Sleep and the gut microbiota in preschool aged children

SLEEP ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Marcel van de Wouw ◽  
Lauren Drogos ◽  
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabani ◽  
Raylene A Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Time Awake ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Sleep plays a significant role in the mental and physical development of children. Emerging evidence in animals and human adults indicates a relationship between sleep and the gut microbiota; however, it is unclear whether the sleep of preschoolers during a key developmental period, associates with features of their gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep and gut microbiota in preschool aged children (4.37 ±0.48 years, n=143). Sleep measures included total nighttime sleep (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake-time after sleep onset (WASO) assessed using actigraphy. Beta-diversity differences between children with low and high TST (p =0.048) suggest gut microbiota community differences. Particularly, relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was higher in the high TST group and Bacteroides, was higher in children who had higher SE and low WASO (LDA score >2). In contrast, some Lachnospiraceae members including Blautia and Coprococcus 1 were associated with shorter nighttime sleep duration and less efficiency, respectively. We also found a group of faecal metabolites, including specific neuroactive compounds and immunomodulating metabolites were associated with greater sleep efficiency and less time awake at night. Notably, tryptophan and its metabolizing products were higher in children who had higher SE or lower WASO (LDA score >2); concentration of propionate was higher in children with lower WASO (p =0.036). Overall, our results reveal a novel association between sleep and gut microbiota in preschool aged children. Longer nighttime sleep and greater sleep efficiency were associated with specific commensal bacteria that may regulate sleep through modulating neurotransmitter metabolism and the immune system.

scholarly journals Sleep maturation influences cognitive development of preterm toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Ando ◽  
Hidenobu Ohta ◽  
Yuko Yoshimura ◽  
Machiko Nakagawa ◽  
Yoko Asaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur recent study on full-term toddlers demonstrated that daytime nap properties affect the distribution ratio between nap and nighttime sleep duration in total sleep time but does not affect the overall total amount of daily sleep time. However, there is still no clear scientific consensus as to whether the ratio between naps and nighttime sleep or just daily total sleep duration itself is more important for healthy child development. In the current study, to gain an answer to this question, we examined the relationship between the sleep properties and the cognitive development of toddlers born prematurely using actigraphy and the Kyoto scale of psychological development (KSPD) test. 101 premature toddlers of approximately 1.5 years of age were recruited for the study. Actigraphy units were attached to their waist with an adjustable elastic belt for 7 consecutive days and a child sleep diary was completed by their parents. In the study, we found no significant correlation between either nap or nighttime sleep duration and cognitive development of the preterm toddlers. In contrast, we found that stable daily wake time was significantly associated with better cognitive development, suggesting that sleep regulation may contribute to the brain maturation of preterm toddlers.

scholarly journals Study of correlation between perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography before and after antidepressant therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2551
Author(s):  
Ganesh Ingole ◽  
Harpreet S. Dhillon ◽  
Bhupendra Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Architecture ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Before And After

Background: A prospective cohort study to correlate perceived sleep disturbances in depressed patients with objective changes in sleep architecture using polysomnography (PSG) before and after antidepressant therapy.Methods: Patients were recruited into the study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criterion to rule out other comorbidities which could influence sleep. A diagnosis of Depressive episode was made based on ICD-10 DCR. Psychometry, in the form of Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) and HAMD (Hamilton depression rating scale) insomnia subscale was applied on Day 1 of admission. Patients were subjected to sleep study on Day 03 of admission with Polysomnography. Patients were started on antidepressant treatment post Polysomnography. An adequate trial of antidepressants for 08 weeks was administered and BDI score ≤09 was taken as remission. Polysomnography was repeated post remission. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed positive (improvement) polysomnographic findings in terms of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, percentage wake time and these findings were statistically significant. HAM-D Insomnia subscale was found to correlate with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and N2 Stage percentage.Conclusions: Antidepressant treatment effectively improves sleep architecture in Depressive disorder and HAM-D Insomnia subscale correlates with objective findings of total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, total wake time and duration of N2 stage of NREM.

scholarly journals Are Reallocations between Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity Associated with Better Sleep in Adults Aged 55+ Years? An Isotemporal Substitution Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9579
Author(s):  
Julie Vanderlinden ◽  
Gregory Biddle ◽  
Filip Boen ◽  
Jannique van Uffelen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option

Physical activity has been proposed as an effective alternative treatment option for the increasing occurrence of sleep problems in older adults. Although higher physical activity levels are associated with better sleep, the association between specific physical activity intensities and sedentary behaviour (SB) with sleep remains unclear. This study examines the associations of statistically modelled time reallocations between sedentary time and different physical activity intensities with sleep outcomes using isotemporal substitution analysis. Device-measured physical activity data and both objective and subjective sleep data were collected from 439 adults aged 55+ years. Replacing 30 min of SB with moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with an increased number of awakenings. Moreover, a reallocation of 30 min between light physical activity (LPA) and MVPA was significantly associated with increased sleep efficiency. Furthermore, reallocating 30 min of SB to LPA showed a significant association with decreased sleep efficiency. There were no significant associations of time reallocations for wake time after sleep onset, length of awakenings, and sleep quality. These results improve our understanding of the interrelationships between different intensities of movement behaviours and several aspects of sleep in older adults.

Day-to-day and longer-term longitudinal associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in children

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devan Antczak ◽  
Taren Sanders ◽  
Borja del Pozo Cruz ◽  
Philip Parker ◽  
Chris Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Study Objectives To determine the day-to-day and longer-term longitudinal associations between daytime physical activity and night-time sleep. Methods We used data from a 2-year longitudinal study which included three time points (i.e. baseline, year 1, and year 2). Participants were recruited from primary schools and included 1059 children (50% girls) with a mean age of 8.81-years-old (SD = 0.72) at baseline. Sleep variables included sleep duration, sleep efficiency, time in bed, sleep onset, and wake time. Physical activity variables included light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous, and vigorous physical activity as well as sedentary time. We objectively assessed physical activity and sleep behaviors using the GENEActiv wrist-worn accelerometer over an 8-day period at each timepoint for a potential 21 190 observed days. Results We used fixed-effects multilevel models and parallel latent growth curve modeling to examine day-to-day and longer-term associations, respectively. Day-to-day, physical activity, and sleep variables were significantly, positively, and bidirectionally associated, except for sleep efficiency, which showed little association with physical activity. Longer-term, we found little association between physical activity and sleep variables. Conclusions Overall, our findings indicate that there is a day-to-day association between the amount of time spent being physically active and improved sleep. The lack of a longer-term association indicates that a focus on children’s daily behavior may be most appropriate to help children improve sleep and increase physical activity.

scholarly journals 690 An Analysis of Objective and Subjective Sleep and Infection Symptoms of Medical Personnel Working through the COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A269-A270
Author(s):  
Hannah Eldringhoff ◽  
Carolyn Mickelson ◽  
Lonique Moore ◽  
Maddison Pirner ◽  
Scott Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Time Awake ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction There is a well-established connection between sleep and the immune system, and in the midst of a global pandemic, it is vital to understand the relationship between COVID-19 symptomatology and sleep. While our communities practice safety protocols, medical personnel working on the COVID-19 response effort are at high risk for exposure and contraction. This creates an urgent need to better understand whether sleep may contribute to COVID-19 symptom onset, severity, and recovery. This study examined the relationship between subjective and objective sleep during infection. Methods Fifty volunteers (age 35.15±9.97) considered high risk for COVID-19 participated in the study. The sample consisted mostly of medical personnel (93.27%) working through the pandemic. Over six months, participants completed monthly surveys and daily logs via Qualtrics. These surveys included questions about sleep, infection symptoms, COVID-19 tests and diagnoses, and mood. Wrist-worn actigraphy was collected continuously throughout the study. Sleep duration, latency, wake after sleep onset, and efficiency were processed using Philips Actiware 6.0. Actigraphy and survey data were analyzed using SPSS v. 25. Results Sixty-two percent of participants experienced infection symptoms. Those experiencing symptoms were significantly more likely to report having poorer sleep quality t(255.59)=5.78, p=<.001, poorer mood upon waking t(258.03)=6.53, p=<.001, feeling less alert upon waking t(255.61)=4.56, p=<.001, and spending more time awake at night t(2.66.98)=-7.29, p=<.001. Results showed that compared to those asymptomatic, participants with cough t(2164)=2.07, p=.039, diarrhea t(2161)=2.51, p=.012, and headache t(106.18)=7.05, p=<.001 all had significantly less total sleep time, while those with body aches spent significantly more time awake at night t(2164)=2.10, p=.036. Conclusion This preliminary examination of the data broadly suggests that medical personnel experiencing infection symptoms may have difficulty obtaining adequate sleep. Further, specific infection symptoms may share a stronger relationship with key sleep parameters than others. These findings support further testing of the bi-direction relationship between infection symptoms and sleep. Results from this research will contribute to enhancing prevention, detection, and treatment guidance related to future domestic and globally-experienced infections. Support (if any) Support for this study comes from there Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command.

181 Sleep health concordance among socioeconomically disadvantaged caregiver-child dyads

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A73-A74
Author(s):  
Lauren Covington ◽  
Benjamin Brewer ◽  
Rachel Blair ◽  
Elissa Hoopes ◽  
Jean-Philippe Laurenceau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Family System ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Introduction Child and caregiver sleep typically occurs within a family system. Disadvantaged families experience disproportionately poorer sleep health than more advantaged families. The extent to which objectively measured sleep health metrics (e.g. duration, timing, regularity, efficiency) are concordant within disadvantaged family systems, such as caregiver-child dyads, is not clear. To address this gap, this study aimed to: (1) characterize sleep health metrics, and (2) identify levels of sleep health concordance among disadvantaged caregiver-child dyads. Methods 23 disadvantaged dyads were recruited from Philadelphia and Delaware communities. Dyads were eligible if the child was between 6-14 years, slept in the same house as the caregiver at least four nights/week, had no diagnosis of a sleep disorder or use of sleep medication, and qualified for federally funded food assistance programs (e.g., food stamps, WIC or SNAP benefits). Sleep health of the dyads was objectively measured for 7-14 days. Sleep metrics used to characterize the sample were: nighttime sleep duration (hours), time-to-bed, sleep regularity (standard deviation of sleep duration), sleep midpoint (halfway point between sleep onset and wake time) and efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep versus awake). Concordance in sleep health metrics within dyads was calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the average sleep metrics over the monitoring period. Results Children (46.2% female) slept, on average, 7.96 hours per night, with 1.25 hours of nightly sleep variability, bedtime of 10:47 PM, sleep midpoint of 2:56 AM, and sleep efficiency of 83.55%. Caregivers (mean age = 40.5 years, 85.0% female) slept, on average, 6.92 hours per night, with 1.22 hours of nightly sleep variability, bedtime of 11:24 PM, sleep midpoint of 3:04 AM, and sleep efficiency of 76.29%. Bedtime (r = 0.19, p < 0.001), sleep midpoint (r = 0.39, p < 0.001), and sleep efficiency (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) were significantly concordant among caregiver-child dyads. Conclusion Given their level of concordance, bedtime, sleep midpoint and efficiency are modifiable factors of sleep health in disadvantaged dyads that could be targeted using family versus individual level interventions. Support (if any) University of Delaware General University Research Grant and School of Nursing SEED funding.

Effects of a 2-Week High-Intensity Training Camp on Sleep Activity of Professional Rugby League Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 928-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi R. Thornton ◽  
Grant M. Duthie ◽  
Nathan W. Pitchford ◽  
Jace A. Delaney ◽  
Dean T. Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Training Camp ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

Purpose:To investigate the effects of a training camp on the sleep characteristics of professional rugby league players compared with a home period.Methods:During a 7-d home and 13-d camp period, time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and wake after sleep onset were measured using wristwatch actigraphy. Subjective wellness and training loads (TL) were also collected. Differences in sleep and TL between the 2 periods and the effect of daytime naps on nighttime sleep were examined using linear mixed models. Pearson correlations assessed the relationship of changes in TL on individuals’ TST.Results:During the training camp, TST (–85 min), TIB (–53 min), and SE (–8%) were reduced compared with home. Those who undertook daytime naps showed increased TIB (+33 min), TST (+30 min), and SE (+0.9%). Increases in daily total distance and training duration above individual baseline means during the training camp shared moderate (r = –.31) and trivial (r = –.04) negative relationships with TST.Conclusions:Sleep quality and quantity may be compromised during training camps; however, daytime naps may be beneficial for athletes due to their known benefits, without being detrimental to nighttime sleep.

scholarly journals Associations between migraine attacks and nightly sleep characteristics among adults with episodic migraine: a prospective cohort study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Vgontzas ◽  
Wenyuan Li ◽  
Elizabeth Mostofsky ◽  
Michael Rueschman ◽  
Murray A Mittleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives Given the unknown immediate impact of migraine on nighttime sleep, we prospectively examined whether migraine headaches were associated with subsequent shorter sleep duration, higher fragmentation, and poorer quality in a cohort of 98 adults with episodic migraine. Methods Participants completed twice-daily electronic diaries and wore actigraphs continuously for 6 weeks. We examined whether days with headaches were associated with changes in that night’s sleep characteristics compared with headache-free days, using adjusted multivariable linear mixed models with subject-specific intercepts. Results Participants were 35 ± 12 years old, 88% women, with an average of five migraine headaches per month. Over 4,406 days, we observed 1,077 headache days, representing 823 discrete headaches. Average nightly objective sleep duration was 7.3 ± 1.2 hr, efficiency 89.5 ± 3.3%, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) 44.8 ± 17.0 min. Objective sleep duration was 7.3 min (95% CI: 1.5, 13.0) longer on nights following a headache day compared with nights on a headache-free day. Objective sleep efficiency, WASO, and reported sleep quality were not significantly different on headache days compared with headache-free days (sleep efficiency: −0.06 min, 95% CI: −0.3, 0.2; WASO 1.5 min, 95% CI: 0.0, 3.0; sleep quality: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.3). Conclusions Sleep periods immediately following migraine headaches are not associated with shorter duration, higher disruption, or poorer sleep quality in patients with episodic migraine. These results suggest that clinical evaluation of sleep disturbance in patients with episodic migraine should be approached independently of their migraine status.

scholarly journals Subjective Happiness Is Associated with Objectively Evaluated Sleep Efficiency and Heart Rate during Sleep: An Exploratory Study Using Non-Contact Sheet Sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4630
Author(s):  
Hisayoshi Okamura ◽  
Kengo Mihara ◽  
Akira Tsuda ◽  
Toshihiro Morisaki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Subjective Happiness Scale ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between subjective happiness and subjective and objective sleep. The participants were 24 healthy university students (11 males, 13 females; mean age 22.4 ± 2.1). Their subjective happiness was measured by the Japanese Subjective Happiness Scale (JSHS). Furthermore, their subjective and objective sleep evaluation was measured by Ogri-Shirakawa-Azumi sleep inventory MA version (OSA-MA) and a non-contact sheet sensor (SS). The results indicated that participants with higher subjective happiness had objectively shorter sleep onset latency, higher sleep efficiency, and lower heart rate during sleep. On the other hand, no such correlations were found between subjective sleep evaluation with OSA and subjective happiness. These results suggest that subjective happiness is related with the ability to more easily fall asleep and better sleep efficiency.

scholarly journals Association between Sleep Time and Blood Pressure in Korean Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Analysis of KNHANES VII

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Suk-Won Chang ◽  
Ju-Wan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hypertension is highly related to sleep, and there have been a number of studies on sleep deprivation and the occurrence of hypertension. However, there is still insufficient research on the relationship between hypertension and various factors related to sleep. Thus, this study attempted to investigate the relationship between hypertension and sleep time-related variables in Korean adolescents. Methods: A total of 1470 adolescents (709 girls and 761 boys) between 12 and 18 years of age were enrolled through the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Sleep time-related variables such as sleep onset time, wake time, and sleep duration (weekday and weekend, each) were also investigated using a questionnaire. We performed multivariate regression analyses to determine the independent effects of the variables. Results: Systolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the wake time (r = −0.081; p = 0.002) and sleep onset time (r = −0.088; p = 0.001) on weekends. There was a positive correlation between diastolic blood pressure and weekday sleep onset time (r = 0.158; p = 0.000) and weekend sleep onset time (r = 0.184; p = 0.000). The sleep duration on weekdays and weekends showed a negative correlation (r = −0.136; p = 0.000, r = −0.088; p = 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate linear regression analysis results, the sleep onset time on weekends was significantly correlated with elevated diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Delayed sleep onset time on weekends was significantly associated with increased diastolic blood pressure in Korean adolescents. Further investigation is needed to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.

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