scholarly journals Disturbed nighttime sleep in children and adults with rhythmic movement disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Laganière ◽  
Marie-Hélène Pennestri ◽  
Anna Laura Rassu ◽  
Lucie Barateau ◽  
Sofiène Chenini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Periodic Leg Movements ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Polysomnographic Recording

Abstract Study Objectives Rhythmic movements (RMs) during sleep are frequent and often considered as benign in children. Disabling forms are diagnosed as RM disorder and may persist in adulthood. Whether RMs severely impact sleep architecture in patients with RM disorder remain unclear. We performed a case–control study to characterize the clinical and polysomnographic patterns of children and adults with a diagnosis of RM disorder in comparison to controls, and to assess the associations between the RMs and the sleep architecture. Methods All consecutive patients (n = 50; 27 children, 35 males) with RM disorder from a single sleep clinic (from 2006 to 2019) underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation and a polysomnographic recording in comparison to 75 controls (42 children and 53 males). Results About 82% of children and adult patients had a complaint of disturbed nighttime sleep. Comorbid neurodevelopmental, affective or sleep disorders were found in 92% of patients. While RM sequences defined by video polysomnographic criteria were observed in 82% of patients (in wakefulness and in all sleep stages), no similar sequences were observed in controls. Patients had altered sleep continuity, with low sleep efficiency, increased wake time after sleep onset, and frequent periodic leg movements and apnea events. The severity of RMs was associated with disrupted nighttime sleep, even after controlling for comorbid motor and respiratory events. Conclusions RM disorder is a rare, highly comorbid and disabling condition both in children and adults with frequent disturbed nighttime sleep that may contribute to the burden of the disease.

scholarly journals Study of correlation between perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography before and after antidepressant therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2551
Author(s):  
Ganesh Ingole ◽  
Harpreet S. Dhillon ◽  
Bhupendra Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After

Background: A prospective cohort study to correlate perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) before and after antidepressant therapy.Methods: Patients were recruited into the study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criterion to rule out other comorbidities which could influence sleep. A diagnosis of Depressive episode was made based on ICD-10 DCR. Psychometry, in the form of Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) and HAMD (Hamilton depression rating scale) insomnia subscale was applied on Day 1 of admission. Patients were subjected to sleep study on Day 03 of admission with Polysomnography. Patients were started on antidepressant treatment post Polysomnography. An adequate trial of antidepressants for 08 weeks was administered and BDI score ≤09 was taken as remission. Polysomnography was repeated post remission. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed positive (improvement) polysomnographic findings in terms of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, percentage wake time and these findings were statistically significant. HAM-D Insomnia subscale was found to correlate with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and N2 Stage percentage.Conclusions: Antidepressant treatment effectively improves sleep architecture in Depressive disorder and HAM-D Insomnia subscale correlates with objective findings of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and duration of N2 stage of NREM.

Sleep and the gut microbiota in preschool aged children

SLEEP ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Marcel van de Wouw ◽  
Lauren Drogos ◽  
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabani ◽  
Raylene A Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Time Awake ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Sleep plays a significant role in the mental and physical development of children. Emerging evidence in animals and human adults indicates a relationship between sleep and the gut microbiota; however, it is unclear whether the sleep of preschoolers during a key developmental period, associates with features of their gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep and gut microbiota in preschool aged children (4.37 ±0.48 years, n=143). Sleep measures included total nighttime sleep (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake-time after sleep onset (WASO) assessed using actigraphy. Beta-diversity differences between children with low and high TST (p =0.048) suggest gut microbiota community differences. Particularly, relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was higher in the high TST group and Bacteroides, was higher in children who had higher SE and low WASO (LDA score >2). In contrast, some Lachnospiraceae members including Blautia and Coprococcus 1 were associated with shorter nighttime sleep duration and less efficiency, respectively. We also found a group of faecal metabolites, including specific neuroactive compounds and immunomodulating metabolites were associated with greater sleep efficiency and less time awake at night. Notably, tryptophan and its metabolizing products were higher in children who had higher SE or lower WASO (LDA score >2); concentration of propionate was higher in children with lower WASO (p =0.036). Overall, our results reveal a novel association between sleep and gut microbiota in preschool aged children. Longer nighttime sleep and greater sleep efficiency were associated with specific commensal bacteria that may regulate sleep through modulating neurotransmitter metabolism and the immune system.

358 Daridorexant Improves Sleep in Patients with Mild/Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A143-A143
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Boof ◽  
Ingo Fietze ◽  
Katharina Lederer ◽  
Anne-Sophie Guern ◽  
Vincent Lemoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Treatment Difference ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Abstract Introduction Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist developed for the treatment of insomnia. The effect of the highest phase-3 dose of 50 mg daridorexant on nighttime respiratory function was evaluated in patients with mild/moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study showed that repeated doses of daridorexant had no clinically meaningful effect on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or on peripheral oxygen saturation. In the same study, the effect on objective sleep parameters was also explored by polysomnography (PSG). Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, crossover study, daridorexant or placebo was administered in each period once daily for 5 consecutive nights to 28 patients. Treatment difference (daridorexant – placebo) for total sleep time (TST), latency to persistent sleep (LPS), and wake after sleep onset (WASO) was analyzed for Night 5 using linear mixed-effects modeling. In addition, sleep was further explored based on sleep duration during each hour of PSG recording, duration of the different sleep phases (rapid eye movement [REM], non-REM [including N1 to N3 sleep stages]), as well as number and mean/longest duration of awakenings. Results Of 28 patients enrolled, 25 completed the study and were included in the analysis (n=15/10 with mild/moderate OSA; mean [standard deviation] AHI: 16.3 [8.2] events/h). One patient had mild insomnia symptoms at baseline. Compared to placebo, daridorexant prolonged mean TST by 38.8 min (90% confidence interval: 19.7–57.9), shortened mean LPS by 17.2 min (-35.5–1.02), and reduced mean WASO by 31.0 min (-47.3 to 14.7). Sleep architecture was maintained as no treatment differences in the duration of the evaluated sleep stages were observed when normalized to TST. Sleep duration was prolonged in the second part of the night. mean and longest duration of awakenings were decreased by a mean (90% CI) of 2.0 min (-3.1 to 0.9) and 16.3 min (-24.1 to -8.6), respectively, without treatment difference for the total number of awakenings. Conclusion Daridorexant improved objective sleep parameters in patients with mild to moderate OSA without modifying sleep architecture. Support (if any) Funded by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

scholarly journals Greatest changes in objective sleep architecture during COVID-19 lockdown in night-owls with increased REM sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Pépin ◽  
Sébastien Bailly ◽  
Ernest Mordret ◽  
Jonathan Gaucher ◽  
Renaud Tamisier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Sleep Stages

Abstract Study Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic has had dramatic effects on society and people’s daily habits. In this observational study we recorded objective data on sleep macro- and microarchitecture repeatedly over several nights before and during the Covid-19 government-imposed lockdown. The main objective was to evaluate changes in patterns of sleep duration and architecture during home confinement using the pre-confinement period as a control. Methods Participants were regular users of a sleep-monitoring headband that records, stores, and automatically analyses physiological data in real time, equivalent to polysomnography. We measured: sleep onset duration (SOD), total sleep time (TST), duration of sleep stages (N2, N3 and REM), and sleep continuity. Via the user’s smartphone application participants filled-in questionnaires on how lockdown changed working hours, eating behaviour, and daily-life at home. They also filled-in the Insomnia Severity Index, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires allowing us to create selected sub-groups. Results The 599 participants were mainly men (71%) of median age 47 [IQR: 36;59]. Compared to before lockdown, during lockdown individuals slept more overall (mean +3·83 min; SD: ±1.3), had less deep sleep (N3), more light sleep (N2) and longer REM sleep (mean +3·74 min; SD: ±0.8). They exhibited less week-end specific changes, suggesting less sleep restriction during the week. Changes were most pronounced in individuals reporting eveningness preferences, suggesting relative sleep deprivation in this population and exacerbated sensitivity to societal changes. Conclusions This unique dataset should help us understand the effects of lockdown on sleep architecture and on our health.

scholarly journals Modulation of Sleep Architecture by Whole-Body Static Magnetic Exposure: A Study Based on EEG-Based Automatic Sleep Staging

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Haoyu Jiang ◽  
Xiaotong Ding ◽  
Zhongcai Liao ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Static Magnetic Field ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency

A steady increase in sleep problems has been observed along with the development of society. Overnight exposure to a static magnetic field has been found to improve sleep quality; however, such studies were mainly based on subjective evaluation. Thus, the presented data cannot be used to infer sleep architecture in detail. In this study, the subjects slept on a magneto-static mattress for four nights, and self-reported scales and electroencephalogram (EEG) were used to determine the effect of static magnetic field exposure (SMFE) on sleep. Machine learning operators, i.e., decision tree and supporting vector machine, were trained and optimized with the open access sleep EEG dataset to automatically discriminate the individual sleep stages, determined experimentally. SMEF was found to decrease light sleep duration (N2%) by 3.51%, and sleep onset latency (SOL) by 15.83%, while it increased deep sleep duration (N3%) by 8.43%, compared with the sham SMFE group. Further, the overall sleep efficiency (SE) was also enhanced by SMFE. It is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, where the change in sleep architecture was explored by SMFE. Our findings will be useful in developing a non-invasive sleep-facilitating instrument.

Chronic Use of Triazolam: The Effects on the Sleep Patterns of Insomniacs

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Pegram ◽  
Pam Hyde ◽  
Patrick Linton
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Chronic Use

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of triazolam 0.5 mg on the sleep of insomniac patients when given for 3 weeks. The results showed that both acute and chronic triazolam administration are effective in decreasing sleep latency, increasing sleep duration, increasing sleep efficiency and decreasing total wake time without producing major effects on sleep staging. Sleep Stages 1 and 2 were significantly altered by drug treatment but in a positive direction. This change is primarily attributable to the significant decrease in sleep onset. Deep sleep and REM were not significantly changed during triazolam treatment nor was there any evidence of REM rebound after discontinuation of the medication. It was noted that some of the sleep parameters measured shifted toward baseline measures in the first night after triazolam treatment was terminated. However, the total recovery period recorded (7 days) showed the quality and quantity of sleep obtained to be improved over baseline measures. The recovery data compared favourably with those improvements noted during chronic administration of triazolam. It was also found that 3 weeks of triazolam 0.5 mg usage did not result in tolerance to its hypnotic properties. Thus, triazolam maintains its hypnotic effectiveness throughout 3 weeks of administration.

scholarly journals Sleep maturation influences cognitive development of preterm toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Ando ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Yuko Yoshimura ◽  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.

The effect of 4-h versus 6-h time restricted feeding on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110023
Author(s):  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Vicky Pavlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Background: Time restricted feeding (TRF) involves deliberately restricting the times during which energy is ingested. Preliminary findings suggest that 8–10-h TRF improves sleep. However, the effects of shorter TRF windows (4–6 h) on sleep, remain unknown. Aims: This study compared the effects of 4-h versus 6-h TRF on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Adults with obesity ( n = 49) were randomized into one of three groups: 4-h TRF (eating only between 3 and 7 p.m.), 6-h TRF (eating only between 1 and 7 p.m.), or a control group (no meal timing restrictions) for 8 weeks. Results: After 8 weeks, body weight decreased ( p < 0.001) similarly by 4-h TRF (–3.9 ± 0.4 kg) and 6-h TRF (–3.4 ± 0.4 kg), versus controls. Sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 5.9 ± 0.7; week 8: 4.8 ± 0.6) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 6.4 ± 0.8; week 8: 5.3 ± 0.9), versus controls. Wake time, bedtime, sleep duration and sleep onset latency also remained unchanged. Insomnia severity did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 4.4 ± 1.0; week 8: 4.7 ± 0.9) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 8.3 ± 1.2; week 8: 5.5 ± 1.1), versus controls. Percent of participants reporting obstructive sleep apnea symptoms did not change by 4-h TRF (baseline: 44%; week 8: 25%) or 6-h TRF (baseline: 47%; week 8: 20%), versus controls. Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4- and 6-h TRF have no effect on sleep quality, duration, insomnia severity, or the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.

State of the Art Reviews: Nonpharmacologic Approaches for the Treatment of Insomnia

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Lynch ◽  
Courtney I. Jarvis ◽  
Ronald J. DeBellis ◽  
Anna K. Morin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Nonpharmacologic Treatment

Insomnia is a common condition resulting in significant clinical and economic consequences. This review discusses the efficacy of nonpharmacologic treatment options commonly recommended for sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia. In addition, the efficacy of these approaches as part of a multifaceted intervention and in comparison to that of pharmacologic options is reviewed. The primary literature and review articles on the nonpharmacologic treatment of insomnia were identified through a MEDLINE search between 1966 and August 2006. Articles on the nonpharmacologic treatment of primary insomnia, including clinical trials on the efficacy of individual and combination treatment options, were reviewed. The nonpharmacologic treatment options for insomnia include stimulus control, sleep hygiene educations, sleep restriction, paradoxical intention, relaxation therapy, biofeedback, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. These treatment strategies produce significant changes in several sleep parameters of chronic insomniacs, including sleep-onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, sleep duration, and sleep quality. Many therapeutic options are available to treat insomnia, including nonpharmacologic strategies. Treatment recommendations, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, should be made based on patient-specific insomnia symptoms, treatment history, and medical history.

Sleep Stage Assessment Using Power Spectral Indices of Heart Rate Variability With a Simple Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Tanida ◽  
Masashi Shibata ◽  
Margaret M. Heitkemper
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Power Spectral

Clinical researchers do not typically assess sleep with polysomnography (PSG) but rather with observation. However, methods relying on observation have limited reliability and are not suitable for assessing sleep depth and cycles. The purpose of this methodological study was to compare a sleep analysis method based on power spectral indices of heart rate variability (HRV) data to PSG. PSG and electrocardiography data were collected synchronously from 10 healthy women (ages 20–61 years) over 23 nights in a laboratory setting. HRV was analyzed for each 60-s epoch and calculated at 3 frequency band powers (very low frequency [VLF]-hi: 0.016–0.04 Hz; low frequency [LF]: 0.04–0.15 Hz; and high frequency [HF]: 0.15–0.4 Hz). Using HF/(VLF-hi + LF + HF) value, VLF-hi, and heart rate (HR) as indices, an algorithm to categorize sleep into 3 states (shallow sleep corresponding to Stages 1 & 2, deep sleep corresponding to Stages 3 & 4, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) was created. Movement epochs and time of sleep onset and wake-up were determined using VLF-hi and HR. The minute-by-minute agreement rate with the sleep stages as identified by PSG and HRV data ranged from 32 to 72% with an average of 56%. Longer wake after sleep onset (WASO) resulted in lower agreement rates. The mean differences between the 2 methods were 2 min for the time of sleep onset and 6 min for the time of wake-up. These results indicate that distinguishing WASO from shallow sleep segments is difficult using this HRV method. The algorithm's usefulness is thus limited in its current form, and it requires additional modification.

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