To find out the relationship between Cigarette smoking NPC, a case-control study was conducted, with a sample of 96 patients with NPC as case and 96 people as a control. Case group and control samples were taken from RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan and RSU Dr. Pirngadi Medan.  Results The majority of NPC patients are: Men (compared with women 2.84: 1), 50-59 years (29.2%), and farming (32.3%). The Batak ethnic is the largest ethnic group suffering from NPC 54 people (56.3%) and followed in the second place the most are Javanese (29.2%). The most histopathological type is WHO type 3 (38.6%). Most stages were III (58.4%), followed by stage IV (40.6%), stage II (1%), and there was none of stage I.In univariate logistic regression showed a significant relationship between smokers with consumption of cigarettes 11-20 cigarettes per day with OR=2.530 (p=0.021) with the occurrence of NPC. However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of cigarettes per day did not show a significant relationship (p=0.587). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly associated with people who had started smoking before the age of 20 years (p=0.000; OR 5.35 and CI 95% 2.290-12.499), consuming habits of salted fish before 10 years of age with sometimes frequency  consumption of  salted  fish  p=0.000;   OR  7.766  (95% CI 2.937-20.538), often p=0.000; OR 16.515 (95% CI 5.3000-51.463), and the habit of using firewood p=0.014; OR 3.147 (95% CI 1.260-7.860). There was no significant relationship between the duration of cigarette smoking (p=0.293), a number of cigarettes (p=0.021) and the types of cigarettes smoked (p=0.081) with the incidence of NPC. Conclusion Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for NPC cannot act stand-alone as a risk factor, but there is a role for other factors that also influence as a risk factor.

Smoking-Specific Risk Factors in Early Adulthood That Mediate Risk of Daily Smoking by Age 29 for Children with ADHD

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110036
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Rhodes ◽  
Traci M. Kennedy ◽  
Christine A. P. Walther ◽  
Elizabeth M. Gnagy ◽  
William E. Pelham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Profile Score ◽  
Specific Factors

Objective: To test whether smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood mediate prediction to daily smoking from childhood ADHD. Methods: Participants were 237 with and 164 without childhood ADHD. A smoking risk profile score comprising smoking-specific factors measured between ages 18 to 25 (e.g., craving severity) and age of initiation was tested as mediator of the association between childhood ADHD and age 29 daily smoking. Results: Childhood ADHD predicted age 29 smoking (β = −.15, p = .019), 35% of ADHD versus 17% of nonADHD, and the profile score (β = −.07, p = .004), which in turn mediated prediction to age 29 daily smoking (β = −.03; p = .007). When tested individually, three profile variables (# cigarettes/day, difficulty concentrating during abstinence, and nicotine dependence) were significant mediators ( ps = 0.005–0.038), above and beyond early adult smoking, ADHD persistence, and delinquency. Conclusions: These behavioral smoking characteristics help explain later daily cigarette smoking for adults with ADHD histories and may need to be targeted in intervention.

Epidemiology of pediatric hydrocephalus in Haiti: analysis of a surgical case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-576
Author(s):  
Michael Ragheb ◽  
Ashish H. Shah ◽  
Sarah Jernigan ◽  
Tulay Koru-Sengul ◽  
John Ragheb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Surgical Case ◽  
Operative Notes

OBJECTIVEHydrocephalus is recognized as a common disabling pediatric disease afflicting infants and children disproportionately in the developing world, where access to neurosurgical care is limited and risk of perinatal infection is high. This surgical case series describes the Project Medishare Hydrocephalus Specialty Surgery (PMHSS) program experience treating hydrocephalus in Haiti between 2008 and 2015.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective review of all cases involving children treated for hydrocephalus within the PMHSS program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, from 2008 through 2015. All relevant epidemiological information of children treated were prospectively collected including relevant demographics, birth history, hydrocephalus etiology, head circumference, and operative notes. All appropriate associations and statistical tests were performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTSAmong the 401 children treated within PMHSS, postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) accounted for 39.4% (n = 158) of cases based on clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic findings. The majority of children with hydrocephalus in Haiti were male (54.8%, n = 197), born in the rainy season (59.7%, n = 233), and born in a coastal/inland location (43.3%, n = 61). The most common surgical intervention was endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) (45.7%, n = 175). Multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded coastal birth location (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.16–12.18) as a statistically significant predictor of PIH. Increasing head circumference (adjusted OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.13) demonstrated a slight trend toward significance with the incidence of PIH.CONCLUSIONSThis information will provide the foundation for future clinical and public health studies to better understand hydrocephalus in Haiti. The 39.4% prevalence of PIH falls within observed rates in Africa as does the apparently higher prevalence for those born during the rainy season. Although PIH was the most frequent etiology seen in almost all birth locations, the potential relationship with geography noted in this series will be the focus of further research in an effort to understand the link between climate and PIH in Haiti. The ultimate goal will be to develop an appropriate public health strategy to reduce the burden of PIH on the children of Haiti.

Preoperative Circulating MiR-210, a Risk Factor for Postoperative Delirium Among Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer Undergoing Curative Resection

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5213-5219
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Jinwei Zheng ◽  
Junping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Curative Resection ◽  
Postoperative Delirium ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Clinicopathologic Characteristics

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a very common complication in elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC) and associated with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression via targeting mRNAs and play important roles in the nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the potential predictive role of miRNAs for POD. Methods: Elderly GC patients who were scheduled to undergo elective curative resection were consequently enrolled in this study. POD was assessed at 1 day before surgery and 1-7 days after surgery following the guidance of the 5th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V, 2013). The demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics and preoperative circulating miRNAs by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were compared between patients with or without POD. Risk factors for POD were assessed via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 370 participants were enrolled, of which 63 had suffered from POD within postoperative 7 days with an incidence of 17.0%. Preoperative miR-210 was a predictor for POD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.921, a cut-off value of 1.67, a sensitivity of 95.11%, and a specificity of 92.06%, (P<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression model, the relative expression of serum miR-210 was an independent risk factor for POD (OR: 3.37, 95%CI: 1.98–5.87, P=0.003). Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study highlighted that preoperative miR-210 could serve as a potential predictor for POD in elderly GC patients undergoing curative resection.

High Risk of One-year Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Younger Age and Prior History of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Der Lee ◽  
Ya-Han Hu ◽  
Meng Lee ◽  
Yen-Chu Huang ◽  
Ya-Wen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Recurrent ischemic strokes increase the risk of disability and mortality. The role of conventional risk factors in recurrent strokes may change due to increased awareness of prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk factors besides conventional ones which may help to affect the advances in future preventive concepts associated with one-year stroke recurrence (OSR). Methods: We analyzed 6,632 adult patients with ischemic stroke. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without OSR were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. Results: Among the study population, 525 patients (7.9%) had OSR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.025 – 1.506), age (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.007 - 1.023), and a prior history of ischemic stroke (OR 1.331, 95% CI 1.096 – 1.615) were major factors associated with OSR. CART analysis further identified age and a prior history of ischemic stroke were important factors for OSR when classified the patients into three subgroups (with risks of OSR of 8.8%, 3.8%, and 12.5% for patients aged > 57.5 years, ≤ 57.5 years/with no prior history of ischemic stroke, and ≤ 57.5 years/with a prior history of ischemic stroke, respectively). Conclusions: Male sex, age, and a prior history of ischemic stroke could increase the risk of OSR by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and CART analysis further demonstrated that patients with a younger age (≤ 57.5 years) and a prior history of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of OSR.

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