scholarly journals 0104 The Effect of Time, Sleep, and Wake on Motor Memory Consolidation: A Partial Replication of Walker, Et Al. (2002)

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A41-A42
Author(s):  
M Tucker ◽  
I Wani
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Partial Replication ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Digit Sequence ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Typing Task

Abstract Introduction Findings from Walker, et al (2002) ‘Practice with Sleep Makes Perfect: Sleep-Dependent Motor Skill Learning’ demonstrate that performance on a widely used motor memory task (motor sequence task (MST)) benefits from a 12hr period of sleep (and not wake) even if the sleep period does not occur for approximately 12hrs after task acquisition, suggesting that sleep is crucial for motor memory consolidation. Using a larger sample, we attempted to replicate this finding, which is derived from Groups B & D from Walker et al (2002). Methods Participants (64 medical students: Age 21.2±0.8; N=33 females) were trained on the MST in the morning (10am; N=40) or evening (10pm; N=24) and then returned 12 and 24hrs later to be retested. The MST is a simple typing task that requires participants, at training, to type a 5-digit sequence (e.g., 4-1-3-2-4) as fast and accurately as possible over a series of 12 30-second trials with a 30-second break between each trial. At each retest, participants performed three 30-second trials. Results With 75% of the data collected we have found that when sleep follows training in the evening (first 12hr interval), the number of correctly typed sequences increased by 19.1% (cf. 20.5% in Walker (2002)). After a subsequent day of wake (second 12hr interval) performance increased by an additional 7.3% (cf. 2.0%). However, when a day of wake spanned the first 12hrs following training, performance increased by 14.5% (cf. 3.9%) followed by another 14.5% increase over the subsequent night (cf. 14.4%). Performance differences between sleep and wake participants were nonsignificant over the first 12hrs (p=0.38) and second 12hrs (p=0.49). Conclusion With most of data collection complete, our findings only partially replicate those of Walker et al (2002), and may draw into question the robustness of sleep for the processing motor memory. Support None

Contribution of the Premotor Cortex to Consolidation of Motor Sequence Learning in Humans During Sleep

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 2603-2614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Michaela Jakoubkova ◽  
Nivethida Thirugnanasambandam ◽  
Leonie Schmalfuss ◽  
Sandra Hullemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence

Motor learning and memory consolidation require the contribution of different cortices. For motor sequence learning, the primary motor cortex is involved primarily in its acquisition. Premotor areas might be important for consolidation. In accordance, modulation of cortical excitability via transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS) during learning affects performance when applied to the primary motor cortex, but not premotor cortex. We aimed to explore whether premotor tDCS influences task performance during motor memory consolidation. The impact of excitability-enhancing, -diminishing, or placebo premotor tDCS during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep on recall in the serial reaction time task (SRTT) was explored in healthy humans. The motor task was learned in the evening. Recall was performed immediately after tDCS or the following morning. In two separate control experiments, excitability-enhancing premotor tDCS was performed 4 h after task learning during daytime or immediately before conduction of a simple reaction time task. Excitability-enhancing tDCS performed during REM sleep increased recall of the learned movement sequences, when tested immediately after stimulation. REM density was enhanced by excitability-increasing tDCS and reduced by inhibitory tDCS, but did not correlate with task performance. In the control experiments, tDCS did not improve performance. We conclude that the premotor cortex is involved in motor memory consolidation during REM sleep.

scholarly journals A single-session of mindfulness meditation expedites immediate motor memory consolidation to improve wakeful offline learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Brown ◽  
Alex Chatburn ◽  
David Wright ◽  
Maarten Immink
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Offline Learning ◽  
Implicit Motor ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
Sequence Performance

Post-training meditation has been shown to promote wakeful motor memory stabilization in experienced meditators. We investigated the effect of single-session mindfulness meditation on wakeful and sleep-dependent forms of implicit motor memory consolidation in mediation naïve adults. Immediately after implicit sequence training, participants (N = 20, 8 females, Mage = 23.9 years ± 3.3) completed either a 10-minute focused attention meditation (N = 10), aiming to direct and sustain attention to breathing, or a control listening task. They were then exposed to interference through novel sequence training. Trained sequence performance was tested following a 5-hour wakeful period and again after a 15-hour period, which included sleep. Bayesian inference was applied to group comparison of mean reaction time (MRT) changes across training, interference, wakeful and post-sleep time points. Relative to control conditions, post-training meditation reduced novel sequence interference (BF10 = 6.61) and improved wakeful motor memory consolidation (BF10 = 8.34). No group differences in sleep consolidation were evident (BF10 = 0.38). These findings illustrate that post-training mindfulness meditation expedites wakeful offline learning of an implicit motor sequence in meditation naïve adults. Interleaving mindfulness meditation between acquisition of a target motor sequence and exposure to an interfering motor sequence reduced proactive and retroactive inference. Post-training mindfulness meditation did not enhance nor inhibit sleep-dependent offline learning of a target implicit motor sequence. Previous meditation training is not required to obtain wakeful consolidation gains from post-training mindfulness meditation.

scholarly journals Offline low-frequency rTMS of the primary and premotor cortices does not impact motor sequence memory consolidation despite modulation of corticospinal excitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Psurek ◽  
Bradley Ross King ◽  
Joseph Classen ◽  
Jost-Julian Rumpf
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

AbstractMotor skills are acquired and refined across alternating phases of practice (online) and subsequent consolidation in the absence of further skill execution (offline). Both stages of learning are sustained by dynamic interactions within a widespread motor learning network including the premotor and primary motor cortices. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and its interaction with the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor memory consolidation. Forty-eight healthy human participants (age 22.1 ± 3.1 years) were assigned to three different groups corresponding to either low-frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of left dPMC, rTMS of left M1, or sham rTMS. rTMS was applied immediately after explicit motor sequence training with the right hand. Motor evoked potentials were recorded before training and after rTMS to assess potential stimulation-induced changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). Participants were retested on motor sequence performance after eight hours to assess consolidation. While rTMS of dPMC significantly increased CSE and rTMS of M1 significantly decreased CSE, no CSE modulation was induced by sham rTMS. However, all groups demonstrated similar significant offline learning indicating that consolidation was not modulated by the post-training low-frequency rTMS intervention despite evidence of an interaction of dPMC and M1 at the level of CSE. Motor memory consolidation ensuing explicit motor sequence training seems to be a rather robust process that is not affected by low-frequency rTMS-induced perturbations of dPMC or M1. Findings further indicate that consolidation of explicitly acquired motor skills is neither mediated nor reflected by post-training CSE.

scholarly journals Schema and Motor-Memory Consolidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-978
Author(s):  
Bradley R. King ◽  
Nina Dolfen ◽  
Mareike A. Gann ◽  
Zenzi Renard ◽  
Stephan P. Swinnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
New Information ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Schema Model ◽  
Perceptual Systems

Recent research has demonstrated that memory-consolidation processes can be accelerated if newly learned information is consistent with preexisting knowledge. Until now, investigations of this fast integration of new information into memory have focused on the declarative and perceptual systems. We employed a unique manipulation of a motor-sequence-learning paradigm to examine the effect of experimentally acquired memory on the learning of new motor information. Results demonstrate that new information is rapidly integrated into memory when practice occurs in a framework that is compatible with the previously acquired memory. This framework consists of the ordinal representation of the motor sequence. This enhanced integration cannot be explained by differences in the explicit awareness of the sequence and is observed only if the previously acquired motor memory was consolidated overnight. Results are consistent with the schema model of memory consolidation and offer insights into how previous motor experience can accelerate learning and consolidation processes.

scholarly journals 0108 Brief Periods of Sleep and Quiet Rest Equivalently Benefit Memory Consolidation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A43-A43
Author(s):  
K C Baker ◽  
S Y Wang ◽  
J L Culbreth ◽  
S C Morris ◽  
M J Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
English Word ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Percent Improvement ◽  
Active Wakefulness

Abstract Introduction Past research has demonstrated that sleep benefits the consolidation of memories. However, more recent studies have suggested that quiet rest could have similar benefits for memory. Here, we examined the effect of a brief period of sleep, quiet rest, or active wakefulness on declarative and procedural memory. We hypothesized that sleep and quiet rest would equally benefit memory, compared to a period of active wakefulness. Methods After completing a declarative (Icelandic-English word pairs) and procedural memory task (the Motor Sequence Task (MST)), participants began a 30-min retention period with PSG monitoring, in which they either slept (n=24), quietly rested with their eyes closed (n=22), or completed a distractor task (n=28). Following the retention period, participants were tested on the same memory tasks they completed earlier. Results Percent improvement on the MST from the end of training to the end of the test session differed by condition, F(2, 73)=4.21, p=.019. Sleep and quiet rest led to nearly identical improvement (p=.95), with improvement in both of these conditions being significantly greater than in active wake (sleep vs. active wake: p=.01; quiet rest vs. active wake: p=.02). Similarly, retention of the Icelandic-English word pairs differed by condition (F(2, 73)=5.68, p=.005), with sleep and quiet rest demonstrating nearly identical memory change over time (p=.81), and retention in both of these conditions being significantly higher than in active wake (sleep vs. active wake: p=.007; quiet rest vs. active wake: p=.004). Conclusion These data suggest that sleep and quiet rest can exert an equivalent effect on memory consolidation for both declarative and procedural memory, at least across very brief retention durations. Therefore, neurobiology specific to sleep might not be necessary to induce offline improvement in memory across short intervals. Support This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Award R15MH107891.

Motor memory: Consolidation–based enhancement effect revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Julien Doyon ◽  
Julie Carrier ◽  
Alain Simard ◽  
Abdallah Hadj Tahar ◽  
Amélie Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Seminal Work

Following Karni's seminal work, Walker and other researchers have recently provided gradually convincing evidence that sleep is critical for the consolidation-based enhancement (CBE) of motor sequence learning. Studies in our laboratory using a motor adaptation paradigm, however, show that CBE can also occur after the simple passage of time, suggesting that sleep effects on memory consolidation are task-related, and possibly dependent on anatomically dissociable circuits.

scholarly journals Medial Prefrontal-Hippocampal Connectivity and Motor Memory Consolidation in Depression and Schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Genzel ◽  
Martin Dresler ◽  
Marion Cornu ◽  
Eugen Jäger ◽  
Boris Konrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Motor Memory

scholarly journals Sigma Oscillations Protect or Reinstate Motor Memory Depending on their Temporal Coordination with Slow Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Nicolas ◽  
Brad R King ◽  
David Levesque ◽  
Latifa Lazzouni ◽  
Emily BJ Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Temporal Coordination ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Related Phase

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) during post-learning sleep is known to enhance motor memory consolidation but the underlying neurophysiological processes remain unclear. Here, we confirm the beneficial effect of auditory TMR on motor performance. At the neural level, TMR enhanced slow waves (SW) characteristics. Additionally, greater TMR-related phase-amplitude coupling between slow (0.3-2 Hz) and sigma (12-16 Hz) oscillations after the SW peak was related to higher TMR effect on performance. Importantly, sounds that were not associated to learning strengthened SW-sigma coupling at the SW trough and the increase in sigma power nested in the trough of the potential evoked by these unassociated sounds was related to the TMR benefit. Altogether, our data suggest that, depending on their precise temporal coordination during post learning sleep, slow and sigma oscillations play a crucial role in either memory reinstatement or protection against irrelevant information; two processes that critically contribute to motor memory consolidation.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia-associated variation at ZNF804A correlates with altered experience-dependent dynamics of sleep slow waves and spindles in healthy young adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ullrich Bartsch ◽  
Laura J Corbin ◽  
Charlotte Hellmich ◽  
Michelle Taylor ◽  
Kayleigh E Easey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Common Genetic Variants

Abstract The rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is robustly associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia is, in turn, associated with abnormal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep neurophysiology. To examine whether rs1344706 is associated with intermediate neurophysiological traits in the absence of disease, we assessed the relationship between genotype, sleep neurophysiology, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy participants. We recruited healthy adult males with no history of psychiatric disorder from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Participants were homozygous for either the schizophrenia-associated ‘A’ allele (N=22) or the alternative ‘C’ allele (N=18) at rs1344706. Actigraphy, polysomnography (PSG) and a motor sequence task (MST) were used to characterize daily activity patterns, sleep neurophysiology and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Average MST learning and sleep-dependent performance improvements were similar across genotype groups, albeit more variable in the AA group. During sleep after learning, CC participants showed increased slow-wave (SW) and spindle amplitudes, plus augmented coupling of SW activity across recording electrodes. SW and spindles in those with the AA genotype were insensitive to learning, whilst SW coherence decreased following MST training. Accordingly, NREM neurophysiology robustly predicted the degree of overnight motor memory consolidation in CC carriers, but not in AA carriers. We describe evidence that rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is associated with changes in the coordinated neural network activity that supports offline information processing during sleep in a healthy population. These findings highlight the utility of sleep neurophysiology in mapping the impacts of schizophrenia-associated common genetic variants on neural circuit oscillations and function.

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