scholarly journals Assessing the Use of Chopper Herbicide for Establishing Hardwood Plantations on a Cutover Site

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Schuler ◽  
Daniel J. Robison ◽  
Harold E. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Quercus Pagoda ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract Successful establishment of hardwood plantations requires effective weed management. Mechanical weed control is inefficient, and few herbicides are available for use in hardwood plantations. In an effort to identify new chemical control options, the potential of imazapyr (Chopper herbicide) for site preparation prior to planting three common southern hardwood species was assessed. Twelve site preparation treatments were tested using Chopper applied at four rates and three timings prior to planting. Each site preparation rate and time pairing was repeated under two postplant herbicide regimes—directed glyphosate (Accord herbicide) sprays designed to maintain weed-free conditions and a single broadcast sulfometuron methyl (Oust herbicide) treatment designed to test a potential operational sequencing of Chopper site preparation followed by herbaceous weed control. Although results must be evaluated in the context of a single site and set of environmental conditions, they demonstrate the utility of Chopper herbicide for site preparation prior to planting hardwoods. For sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.)and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.),site preparation before the end of July with Chopper rates up to 64 oz/ac improved survival and growth over postplant treatments alone. For later season applications, sycamore and sweetgum were more sensitive to the Chopper site preparation rate. For Oct. site preparation, Chopper rates above 16 oz/ac adversely affected planted sycamore seedlings and rates greater than 32 oz/ac adversely effected planted sweetgum seedlings. Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.)performed best using the highest Chopper rate of 64 oz/ac regardless of timing. South. J. Appl. For. 28(3):163–170.

Effects of Preplant and Postplant Rotary Hoe Use on Weed Control, Soybean Pod Position, and Soybean Yield

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Place ◽  
S. Chris Reberg-Horton ◽  
Michael G. Burton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Demand for organic food products has consistently increased for more than 20 yr. The largest obstacle to organic soybean production in the southeastern United States is weed management. Current organic soybean production relies on mechanical weed control, including multiple postplant rotary hoe uses. Although postplant rotary hoe use is effective at the weed germination stage, its efficacy is severely compromised by delays due to weather. Preplant rotary hoeing is also a practice that has been utilized for weed control but the effectiveness of this practice to reduce the need for multiple postplant rotary hoeing for organic soybean production in the southeastern United States has not been investigated. Preplant rotary hoe treatments included a weekly rotary hoeing 4 wk before planting, 2 wk before planting, and none. Postplant rotary hoe treatments consisted of zero, one, two, three, and four postplant rotary hoe uses. Weed control was increased with preplant rotary hoeing at Plymouth in 2006 and 2007 but this effect disappeared with the first postplant rotary hoeing. Multiple postplant rotary hoe uses decreased soybean plant populations, decreased soybean canopy height, lowered soybean pod position, and decreased soybean yield. Plant mapping revealed that the percentage of total nodes and pods below 30 cm was increased by increased frequency of postplant rotary hoe use.

Herbaceous weed control in young conifer plantations with formulations of nitrogen and simazine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1685-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. White ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Noble Fir ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control

Weed control and 2nd-year survival and growth of newly planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and noble fir (Abiesprocera Rehd.) seedlings were measured after application of herbicide and fertilizer in a replicated complete factorial experiment with four levels of simazine (0, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8 kg/ha), three levels of nitrogen (0, 110, 220 kg/ha), two types of nitrogen (urea prill; urea + trimamino-s-triazine (TST) prill), and two kinds of formulations (cogranular prill of simazine + nitrogen; nitrogen prill followed by liquid simazine). For the first growing season, total weed and grass control increased with increasing simazine rates. Total weed control was better when urea + TST, rather than urea alone, was applied in conjunction with simazine. Formulation and nitrogen rate were not significant. After plot treatment with 1.1 kg/ha of liquid hexazinone at the beginning of the second growing season, Douglas-fir survival decreased as rate of urea alone increased; survival decreased with little or no weed control and remained constant or increased with good weed control as rate of urea + TST increased. Noble fir height and diameter and Douglas-fir diameter declined with poor weed control but increased at least to the levels of untreated seedlings with good weed control. Noble fir diameter responded positively to added nitrogen. Although simazine may be toxic to 1st-year conifers, this study suggests that more complete weed control in conjunction with fertilization may benefit young conifer plantations.

scholarly journals Growth of Three Pine Species after Eleven Years on Reclaimed Minesoils In Virginia

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Torbert ◽  
J.A. Burger ◽  
S.H. Schoenholtz ◽  
R.E. Kreh
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Pine Species

Abstract A reforestation experiment was established to test the growth of three pine species on two different surface-mined sites in the Appalachian coalfields of southwest Virginia. One site was mined just prior to enactment of the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA), and one site was mined and reclaimed to its approximate original contour in accordance with post-SMCRA regulations. Three pine species (Pinus taeda, P. virginiana, and P. strobus) were planted on each site in 1981. A fertilization and an herbaceous weed control treatment were tested. Half the plots were fertilized with a 21 g fertilizer tablet at time of planting and a broadcast application of 50 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate prior to the fourth growing season. Each plot was split to accommodate an herbaceous weed control treatment during the first 3 yr. After 11 yr, all three tree species grew very well on the prelaw bench site, but were less productive on the postlaw AOC site. The fastest growing species was loblolly pine, which averaged 22 ft tall. Aggressive herbaceous ground covers commonly established on surface-mined land to reduce erosion were successfully controlled by herbicides, resulting in a significant improvement in survival and growth for all tree species. Fertilization as used in this study had little effect on growth and was not as beneficial for tree establishment as the herbicide treatment. The performance of these commercial tree species in this study demonstrates that good forest management opportunities exist for the owners of surface-mined land. North. J. Appl. For. 17(3):95–99.

scholarly journals A Review of Weed Management Challenges in Organic Peanut Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

ABSTRACT Organic peanut production is a high-risk cropping system, largely due to difficulties in managing weeds using methods acceptable for certified-organic production. In contrast with conventional peanut production that relies heavily on synthetic herbicides, organic peanut production must use an integrated system to manage weeds. The foundation for an integrated weed management system is cultural weed control which is a system of production practices that promote uniform peanut growth to suppress weeds. Cultural weed control includes practices that promote vigorous early-season peanut growth and lessen chances for weed escapes. Mechanical weed control is based on repeated cultivation using a tine weeder and sweep cultivator to control weeds before they emerge. However, weed control consistency from cultivation is affected by rainfall that can delay scheduled cultivations and hinder implement function. Handweeding is also a form of mechanical weed control that is used to supplement other weed control efforts by controlling escapes. Herbicides derived from natural products and thermal weed control using propane flaming have limited value in organic peanut production due to limited weed control spectra, specifically poor control of annual grasses and perennial weeds. Successful weed management in certified organic peanut production will depend on an integrated system, not a single form of weed control.

scholarly journals Cultural Practices and Mechanical Weed Control for the Management of a Low-Diversity Weed Community in Spinach

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Ioannis Gazoulis ◽  
Panagiotis Kanatas ◽  
Nikolaos Antonopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Low-diversity weed communities are dominated by few species that are highly competitive to crops. The management of such weed communities should rely upon sustainable cultural and non-chemical practices, especially in crops such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), where very few herbicides are available. A two-year field trial (2020 and 2021) was conducted to evaluate different fertilization practices (broadcast and banded), intra-row spacings (15 cm, 11 cm, 7 cm), and mechanical weed control treatments (untreated, one treatment, two treatments) for the management of a low-diversity weed community in spinach. Weed competition severely affected spinach commercial biomass (R2 = 0.845). Compared to broadcast fertilization, banded fertilization reduced weed biomass and improved spinach yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Narrow intra-row spacing (7-cm) reduced weed biomass by 28 and 45% compared to intra-row spacings of 11-cm and 15-cm, respectively. Two mechanical weed control treatments resulted in 49% lower weed biomass compared to a single treatment. Commercial biomass increased with decreasing intra-row spacing (R2 = 0.881) and increasing the number of mechanical treatments (R2 = 0.911). More cultural and non-chemical practices should be evaluated for weed management in spinach, especially at sites infested with low-diversity weed communities.

Influence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) density variation on weed management outcomes

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anita Dieleman ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Density Patch ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Interactions between initial weed seedling density and postemergence herbicide and mechanical weed control were studied in two field experiments conducted between 1994 and 1996. Increasing seedbank densities of velvetleaf (0 to 500 seed m–2) in soybean or common sunflower (250 to 2,500 seed 1.3 m–2) in corn or soybean were established at Lincoln and Mead, NE, respectively. Emerged seedlings were treated with increasing intensities of weed control from none to bentazon alone or with interrow cultivation. A positive linear relationship between initial seedling density and density of surviving seedlings was consistently observed. As initial seedling density increased, more survivors were present after treatment. As intensity of weed control increased, the number of seedling survivors decreased. Resulting reproductive fitness decreased with increasing management intensity but remained positive when regressed against surviving seedling densities. Weed management outcomes were dependent on initial seedling density, such that the absolute number of survivors increased, while proportion of survivors appeared constant within the density ranges studied. These research findings emphasize the need to account for weed infestation level when assessing efficacy of weed management systems and provide evidence that patchy weed distributions may persist in part because of the need for considerably higher management intensities in high density patch centers.

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